本帖最後由 香江白丁 於 2013-3-18 00:45 編輯
回覆 18# KinNg
以下括號內黑色為KinNg君之發言,紅色為不才回應:
(如果白丁生有本事去搞掂班維園阿伯,維園阿哥嘅話。。。)
維園阿伯,維園阿哥之事跟本帖討論有何關係?
(2. 民主國家相對來說效率夠低,呢樣嘢唔乜爭議,西方國家嘅經濟學家都認同。)
這又是以偏概全之講法。正確的說法應是:民主國家施政效率相對「毒材」雖低,但出錯之危險也低(查一查大躍進老毛一言堂之效率),人民的權益較受保障(想想受發展影響之拆遷戶)。其他如生態環境、人民健康等等,還須舉例嗎?
(至於西方國家嘅高速發展,靠嘅係Capitalism, 即係資本主義,而唔係民主,中國呢幾十年嘅高速增長,都係Capitalism;相反,民主對經濟係有妨礙作用,點解?
1. 民主必導致高福利,高稅率,因而削弱本國公司嘅競爭力。
3. 民主國家喺高速增長時往往有無節制嘅開支,導致赤字猛增;一旦經濟出現危機,稅收減少,便會出現嚴重財政赤字;從長遠來講,唔需要經濟學家都知係要削赤,但削赤必然會導致福利減少,且可能出現短暫衰退,當然選民會反對;而政客為保飯碗,加上某些機會主義者,另削赤難上加難;呢個就係今日歐羅區嘅困局,削又唔得,增又唔得。
無錯,民主喺唔同國家有唔同嘅後果;民族素質好嘅,社會矛盾會少啲,譬如北歐國家;而民族素質低嘅,就會一塌糊塗,印度就係表表者,原來好嘅美國,因為少數族裔嘅大量增加,導致素質越來越差。)
KingNg兄在16樓謂:「我係話依家歐美嘅民主選舉方式有問題,唔係話民主。」此處則謂:「民主必導致高福利,高稅率,因而削弱本國公司嘅競爭力。」究竟兄是想批評「民主選舉」抑或「民主」呢?
民主跟資本主義的關係,歷來爭議頗大,引互聯網維基百科全書http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capitalism 一節:
The relationship between democracy and capitalism is a contentious area in theory and popular political movements. The extension of universal adult male suffrage in 19th century Britain occurred along with the development of industrial capitalism, and democracy became widespread at the same time as capitalism, leading many theorists to posit a causal relationship between them, or that each affects the other. However, in the 20th century, according to some authors, capitalism also accompanied a variety of political formations quite distinct from liberal democracies, including fascist regimes, absolute monarchies, and single-party states.[39]
Some commentators argue that though economic growth under capitalism has led to democratization in the past, it may not do so in the future, as authoritarian regimes have been able to manage economic growth without making concessions to greater political freedom.[97][98] States that have highly capitalistic economic systems have thrived under authoritarian or oppressive political systems. Singapore, which maintains a highly open market economy and attracts lots of foreign investment, does not protect civil liberties such as freedom of speech and expression. The private (capitalist) sector in the People's Republic of China has grown exponentially and thrived since its inception, despite having an authoritarian government. Augusto Pinochet's rule in Chile led to economic growth by using authoritarian means to create a safe environment for investment and capitalism.
是資本主義催生民主?民主催生資本主義?
「西方國家嘅高速發展,靠嘅係Capitalism, 即係資本主義,而唔係民主」?
資本主義造成資本家跟工人之階級矛盾,財富不均,導致福利主義抬頭?
福利主義太強,則又拖垮國家財政?
兄台可釐清以上問題嗎?
資本主義(capitalism), 社會主義(socialism) ,共產主義(communlism),是相對之思想學說,跟民生及私有產權有關。民主(democracy),「毒材」(authoritarian)是另一類思想學說,跟一國之政治體制及民權自由有關。
關乎國民生計經濟,共產主義不消說,是烏托邦(utopian),可暫時刪去。民主或毒材政體,可側重(非一面倒)資本主義或社會主義政策。即:民主國家行社會主義政策(以上兄台所舉歐美者),毒材政體行資本主義政策(兄舉了現時之大陸)。
也許可這樣說:民主及「毒材」都可發展經濟;另方面,民主及「毒材」都可拖垮經濟,那何解針對民主或民主選舉呢?
還請KinNg兄正面回答不才「17樓」及此處之提問,勿跑題:
(甲) 兄台曾謂:「而現今西方社會嘅好多社會問題,據根到底係民主選舉呢個制度造成。」究竟兄是否同意有民主選舉呢?若不同意,那將以何種政制去體現民主呢?兄台又謂「民主都可以有唔同嘅選舉方式」,則又似乎是同意有民主選舉,那請試舉一二,兄所謂的「唔同嘅選舉方式」,好讓不才思考,能否減輕或杜絕,那腐敗或墜落嘅選民,對民主選舉的影響。
(乙)不才要問:一國出現經濟問題,乃民主選舉之事耶?選民之事耶?若屬前者,請兄台回應上題;若屬後者,除了教育,請兄台指教在下,可做些甚麼?懇請明確指出,勿復以意氣之語。
(丙)KingNg兄在16樓謂:「我係話依家歐美嘅民主選舉方式有問題,唔係話民主。」此處則謂:「民主必導致高福利,高稅率,因而削弱本國公司嘅競爭力。」究竟兄是想批評「民主選舉」抑或「民主」呢? |