喺網度仲刮到啲粵語羅馬字資料

粵嚟粵掂 發表於 2007-12-16 18:57:11

<DIV id=header>
<DIV>
<H1>Yuetyue Lomaji </H1></DIV></DIV>
<DIV id=main>
<H2 class=date-header> </H2>
<H2 class=date-header>Wednesday, August 24, 2005</H2>
<DIV class=post><A name=112487221378101103></A>
<H3 class=post-title>Tòng Sī Süng Cì </H3>
 
 

<TABLE style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt" width=120 align=left>
<TBODY>
<TR>
<TD>tone </TD>
<TD>1</TD>
<TD>2</TD>
<TD>3</TD>
<TD>4</TD>
<TD>5</TD>
<TD>6</TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD>marker </TD>
<TD>ā</TD>
<TD>?</TD>
<TD>?</TD>
<TD>à</TD>
<TD>á</TD>
<TD>a</TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>

<DIV style="CLEAR: both"></DIV><A href="http://www.a3guo.com/ts/pic/p0283.jpg"></A>
<CENTER> </CENTER>
<CENTER> Wòng Hok Làu süng Maang Hou Yìn jī Gw?ng Lìng Gü yàn sāi cì Wòng Hok Làu, yīn fā sāam yuet ha Yèong Jāu. Gū fàan yúen yêng bīk hūng jeon, wài g?n Cèong Gōng tīn j?i làu. Mòu Tài Sēong g?n sì nàan bit yik nàan, dūng fūng mòu lik b?ak fā càan. Cēon càam d?u sêi sī fōng jeon, laap geoi sìng fūi leoi c? gōn. H?u g?ng daan sàu wàn b?n g?i, ye yàm yīng g?k yuet gwōng hòn. Fùng Lòi c? h?oi mòu dō lou, Cīng Níu yān kàn wai t?am h?n. Sêoi Diu Gō Tàu Mìng yuet gêi sì yáu, b? j?u man cīng tīn. Bāt jī tīn seong gūng küet, gām jik si hò nìn. Ngó yuk sìng fūng gwāi h?oi, yau h?ng kìng làu yuk yúe, gōu cüe bāt sīng hòn. Hêi móu lung cīng yêng, hò cí joi yàn gāan. Jüen jūe g?k, dāi y? wu, j?u mòu mìn. Bāt yīng yáu han, hò si cèong h?ong bit sì yùen. Yàn yáu bēi fūn lèi hap, yuet yáu yām cèng yùen küet, c? si g? nàan cùen. Daan yuen yàn cèong g?u, cīn léi gung sìn gūen. </CENTER>
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posted by Desmeyland @ <A title="permanent link" href="http://yuetyuelomaji.blogspot.com/2005/08/tng-s-sng-c.html">4:30 PM</A> <A class=comment-link href="http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=15079101&postID=112487221378101103" location.href="http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=15079101&postID=112487221378101103;">4 comments</A> <A title="Edit Post" style="BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=15079101&postID=112487221378101103"> </A> </DIV>
<H2 class=date-header>Saturday, August 13, 2005</H2><A name=112386860842341491></A>
<H3 class=post-title>Cēotb?an Jiyàu Pàaihàng B?ng </H3>
 
 

<TABLE style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt" width=120 align=left>
<TBODY>
<TR>
<TD>tone </TD>
<TD>1</TD>
<TD>2</TD>
<TD>3</TD>
<TD>4</TD>
<TD>5</TD>
<TD>6</TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD>marker </TD>
<TD>ā</TD>
<TD>?</TD>
<TD>?</TD>
<TD>à</TD>
<TD>á</TD>
<TD>a</TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>

