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相關資料: Cantonese preserves many syllable-final sounds that Mandarin has lost or merged. For example, the characters 裔, 屹, 藝, 艾, 憶, 譯, 懿, 誼, 肄, 翳, 邑 and 佚 are all pronounced "yì" in Mandarin, but they are all different in Cantonese (jeoi6, ngat6, ngai6, ngaai6, yik1, yik6, yi3, yi4, si3, ai3, yap1, and yat6, respectively). Like Hakka and Min Nan, Cantonese has preserved the final stops [-m, -n, -? -p, -t, -k] from Middle Chinese, while the Mandarin has been reduced to [-n, -?]. For example, lacking the syllable-final sound "m"; the final "m" and final "n" from older varieties of Chinese have merged into "n" in Mandarin, e.g. Cantonese "taam6" (譚) and "taan4" (壇) versus Mandarin tán, "yim4" (鹽) and "yin4" (言) versus Mandarin yán, "tim1" (添) and "tin1" (天) versus Mandarin tiān, "ham4" (含) and "hon4" (寒) versus Mandarin hán. The examples are too numerous to list. Furthermore, nasals can be independent syllables in Cantonese words, eg "ng5" (五) "five," and "m4" (唔) "not". A more drastic example is the character (學), pronounced *??wk in Middle Chinese. Its modern pronunciations in Cantonese, Hakka, Taiwanese and Japanese are "hok6", "hok8" (pinjim), "ha?k" (Pe?h-ōe-jī) and "gaku" (Sin-Japanese), respectively, while the pronunciation in Mandarin is xué. Differences also arise from Mandarin's relatively recent sound changes. One change, for example, merged [k?] with [ts?], and is reflected in historical Mandarin romanizations, such as Peking (Beijing), Kiangsi (Jiangxi), and Fukien (Fujian). This distinction is still preserved in Cantonese. For example, 晶, 精, 經 and 京 are all pronounced as "jīng" (jing1) in Mandarin, but in Cantonese, the first pair is pronounced "jing1", and the second pair "ging1". | 
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