Month names
In ancient Iran
each day of the month had a name, and all months had 30 days. For example, the
first day was called Ahuramazda, the second day Bahman, which is the first
attribute of God, the third day was called Ordibehesht meaning truth and
purity which again are attributes of God. The fourth day is called Shahrivar,
meaning ideal kingship that belongs to God who rules the whole universe. The
cryptic meaning of this word is that in the same way that God rules over the
heavenly bodies, we should rule our bodies with good thoughts, words and
deeds. This brings us to the fifth day Sepandarmaz. Another rule here was that
whenever the name of a day coincided with that of the month, a feast was held.
So the feast of Sepandarmazgan is held on the sepandarmaz day of the month of
Esfand (originally Spand or Espand). Similarly, the 16th day of any month is
called Mehr and the feast of Mehrgan is held on the 16th day of the month of
Mehr which was one of the most important feasts of the past. The day of Aban in
the month of Aban is the day of another feast called Abangan, and was used as
an occasion to appreciate and worship water and the day of Azar in the month
of Azar, called Azargan was the feast of appreciation of fire and so forth.
And after the Persian calendar was changed, the six first months ended with 31
days, the next five months have 30 days, and only Esfand has 29 days that will
change to 30 days in a four year period and Sepandarmazgan moved from 5th of
Esfand 29th of Bahman, i.e. February 17th.
Pasted
from <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sepandarmazgan>
- The Calendar(s) of
the Parsis
- Zoroastrian
festivals
- Iranian calendar
- Armenian calendar
- Zoroastrianism
Pasted
from <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoroastrian_calendar>
The
Armenian month names show influence of the Zoroastrian
calendar, and, as noted by Antoine
Meillet, Kartvelian influence in two cases. There
are different systems for transliterating the names; the forms below come from
Calendrical Calculations:
The Millennium Edition by Dershowitz and Reingold.
1. Nawasardi (Avestan *nava
sarəδa "new year") 灵使月， 元月
2. Hor̄i (from Georgian ori
"two") 二月
3. Sahmi (from Georgian sami
"three") 三月
4. Trē (Zoroastrian Tïr) 七月蟹 (تیر), 31 days 甘霖月
5. K』ałoch ("month of
crops"; Zoroastrian Amerōdat̰) 八月狮 (مرداد), 31 days 永生月
6. Arach` 圣王月
7. Mehekani (from Iranian *mihrakāna; Zoroastrian Mitrō) 慈阳月
8. Areg ("sun
month"; Zoroastrian Āvān) 太阳月，水月
9. Ahekani (Zoroastrian Ātarō) 火月
10. Mareri (perhaps from Avestan
maiδyaīrya "mid-year"; Zoroastrian Dīn) 献月
11. Margach (Zoroastrian Vohūman) 善思月
12. Hrotich (from Pahlavi *fravartakān "epagomenal
days"; Zoroastrian Spendarmat̰) 慈悲月
Pasted
from <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armenian_calendar>
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Month
Iranian/Persian calendar 贾拉里历，波斯历，阿富汗历，库尔德历，
The Iranian / Persian
calendar, currently used in Iran
and Afghanistan, also
has 12 months. The Persian
names are included in the parentheses.
- Farvardin 四月羊 (فروردین), 31 days 灵使月
- Ordibehesht 五月牛 (اردیبهشت), 31 days 至真月
- Khordad 六月孪 (خرداد), 31 days 全满月
- Tir 七月蟹 (تیر), 31 days 甘霖月，星辰月
- Mordad 八月狮 (مرداد), 31 days 永生月
- Shahrivar 九月处 (شهریور), 31 days 圣王月（天王月，义王月）
- Mehr 十月平 (مهر), 30 days 慈阳月，阳光月
- Aban 十一月蝎 (آبان), 30 days 水月
- Azar 十二月羿月 (آذر), 30 days 火月
- Dey 一月羱月 (دی), 30 days 无私月，献月
- Bahman 二月水 (بهمن), 30 days 善思月
- Esfand 三月鱼 (اسفند), 29 days, 30 in leap years 慈悲月
Months
in various calendars
[edit]
Beginning of the lunar month
The Hellenic calendars,
the Hebrew Lunisolar
calendar and the Islamic
Lunar calendar started the month with the first appearance of the thin
crescent of the new moon.