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<DIV>
<DIV class=post> </DIV>
<DIV class=post>1. Fānlàan, Bīngd?u, Nòwāi, Hòlāan (Finland, Iceland, Norway, Netherlands) 5. Gānàdaai (Canada) 6. ?iyílàan (Ireland) 7. Dākgw?k, Pòutòungà, Seoid?n (Germany, Portugal, Sweden) 10. Dāanmaak (Denmark) 11. F?atgw?k (France) 12 ?ujāu, Bêileisì (Australia, Belgium) 14. Sīlokmànnèi? (Slovenia) 15. Gōsīdaatlàigā, Seoisi (Costa Rica, Switzerland) 17. Méigw?k (United States) 18. Hēongg?ng (Hong Kong) 19. Hēilaap (Greece) 20. ?akgwādōyí (Ecuador) </DIV>
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posted by Desmeyland @ <A title="permanent link" href="http://yuetyuelomaji.blogspot.com/2005/08/cotban-jiyu-paihng-bng.html">1:43 AM</A> <A class=comment-link href="http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=15079101&postID=112386860842341491" location.href="http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=15079101&postID=112386860842341491;">2 comments</A> <A title="Edit Post" style="BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=15079101&postID=112386860842341491"> </A> 
<H2 class=date-header>Friday, August 12, 2005</H2><A name=112383679955098946></A>
<H3 class=post-title>PixelToy </H3>
 
 

<TABLE style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt" width=120 align=left>
<TBODY>
<TR>
<TD>tone </TD>
<TD>1</TD>
<TD>2</TD>
<TD>3</TD>
<TD>4</TD>
<TD>5</TD>
<TD>6</TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD>marker </TD>
<TD>ā</TD>
<TD>?</TD>
<TD>?</TD>
<TD>à</TD>
<TD>á</TD>
<TD>a</TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>

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<DIV class=post> </DIV>
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<DIV class=post>Syllable-by-Syllable Version Y?n C?ong Jê: PixelToy Jūen Cāp Mìng Cīng: ?i - Fō Hok Yúe Yìn: Yuet Cēot B?n Sēong: Wà Naap 2005 Nìn 7 Yuet F?at Hòng G?an G?ai: Wòng Yiu Mìng g? duk laap yām ngok b?n pàai "Yàn Sāan Yàn H?i" g?i sìng gūng d? jou j? màn yìu j?u hap "at 17" jī hau, 2005 nìn j?i c? cēot gīk, dak bit tēoi j?n yàn h?i din wun yām ngok j?u hap "PixelToy". Yàu Hò Sāan (pīn kūk, gāam j?i), Wù Wing Sī (j?e yām, tìn cì) kwài s?u hap j?k, PixelToy dai 1 jēong cùen sān AVCD jūen cāp "?i - Fō Hok" g?u h?u g?u jo séong sí! Jūen cāp j?ng gung sāu luk j? 18 j?k kūk muk, bāau küt 4 j?k MV tùng 14 j?k jīng c?i gō kūk. Tēoi j?n gō kūk "C?en Yāt H?u H?i" hai yāt s?u cùen sān nàam si wu fū b?n pàai gw?ng g?u j?i j?k dak cāp yām ngok. <A href="http://lyric.musichk.org/cdpic/pixeltoy1.jpg"></A> Word-by-Word Version Y?nc?ongjê: PixelToy Jūencāp Mìngcīng: ?i - Fōhok Yúeyìn: Yuet Cēotb?nsēong: Wà Naap 2005 Nìn 7 Yuet F?athòng G?ang?ai: Wòng Yiumìng g? duklaap yāmngok b?npàai "Yànsāanyành?i" g?i sìnggūng d?jou j? mànyìu j?uhap "at 17" jīhau, 2005 nìn j?ic? cēotgīk, dakbit tēoij?n yành?i dinwun yāmngok j?uhap "PixelToy". Yàu Hòsāan (pīnkūk, gāamj?i), Wù Wingsī (j?eyām, tìn cì) kwàis?u hapj?k, PixelToy dai 1 jēong cùensān AVCD jūencāp "?i - Fōhok" g?uh?u g?ujo séongsí! Jūencāp j?nggung sāuluk j? 18 j?k kūkmuk, bāauküt 4 j?k MV tùng 14 j?k jīngc?i gōkūk. Tēoij?n gōkūk "C?en Yāt H?u H?i" hai yāt s?u cùensān nàamsi wu fū b?npàai gw?ngg?u j?ij?k dakcāp yāmngok. </DIV>
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posted by Desmeyland @ <A title="permanent link" href="http://yuetyuelomaji.blogspot.com/2005/08/pixeltoy.html">4:53 PM</A> <A class=comment-link href="http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=15079101&postID=112383679955098946" location.href="http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=15079101&postID=112383679955098946;">1 comments</A> <A title="Edit Post" style="BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=15079101&postID=112383679955098946"> </A> 
 <A name=112381790355466718></A>
<H3 class=post-title>Cantonese Google in Yuetyúe Lòmáji </H3>
 
