http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Category:fa:Months
Category:fa:Months
Definition from Wiktionary, a free dictionary
The following is a list of Persian words related to months.
For other languages, see table at Category:Months
Subcategories
This category has only the following subcategory.
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Entries in category 「fa:Months」
The following 12 pages are in this category, out of 12 total.
Categories: fa:Time | Months | fa:*Topics
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Month
Iranian/Persian calendar
The Iranian / Persian calendar, currently used in Iran and Afghanistan, also has 12 months. The Persian names are included in the parentheses.
- Farvardin (فروردین), 31 days
- Ordibehesht (اردیبهشت), 31 days
- Khordad (خرداد), 31 days
- Tir (تیر), 31 days
- Mordad (مرداد), 31 days
- Shahrivar (شهریور), 31 days
- Mehr (مهر), 30 days
- Aban (آبان), 30 days
- Azar (آذر), 30 days
- Dey (دی), 30 days
- Bahman (بهمن), 30 days
- Esfand (اسفند), 29 days, 30 in leap years
Months in various calendars
[edit] Beginning of the lunar month
The Hellenic calendars, the Hebrew Lunisolar calendar and the Islamic Lunar calendar started the month with the first appearance of the thin crescent of the new moon.
However, the motion of the Moon in its orbit
is very complicated and its period is not constant. The date and time
of this actual observation depends on the exact geographical longitude
as well as latitude, atmospheric conditions, the visual acuity of the
observers, etc. Therefore the beginning and lengths of months in these
calendars can not be accurately predicted.
While some like the Karaites Jews still rely on actual moon observations, most people use the Gregorian solar calendar.
[edit] Julian and Gregorian calendars
The Gregorian calendar, like the Julian calendar before it, has twelve months:
One of Wikipedia's sister projects, Wiktionary,
provides translations of each of the Gregorian/Julian calendar months
into a dozen or more languages. Month-by-month links are provided here:
January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September, October, November, December.
The average month in the Gregorian calendar has a length of 30.4167
days or 4.345 weeks in a non-leap year and 30.5 days or 4.357 weeks in
a leap year, or 30.436875 days in a mean Gregorian month overall
(365.2425 ÷ 12).
Months existing in the Roman calendar in the past include:
The famous mnemonic Thirty days hath September is the most common way of teaching the lengths of the months in the English-speaking world.
On top of the knuckles (yellow): 31 days
Between the knuckles (blue): 30 days
February (red) has 28 or 29 days.
The knuckles of the four fingers of one's hand and the spaces
between them can be used to remember the lengths of the months. By
making a fist, each month will be listed as one proceeds across the
hand. All months landing on a knuckle are 31 days long and those
landing between them are not. When the knuckle of the index finger is
reached (July), go back to the first knuckle (or over to the first
knuckle on the other fist, held next to the first) and continue with
August. This physical mnemonic has been taught to primary school
students for many decades.[2][3]
[edit] Calends, nones, and ides
The ides occur on the thirteenth day in eight of the months, but in March, May, July, and October, they occur on the fifteenth. The nonescalends are always the first day of the month. always occur 8 days before the ides, i.e., on the fifth or the seventh. The
[edit] Hebrew Calendar
The Hebrew calendar has 12 or 13 months.
- Nisan, 30 days ניסן
- Iyyar, 29 days אייר
- Sivan, 30 days סיון
- Tammuz, 29 days תמוז
- Av, 30 days אב
- Elul, 29 days אלול
- Tishri, 30 days תשרי
- Heshvan, 29/30 days חשון
- Kislev, 29/30 days כסלו
- Tevet, 29 days טבת
- Shevat, 30 days שבט
- Adar 1, 30 days, intercalary month אדר א
- Adar 2, 29 days אדר ב
Adar 1 is only added 7 times in 19 years. In ordinary years, Adar 2 is simply called Adar.
[edit] French Republican calendar
This calendar was proposed during the French Revolution, and used by
the French government for about twelve years from late 1793. There were
twelve months of 30 days each, grouped into three ten-day weeks called décades.