However, the motion
of the Moon in its orbit is
very complicated and its period is not constant. The date and time of this
actual observation depends on the exact geographical longitude as well as
latitude, atmospheric conditions, the visual acuity of the observers, etc.
Therefore the beginning and lengths of months in these calendars can not be
accurately predicted.
While some like the Karaites Jews still rely on
actual moon observations, most people use the Gregorian solar
calendar.
[edit]
Julian and Gregorian calendars
The Gregorian calendar,
like the Julian
calendar before it, has twelve months:
One of Wikipedia's
sister projects, Wiktionary,
provides translations of each of the Gregorian/Julian calendar months into a
dozen or more languages. Month-by-month links are provided here: January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September, October, November, December.
The average month in
the Gregorian calendar has a length of 30.4167 days or 4.345 weeks in a
non-leap year and 30.5 days or 4.357 weeks in a leap year, or 30.436875 days
in a mean Gregorian month overall (365.2425 ÷ 12).
Months existing in
the Roman calendar
in the past include:
The famous mnemonic Thirty days hath September is the most
common way of teaching the lengths of the months in the English-speaking
world.
On top of the
knuckles (yellow): 31 days
Between the knuckles
(blue): 30 days
February (red) has
28 or 29 days.
The knuckles of the
four fingers of one's hand and the spaces between them can be used to remember
the lengths of the months. By making a fist, each month will be listed as one
proceeds across the hand. All months landing on a knuckle are 31 days long and
those landing between them are not. When the knuckle of the index finger is
reached (July), go back to the first knuckle (or over to the first knuckle on
the other fist, held next to the first) and continue with August. This
physical mnemonic has been taught to primary school students for many decades.[2][3]
[edit]
Calends, nones, and ides
The ides occur on the
thirteenth day in eight of the months, but in March, May, July, and October,
they occur on the fifteenth. The nonescalends are always
the first day of the month. always occur
8 days before the ides, i.e., on the fifth or the seventh. The
[edit]
Hebrew Calendar
The Hebrew calendar has 12
or 13 months.
- Nisan, 30 days ניסן 三月弥生月，春月，幻月
- Iyyar, 29 days אייר 四月花月，光月，养月 ，甦月
- Sivan, 30 days סיון 五月时月，季月，行月
- Tammuz, 29 days תמוז 六月神农月，日神月，热月
- Av, 30 days אב 七月水月，父月，愿月
- Elul, 29 days אלול 八月寻月，省月
- Tishri, 30 days תשרי 九月元月，释月，赦月
- Heshvan, 29/30 days חשון 十月八月，苦月，宁月，咛月
- Kislev, 29/30 days כסלו 十一月梦月，信月，天真月
- Tevet, 29 days טבת 十二月十月，嘉月
- Shevat, 30 days שבט 一月杖月，执月
- Adar 1, Adar Rishon 30 days, intercalary month אדר א 二月润，头盛月，润盛月
- Adar 2, Adar Sheni 29 days אדר ב 二月 次盛月 ，盛月
Adar 1 is only added
7 times in 19 years. In ordinary years, Adar 2 is simply called Adar.
"Nissan" 幻月 is a cognate
to the word "nissim", meaning "miracles"./Miracles,
redemption
Hebrew acronym for "Ani Hashem Rof'echa": "I am the
L-rd your healer". The initials of these three Hebrew words, Ani Hashem
Rofe'echa, are Aleph-Yod-Resh, the letters of the word Iyar./Month of Divine
healing. The month of Iyar 养月 ，甦月 is about healing or refining
ourselves.
the sense associated with Sivan is the power to "walk", 行月 meaning to move and accelerate in our service of G-d. During
Sivan, Jews receive the ability to walk, strongly and steadily, on two legs.
They receive the Halacha, Jewish Law, whose name is derived from the word for
walking, 'halicha'; (2) The Vilna Gaon s Opinion (Rabbi Elijah ben Solomon
Zalman or Rabbi Eliyahu the Gaon of Vilna, 1720-1797, The "Grah"):
Sivan is the month of "vision". In Sivan everybody saw the
revelation on Mount Sinai.
Tammuz, the spies "walked" in the land of Israel. Another
meaning for Tammuz is that it is a corruption of the name Dumuzi, the Akkadian
sun-god. Scholarly commentaries also explain that the root of Tammuz means
"heat". 日神月，热月 The idol was called this because it
would be heated so that its eyes would appear to tear (they were made from a
material which would melt). Also, another explanation is that the month of
Tammuz, the main month of the summer, is connected to "heat".
The word "Av" literally means "father" (or
"Menachem-Av", the "consoler of Av") in Hebrew. It derives
from the root which means "to will" or "to desire." 父月，愿月
"Elul" means "search." Elul is a time to search
our hearts. During the month of Elul we "search" our hearts for evil
and repent in preparation for Rosh Hashanah. The Targum on the words 'losur
osah' (to search it [the land)] Bamidbar (13:32) translates "Le'allelah
yas ar'ah". From this it is derived that the word "Elul" means
"search" or "inspect" 省月
"Tishrei" means "to begin", for the beginning
of Tishrei meant that it was the beginning of an agricultural year or farming
year. Another opinion states that the word "Tishrei" means
apparently derives from the root word "seru", which means "to
begin". This "beginning" is in reference to the beginning of
the autumn harvest and the commercial year. Still another opinion states that
"Tishrei" derives from the Akkadian word "Tashritu" or
from the Aramaic word "sherei" meaning "to begin". The
Chassidic founder, the Baal Shem Tov, noted that the word "Tishrei"
has the connotation of forgiveness, and so he avoided mentioning the word
"Tishrei". Chassidic Sages also stated that the word
"Tishrei" also means "released" and they explained that
the month was so named because in it G-d "releases and lets go all the
sins of the Jewish people". However, since Shabbos is a time when we
transcend totally above sin, to the point where it is not proper to even
request its forgiveness or atonement, therefore the Baal Shem Tov who was
speaking in the context of "Shabbos Mevorchim" (the Shabbat before
the new month; literally, a Shabbat in which we bless the upcoming month.),
referred to the month as the seventh month. The Kol Bo ("Kol Bo"
means "All is in it". The "Kol Bo" is an important
anonymous work on Jewish law, first printed in Naples, Italy, in 1490.) states
that the word "Tishrei" is the Arama'ic word for "You will
forgive" 元月，释月，赦月
Cheshvan is "chash", which in Hebrew means
"quiet". The very name of the month commands us to be still, to be
quiet. After the building up of the dramatic events of the past two months,
Elul and Tishrei, to the "Day of Judgement", Rosh Ha-Shanah, when
the entire world stands at attention in front of G-d, the next month of
Cheshvan is a period of quiet from all the tumult. In Tractate Sanhedrin of
the Talmud, it is explained that Cheshvan or Marcheshvan means "the movement
of the lips" 宁月，咛月
"Kislev" shares the same root as the Hebrew word
"kislah", which means, strangely enough, both folly and trust. In
other words, the meaning of kislah depends upon whom you trust. Another
opinion states that the name Kislev derives from the Hebrew word for
"security" and "trust." There are two states of trust, one
active and one passive, both of which are manifest in the month of Kislev. The
miracle of Chanukah reflects the active trust (I.E. "Bitachon", meaning
"confidence" in Hebrew) of the Hasmoneans or Chashmonaim (I.E.