The five or six extra days needed to approximate the tropical year were
placed after the months at the end of each year. A period of four years
ending on a leap day was to be called a Franciade. It began at the autumn equinox:
- Vendémiaire
- Brumaire
- Frimaire
- Nivôse
- Pluviôse
- Ventôse
- Germinal
- Floréal
- Prairial
- Messidor
- Thermidor
- Fructidor
[edit] Iranian/Persian calendar
The Iranian / Persian calendar, currently used in Iran and Afghanistan, also has 12 months. The Persian names are included in the parentheses.
- Farvardin (فروردین), 31 days
- Ordibehesht (اردیبهشت), 31 days
- Khordad (خرداد), 31 days
- Tir (تیر), 31 days
- Mordad (مرداد), 31 days
- Shahrivar (شهریور), 31 days
- Mehr (مهر), 30 days
- Aban (آبان), 30 days
- Azar (آذر), 30 days
- Dey (دی), 30 days
- Bahman (بهمن), 30 days
- Esfand (اسفند), 29 days, 30 in leap years
[edit] Islamic calendar
There are also twelve months in the Islamic calendar. They are named as follows:
- Muharram ul Haram (or shortened to Muharram) محرّم
- Safar صفر
- Rabi`-ul-Awwal (Rabi' I) ربيع الأول
- Rabi`-ul-Akhir (or Rabi` al-Tיhaany) (Rabi' II) ربيع الآخر أو ربيع الثاني
- Jumaada-ul-Awwal (Jumaada I) جمادى الأول
- Jumaada-ul-Akhir (or Jumaada al-Thaany) (Jumaada II) جمادى الآخر أو جمادى الثاني
- Rajab رجب
- Sha'aban شعبان
- Ramadhan رمضان
- Shawwal شوّال
- Dhul Qadah (or Thou al-Qi`dah) ذو القعدة
- Dhul Hijja (or Thou al-Hijjah) ذو الحجة
See the article Islamic calendar for more information on the Islamic calendar.
[edit] Hindu Calendar
The Hindu Calendar has various systems of naming the months. The months in the lunar calendar are:
- Chaitra
- Vaishaakha
- Jyaishtha
- Aashaadha
- Shraavana
- Bhaadrapada
- Aashvayuja
- Kaartika
- Maargashiirsha
- Pausha
- Maagha
- Phaalguna
These are also the names used in the Indian national calendar for the newly redefined months.
The names in the solar calendar are just the names of the zodiac sign in which the sun travels. They are
- Mesha
- Vrishabha
- Mithuna
- Kataka
- Simha
- Kanyaa
- Tulaa
- Vrishcika
- Dhanus
- Makara
- Kumbha
- Miina
- Chitirai
- Vaikasi
- Aani
- Aadi
- Aavani
- Purratasi
- Aiypasi
- Kaarthigai
- Maargazhi
- Thai
- Maasi
- Panguni
[edit] Sinhala calendar
The Sinhala calendar is the Buddhist calendar in Sri Lanka with Sinhala names. Each full moon Poya day marks the start of a Buddhist lunar month.[4] The first month is Vesak.[5] The Sinhala and Tamil New Year Day is the start of the Hindu solar calendar (usually 14 April), an event unrelated to the Bhuddist calendar.
- Vesak
- Poson
- Esala
- Nikini
- Binara
- Vap
- Il (iL)
- Unduvap
- Duruthu
- Navam
- Medin
- Bak
[edit] Icelandic/Old Norse calendar
The old Icelandic calendar is not in official use anymore, but some
Icelandic holidays and annual feasts are still calculated from it. It
has 12 months, broken down into two groups of six often termed "winter
months" and "summer months". The calendar is peculiar in that the
months always start on the same weekday rather than on the same date. Hence Þorri always starts on a Friday sometime between January 19 and January 25 (Old style: January 9 to January 15), Góa always starts on a Sunday between February 18 and February 24 (Old style: February 8 to February 14).