Maccabees or Maacabim) to stand up and fight against the Hellenistic empire
(and its culture). Kislev's sense of sleep reflects the passive trust that
G-d's providence always guards over Israel. The Kabbalistic view is similar:
The word "Kislev" derives from one of the Hebrew words for
"trust" 信月，天真月
Shevat itself transforms to Shabbat (since the two letters tet and
tav, both letters of the tongue, are phonetically interchangeable). Another
Kabbalistic opinion states that the word "shevat" is related to the
Hebrew word for a staff or rod. A staff can be used as a symbol of power, or
as a cane to lean on. 杖月
Tevet means
"ten" in Hebrew; Tevet shares the same root as the Hebrew word
"tov", which means "good." However, in this month, we
commemorate many sad events, including the Tenth of Tevet. A Kabbalistic
opinion states the following: The letter ayin means "eye" in Hebrew.
The month of Tevet is the month of the rectification and nullification of the
"evil eye". The word Tevet itself comes from the Hebrew word
"tov", meaning "good," and referring to "tov
ayin", "the goodly eye" (the source of the power of blessing,
as it is said: "the goodly eye shall bless").
Adar is cognate to the Hebrew word "adir", meaning
"strength". Adar is the month of good fortune for the Jewish people.
According to this Kabbalistic opinion, their rabbinic sages say of Adar:
"Its mazal (fortune) is strong". Another Kabbalistic opinion says
that "Adar" means "exalted", "praised",
"power", and "strength". 盛月
Pasted
from <http://www.angelfire.com/pa2/passover/months-of-the-jewish-calendar.html>
日本
- 1st
month of the lunar calendar: 睦月 (mutsuki, affection month)
- 2nd
month of the lunar calendar: 如月 or 衣更着 (kisaragi or kinusaragi, changing
clothes)
- 3rd
month of the lunar calendar: 弥生 (yayoi, new life; the beginning of spring)
- 4th
month of the lunar calendar: 卯月 (uzuki, u-no-hana month; the u-no-hana is a
flower, genus Deutzia)
- 5th
month of the lunar calendar: 皐月 or 早月 or 五月 (satsuki, fast month)
- 6th
month of the lunar calendar: 水無月 (minatsuki or minazuki, month of water—the 無 character, which
normally means "not", is here ateji, that is, used only for the sound
"na". In this name the na is actually a
possessive particle, so Minazuki means "month of water," not
"month without water", and some say this is in reference to the
flooding of the rice fields.[2] Some have suggested[who?], however, that
the name "waterless month" would have been appropriate since
this month would have been the month after the end of the monsoon rains.)
- 7th
month of the lunar calendar: 文月 (fumizuki, book month)
- 8th
month of the lunar calendar: 葉月 (hazuki, leaf month)
- 9th
month of the lunar calendar: 長月 (nagatsuki, long month)
- 10th
month of the lunar calendar: 神無月 (kaminazuki or kannazuki, "month
without gods—but analogous to the name of the 6th month, the 無 character here
could be the same possessive particle "na", making this
"month of the gods") In Izumo province, modern-day Shimane Prefecture, this is emended
to 神有月 or 神在月 (kamiarizuki,
roughly "month with gods"), as all the gods are believed to
gather there for an annual meeting at the Izumo Shrine.
- 11th
month of the lunar calendar: 霜月 (shimotsuki, frost month)
- 12th
month of the lunar calendar: 師走 (shiwasu, priests run; it is named so
because priests are busy making end of the year prayers and blessings.)
Pasted
from <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_calendar>
弥生的意思是「新生」，一到春天，花草皆露新芽，初生之象。卯月的意思是「生长」，正是草木发芽、万物苏醒之际，代表无尽的活力与发展力。皋月的意思是「 热暑」，因为从这个季节开始天气会逐渐变得炎热。水无月的意思是「没有水的月」，象征日本的雨季。猜得出，这或许是出于对天神的虔诚谢意而起的名字，因为 天神把雨全部降到地球上面，所以天上就会 没有雨水了。文月的意思是「书信往来的月」，也许正在你焦急等待之时会有信来。叶月的意思是「离家出门」，因为对于日本人来说这是一个传统的旅游季节。长 月的意思是「夜长的月」，可能是因为从这个时侯开始夜晚将会变得漫长的原因吧。神无月的意思是「神仙离开的月」，据说这是因为在这段时间里，日本各地的各 路神仙都会聚集到「出云」这个地方来开会。在日本除了「出云」这个地方把「神无月」叫作「神有月」之外，其它的地方都会叫作「神无月」。「神有月」的意思 是「神仙回来的月」。霜月的意思是「结霜的月」，因为从这个季节开始天气会逐渐变得寒冷。另外请看：一月；睦月（MUTUKI）新的一年的第一个月，因为 正月是一家人和睦相处度过快乐每一天的月份，所以叫做「睦月」。二月；如月（KISARAGI）着更衣的意思就是天气暖了，脱下来的衣服随时可能因为到春 寒又穿回去，由于「如」字的发音与「着更衣」相同，所以简称为「如月」。三月；弥生（YAYOYI）「弥生」的意思是渐渐生长旺盛的意思，也就是形容三月 是草木逐渐开始成长的一个月。四月；卯月（UTUKI）溲疏花在日语里就是卯花，而四月正式卯花盛开的季节。五月；皋月（SATUKI）「皋」字的发音是 「さつき」，而「さつき」的意思就是插秧，五月就是这样一个播种的时节，因此有时也称为「早苗月」。六月；水无月（MINADUKI）顾名思义啦~旧历的 六月梅雨放晴，降水自然会变少。七月；文月（HUTUKI）在七月的时候，人们会作文供奉牛郎织女，所以叫作「文月」。八月；叶月（HATUKI）在《奥 义抄》中，树叶落下的季节被称为「叶落月」，简称叶月。九月；长月（NAGATUKI）《拾遗和歌集》中写到，随着秋天的到来，夜晚会逐渐变长，人们期待 能够尽快与恋人在第二天早晨会面，因此感觉夜晚太过漫长，所以叫做「夜长月」，简称「长月」。十月；神无月（KANNADUKI）日本全国的神在每年十月 会聚集在出云之国参加政治协商会议，神都不在家所以称为「神无月」，也因此，只有出云称十月为「神在月」。十一月；霜月（SHIMOTUKI）「霜月」一 词出自《奥义抄》，当中记载「十一月，由于时常降霜，所以被称为霜降月」，之后从「霜降月」演变成了「霜月」。十二月；师走（SHIMOTUKI）最早把 十二月称为「师走」的是《日本书纪》，其中恒武天皇纪将十二月写为「十有二月」，念做「しゎす」（音同「师走」），《奥义抄》中说十二月是僧侣到处颂经的 时候，僧侣师父们四处奔走十分繁忙，所以称做「师走」。水果篮子里面的人物名字也使用了月份的别称，但使用的并不是我们所例举的这些，我们例举的只是其中 最常见的。其实在日语中每个月份都有很多别称，少的有3，4个，多的甚至有10几个，比如红叶月，时雨月，神乐月等等。该回答在2006年10月23日由 回答者修改过
其他回答 十二个月的别称 01。睦月（むつき）：正月、初春月、年始月、太郎月、年端月 02。如月（きさらぎ）：梅见月、梅月、雪解月、初花月、小草生月、木芽月 03。弥生（やよい）：桜月、花见月、花咲月、桃月、嘉月、春惜月、梦见月 04。卯月（うづき）：卯の花月、鸟月、花残月、清和月、得鸟羽月、夏初月 05。皐月（さつき）：早苗月、五月雨月、雨月、橘月、早月、菖蒲月 06。水无月（みなづき）：风待月、松风月、伏月、常夏月、鸣神月、鸣雷月、葵月 07。文月（ふみづき）：七夕月、七夜月、女郎花月、兰月、凉月、文披月 08。叶月（はづき）：秋风月、月见月、木染月、浓染月、叶月、红染月、雁来月 09。长月（ながつき）：菊月、菊咲月、夜长月、小田刈月、红叶月、寝觉月 10。神无月（かんなづき）：神有月（出云）、神去月、雷无月、初霜月、时雨月 11。霜月（しもつき）：霜降月、雪待月、神乐月、神归月、雪见月、露隐叶月 12。师走（しわす）：极月、蜡月、春待月、限月、果月、亲子月、梅初月睦月的意思是，睦表示对人尊重，关心他人，与他人保持友好关系。正是因为这样，一 年的开始用睦月最合适。 如月的意思是「欢庆」。