- Gormánuður (mid October - mid November, "slaughter month" or "Gór's month")
- Ýlir (mid November - mid December, "Yule month")
- Mörsugur (mid December - mid January, "fat sucking month")
- Þorri (mid January - mid February, "frozen snow month")
- Góa (mid February - mid March, "Góa's month, see Nór")
- Einmánuður (mid March - mid April, "lone" or "single month")
- Náttleysi ("Nightless days")
- Harpa (mid April - mid May, Harpa is a female name, probably a forgotten goddess, first day of Harpa is celebrated as Sumardagurinn fyrsti - first day of summer)
- Skerpla (mid May - mid June, another forgotten goddess)
- Sólmánuður (mid June - mid July, "sun month")
- Heyannir (mid July - mid August, "hay business month")
- Tvímánuður (mid August - mid September, "two" or "second month")
- Haustmánuður (mid September - mid October, "autumn month")
[edit] Old English calendar
Like the Old Norse calendar, the Anglo-Saxons
had their own calendar before they were Christianized which reflected
native traditions and deities. These months were attested by Bede in his work On Chronology written in the 8th Century [6]. His months are probably those as written in the Northumbrian dialect of Old English which he was familiar with. The months were so named after the moon; the new moonfull moon occurring in the middle of the month, after which the month was named. marking the end of an old month and start of a new month; the
- Æftera Geol monaþ (January, 'After Yule moon』
- Sol monaþ (February, 'Returning Sun moon』
- Hreð monaþ (March, 'Moon of Hreða』)
- Eostur monaþ (April, 'Moon of Eostre』)
- Ðrimilce monaþ (May, 'Three milkings moon』)
- Ærra Liða monaþ (June, 'Before travelling moon』)
- Æftera Liða monaþ (July, 'After travelling moon』)
- Weod monaþ (August, 'Weed moon』)
- Halig monaþ (September, 'Holy moon』)
- Winter fylleð (October, 'Winter fullmoon』) (the start of winter began at the fullmoon and is the origin of Halloween)
- Blot monaþ (November, 'Blót moon』)
- Ærra Geol monaþ (December, 'Before Yule moon')
[edit] Old Hungarian calendar
Historically Hungary used a 12-month calendar that appears to have been zodiacal in nature[7] but eventually came to correspond to the Gregorian months as shown below[8]:
- Boldogasszony hava (January, 『month of the happy/blessed lady』)
- Böjtelő hava (February, 『month of early fasting/Lent』 or 『month before fasting/Lent』)
- Böjtmás hava (March, 『second month of fasting/Lent』)
- Szent György hava (April, 『St. George』s month)
- Pünkösd hava (May, 『Pentecost month』)
- Szent Iván hava (June, 『St. Ivan』s month』)
- Szent Jakab hava (July, 『St. James』 month』)
- Kisasszony hava (August, 『month of the young lady [Blessed Virgin]』)
- Szent Mihály hava (September, 『St. Michael』s month』)
- Mindszent hava (October, 『all saints month』)
- Szent András hava (November, 『St. Andrew』s month』)
- Karácsony hava (December, 『month of Yule/Christmas』)
[edit] Old Egyptian calendar
The ancient civil Egyptian calendar had a year that was 365 days
long and was divided into 12 months of 30 days each, plus 5 extra days
(epagomenes) at the end of the year. The months were divided into 3
"weeks" of ten days each. Because the ancient Egyptian year was almost
a quarter of a day shorter than the solar year and stellar events
"wandered" through the calendar, it is referred to as Annus Vagus or
"Wandering Year".
- Thout
- Paopi
- Hathor
- Koiak
- Tooba
- Emshir
- Paremhat
- Paremoude
- Pashons
- Paoni
- Epip
- Mesori
[edit] Nisga'a calendar
The Nisga'a
Calendar coincides with the Gregorian Calendar with each month
referring to the type of Harvesting that is done during the month.[citation needed]
- K'aliiyee = Going North - referring to the Sun returning to its usual place in the sky
- Buxwlaks = Needles Blowing About - February is usually a very windy month in the Nass River Valley
- Xsaak = To Eat Oolichans - Oolichans are harvested during this month
- Mmaal = Canoes - The river has defrosted, hence canoes are used once more
- Yansa'alt = Leaves are Blooming - Warm weather has arrived and leaves on the trees begin to bloom
- Miso'o = Sockeye - majority of Sockeye Salmon runs begin this month
- Maa'y = Berries - berry picking season
- Wii Hoon = Great Salmon - referring to the abundance of Salmon that are now running
- Genuugwwikw = Trail of the Marmot - Marmots, Ermines and animals as such are hunted
- Xlaaxw = To Eat Trout - trout are mostly eaten this time of year
- Gwilatkw = To Blanket - The earth is "blanketed" with snow
- Luut'aa = Sit In - the Sun "sits" in one spot for a period of time
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發表於 2009-7-19 15:53:32