弥生的意思是「新生」，一到春天，花草皆露新芽，初生之象。卯月的意思是「生长」，正是草木发芽、万物苏醒之际，代表无尽的活力与 发展力。皋月的意思是「热暑」，因为从这个季节开始天气会逐渐变得炎热。水无月的意思是「没有水的月」，象徵日本的雨季。猜得出，这或许是出於对天神的虔 诚谢意而起的名字，因为天神把雨全部降到地球上面，所以天上就会 没有雨水了。文月的意思是「书信往来的月」，也许正在你焦急等待之时会有信来。叶月的意思是「离家出门」，因为对於日本人来说这是一个传统的旅游季节。长 月的意思是「夜长的月」，可能是因为从这个时侯开始夜晚将会变得漫长的原因吧。神无月的意思是「神仙离开的月」，据说这是因为在这段时间里，日本各地的各 路神仙都会聚集到「出云」这个地方来开会。在日本除了「出云」这个地方把「神无月」叫作「神有月」之外，其他的地方都会叫作「神无月」。
Pasted
from <http://hi.baidu.com/prince_di/blog/item/dfc9d058b5a0c7232934f01f.html>
[edit]
French Republican calendar
Main article: French
Republican calendar
This calendar was
proposed during the French Revolution, and used by the French government for
about twelve years from late 1793. There were twelve months of 30 days each,
grouped into three ten-day weeks called décades.
The five or six extra days needed to approximate the tropical year were placed
after the months at the end of each year. A period of four years ending on a
leap day was to be called a Franciade.
It began at the autumn equinox:
- Vendémiaire
- Brumaire
- Frimaire
- Nivôse
- Pluviôse
- Ventôse
- Germinal
- Floréal
- Prairial
- Messidor
- Thermidor
- Fructidor
[edit]
Islamic calendar
There are also
twelve months in the Islamic
calendar. They are named as follows:
- Muharram
ul Haram (or shortened to
Muharram) محرّم 禁月
- Safar صفر 空月
- Rabi`-ul-Awwal (Rabi' I) ربيع الأول 元春月
- Rabi`-ul-Akhir (or Rabi` al-Tיhaany) (Rabi' II) ربيع الآخر
أو ربيع الثاني 亚春月
- Jumaada-ul-Awwal (Jumaada I) جمادى الأول 元燥月
- Jumaada-ul-Akhir (or Jumaada
al-Thaany) (Jumaada II) جمادى الآخر
أو جمادى الثاني 燥后月
- Rajab رجب 敬月
- Sha'aban شعبان 散月
- Ramadhan رمضان 斋月，热月
- Shawwal شوّال 孕月
- Dhul Qadah (or Thou
al-Qi`dah) ذو القعدة 主息兵月
- Dhul Hijja (or Thou
al-Hijjah) ذو الحجة 主觐月
See the article Islamic calendar for
more information on the Islamic calendar.
Entries in category 「ar:Islamic months」
The following 14
pages are in this category, out of 14 total.
|
1
2
3
4
|
4
cont.
5
6
7
|
8
9
X
Y
Z
|
Retrieved
from "http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Category:ar:Islamic_months"
Categories: ar:Islam | ar:Months | Islamic
months | ar:*Topics
Pasted
from <http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Category:ar:Islamic_months>
The
Hebrew, Buddhist, Hellenic, Hindu
lunisolar, Tibetan, Chinese (used alone until 1912 and then used along with the Gregorian), and Korean (used alone until 1894 and since
used along with the Gregorian) calendars are all lunisolar, as was the Japanese
calendar until 1873, the Hawaiian calendar, the pre-Islamic calendar, the republican Roman
calendar until 45 BC (in fact earlier, because the synchronization to the moon was lost
as well as the synchronization to the sun), the first century Gaulish Coligny
calendar, the Byzantine
Calendar, and the second
millennium BC Babylonian
calendar. The Chinese, Coligny and Hebrew[1] lunisolar calendars track more or
less the tropical year whereas the Buddhist and Hindu lunisolar calendars
track the sidereal year. Therefore, the first three give an idea of the
seasons whereas the last two give an idea of the position among the constellations
of the full moon. The Tibetan calendar was influenced by both the Chinese and
Hindu calendars. The English
also used a lunisolar calendar before their
conversion to Christianity[citation needed].The twelve-month, thirty-day Hawaiian
calendar incorporates the same sophisticated astronomy used by the ancient
Polynesians to navigate throughout the Pacific and details when plants should
be sown and fish caught. [2]
Pasted
from <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lunisolar_calendar>
[edit]
Hindu Calendar
The Hindu Calendar has
various systems of naming the months. The months in the lunar calendar are:
- Chaitra 三月雪月
- Vaishaakha 四月 佛诞月，无手月
- Jyaishtha
- Aashaadha
- Shraavana
- Bhaadrapada
- Aashvayuja
- Kaartika
- Maargashiirsha
- Pausha
- Maagha
- Phaalguna
These are also the
names used in the Indian national
calendar for the newly redefined months.
The names in the
solar calendar are just the names of the zodiac sign in which the sun
travels. They are
- Mesha
- Vrishabha
- Mithuna
- Kataka
- Simha
- Kanyaa
- Tulaa
- Vrishcika
- Dhanus
- Makara
- Kumbha
- Miina
[edit]
Tamil calendar
- Chitirai
- Vaikasi
- Aani
- Aadi
- Aavani
- Purratasi
- Aiypasi
- Kaarthigai
- Maargazhi
- Thai
- Maasi
- Panguni
[edit]
Sinhala calendar
The Sinhala calendar
is the Buddhist
calendar in Sri Lanka
with Sinhala
names. Each full moon Poya day
marks the start of a Buddhist lunar month.[4] The first month
is Vesak.[5] The
Sinhala and Tamil New Year Day is the start of the Hindu solar calendar
(usually 14 April), an event unrelated to the Bhuddist calendar.
- Vesak
- Poson
- Esala
- Nikini
- Binara
- Vap
- Il (iL)
- Unduvap
- Duruthu
- Navam
- Medin
- Bak
[edit]
Icelandic/Old Norse calendar
The old Icelandic
calendar is not in official use anymore, but some Icelandic holidays and
annual feasts are still calculated from it. It has 12 months, broken down into
two groups of six often termed "winter months" and "summer
months". The calendar is peculiar in that the months always start on the
same weekday rather than on
the same date. Hence Þorri
always starts on a Friday sometime between January 19 and January 25 (Old style: January 9 to
January 15), Góa
always starts on a Sunday between February 18 and February 24 (Old style: February 8 to
February 14).
- Gormánuður (mid October - mid November,
"slaughter month" or "Gór's month")
- Ýlir (mid November - mid
December, "Yule month")
- Mörsugur (mid December - mid January,
"fat sucking month")
- Þorri (mid January - mid February,
"frozen snow month")
- Góa (mid February - mid March,
"Góa's month, see Nór")
- Einmánuður (mid March - mid April,
"lone" or "single month")
- Náttleysi ("Nightless
days")
- Harpa (mid April - mid May, Harpa is a female name, probably a
forgotten goddess, first day of Harpa is celebrated as Sumardagurinn fyrsti - first day of
summer)
- Skerpla (mid May - mid June, another
forgotten goddess)
- Sólmánuður (mid June - mid July, "sun month")
- Heyannir (mid July - mid August,
"hay business month")
- Tvímánuður (mid August - mid September,
"two" or "second month")
- Haustmánuður (mid September - mid
October, "autumn month")
[edit]
Old English calendar
Like
the Old Norse calendar, the Anglo-Saxons had their own calendar before they were
Christianized which reflected native traditions and deities. These months were
attested by Bede in his
work On Chronology written in the 8th
Century [6]. His months are probably
those as written in the Northumbrian dialect of Old
English which he was familiar with.
The months were so named after the moon; the new
moonfull moon
occurring in the middle of the month, after which the month was named. marking the end of an old month and start of a new
month; the
- Æftera Geol monaþ (January, 'After Yule moon』
- Sol monaþ (February, 'Returning Sun
moon』
- Hreð monaþ (March, 'Moon of Hreða』)
- Eostur monaþ (April, 'Moon of Eostre』)
- Ðrimilce monaþ (May, 'Three milkings moon』)
- Ærra Liða monaþ (June, 'Before travelling
moon』)
- Æftera Liða monaþ (July, 'After travelling
moon』)
- Weod monaþ (August, 'Weed moon』)
- Halig monaþ (September, 'Holy moon』)
- Winter fylleð (October, 'Winter fullmoon』) (the start of winter began
at the fullmoon and is the origin of Halloween)
- Blot monaþ (November, 'Blót moon』)
- Ærra Geol monaþ (December, 'Before Yule moon')
[edit]
Old Hungarian calendar
Historically Hungary
used a 12-month calendar that appears to have been zodiacal in nature[7] but eventually
came to correspond to the Gregorian months as shown below[8]:
- Boldogasszony hava (January, 『month of the happy/blessed lady』)
- Böjtelő hava (February, 『month of early fasting/Lent』 or 『month before fasting/Lent』)
- Böjtmás hava (March, 『second month of fasting/Lent』)
- Szent György hava (April, 『St. George』s month)
- Pünkösd hava (May, 『Pentecost month』)
- Szent Iván hava (June, 『St. Ivan』s month』)
- Szent Jakab hava (July, 『St. James』 month』)
- Kisasszony hava (August, 『month of the young lady
[Blessed Virgin]』)
- Szent Mihály hava (September,
『St. Michael』s month』)
- Mindszent hava (October, 『all saints month』)
- Szent András hava (November, 『St. Andrew』s month』)
- Karácsony hava (December, 『month of Yule/Christmas』)
[edit]
Old Egyptian calendar
The ancient civil
Egyptian calendar had a year that was 365 days long and was divided into 12
months of 30 days each, plus 5 extra days (epagomenes) at the end of the year.
The months were divided into 3 "weeks" of ten days each. Because the
ancient Egyptian year was almost a quarter of a day shorter than the solar
year and stellar events "wandered" through the calendar, it is
referred to as Annus Vagus or "Wandering Year".
- Thout
- Paopi
- Hathor
- Koiak
- Tooba
- Emshir
- Paremhat
- Paremoude
- Pashons
- Paoni
- Epip
- Mesori
[edit]
Nisga'a calendar
The Nisga'a Calendar coincides
with the Gregorian Calendar with each month referring to the type of
Harvesting that is done during the month.[citation needed]
- K'aliiyee = Going North - referring to the Sun returning to its
usual place in the sky
- Buxwlaks = Needles Blowing
About - February is usually a very windy month in the Nass River Valley
- Xsaak = To Eat Oolichans -
Oolichans are harvested during this month
- Mmaal = Canoes - The river
has defrosted, hence canoes are used once more
- Yansa'alt = Leaves are
Blooming - Warm weather has arrived and leaves on the trees begin to
bloom
- Miso'o = Sockeye - majority
of Sockeye Salmon runs begin this month
- Maa'y = Berries - berry
picking season
- Wii Hoon = Great Salmon -
referring to the abundance of Salmon that are now running
- Genuugwwikw = Trail of the
Marmot - Marmots, Ermines and animals as such are hunted
- Xlaaxw = To Eat Trout - trout
are mostly eaten this time of year
- Gwilatkw = To Blanket - The
earth is "blanketed" with snow
- Luut'aa = Sit In - the Sun
"sits" in one spot for a period of time
Pasted
from <http://bbs.cantonese.asia/viewthread.php?tid=17273&pid=147645&page=1&extra=page%3D1#pid147645>
[
發表於 2009-8-5 13:13:37