 

<TABLE style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt" width=120 align=left>
<TBODY>
<TR>
<TD>tone </TD>
<TD>1</TD>
<TD>2</TD>
<TD>3</TD>
<TD>4</TD>
<TD>5</TD>
<TD>6</TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD>marker </TD>
<TD>ā</TD>
<TD>?</TD>
<TD>?</TD>
<TD>à</TD>
<TD>á</TD>
<TD>a</TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>

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<DIV><A href="http://www.cantonese.asia/engines/google/ct-YL/">
<DIV class=post> </DIV>
<DIV class=post align=center>http://www.cantonese.asia/engines/google/ct-YL/</DIV></A>
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posted by Desmeyland @ <A title="permanent link" href="http://yuetyuelomaji.blogspot.com/2005/08/cantonese-google-in-yuetye-lmji.html">11:36 AM</A> <A class=comment-link href="http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=15079101&postID=112381790355466718" location.href="http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=15079101&postID=112381790355466718;">0 comments</A> <A title="Edit Post" style="BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=15079101&postID=112381790355466718"> </A> 
 
<H2 class=date-header>Friday, August 05, 2005</H2>
<DIV class=post><A name=112317940529268158></A>
<H3 class=post-title>Dūnggīng 5 Tīn Jijo Yàu Hàngcìng </H3>
 
 

<TABLE style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt" width=120 align=left>
<TBODY>
<TR>
<TD>tone </TD>
<TD>1</TD>
<TD>2</TD>
<TD>3</TD>
<TD>4</TD>
<TD>5</TD>
<TD>6</TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD>marker </TD>
<TD>ā</TD>
<TD>?</TD>
<TD>?</TD>
<TD>à</TD>
<TD>á</TD>
<TD>a</TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>

<DIV style="CLEAR: both"></DIV><A href="http://travel.zaobao.com/spore/images/annex060500.jpg"></A> Dai 1 Yat Hēongg?ng > Dūnggīng Jīutàuj?u 8:30 gēi, jūngńg 13:55 h?oid?u Dūnggīng Sìngtìn Gēicèong. Check-in jīhau h?yí s?iwài h? há, haj?u jīk d?u Yùensūk Beams Gāai shopping, yemáan h?oi Yétìnngàam t?an n?ns?u maanyùe faan. Dai 2 Yat Dōu hai Dūnggīng Jeon w?an Dūnggīng Diksinèi Lokyùen, g?u sìg?an g?wa h?yí j?i j?n Diksinèi H?iyèong, gēib?nseong sēoiy?u sèng yat, yemáan h?yí h?oi Cùngūk s? ngàuyuk faan máansin. Dai 3 Yat G?ijuk Dūnggīng Sànj?u hêisān h?oi Sausīdaai sik j?oi sānsīn sausī, jūngńg sìgāan f?n yāt f?n ?anj?u g?au, jīhau h?yí h?oi gāsī p?u hhstyle.com hàang háa. Dai 4 Yat Sêis?u Dūnggīng T?u jūk jīngsàn yìngj?p fāf? daaiw?i, h?yí sīn h?oi Yùetìncūen fāf? daaiw?i fugan g? Cùngmuk sēongd?m, máai s?u yīnfā w?an jue sīn, j?i h?oi C?nc?u jaam cìn kìu bīn b? w?i. Fāf? daaiw?i jīhau hêoi Aprecio yau w?an yau f?n, lìn j?ud?m c?n dōu hāan màai. Dai 5 Yat Dūnggīng > Hēongg?ng Làm j?u cìn h?oi FLAGS j?k j?oi hau cūngc?, jīhau có ngāaimāan 18:30 gēi fāan Hēongg?ng, daaik?i 21:55 fāan d?u.
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posted by Desmeyland @ <A title="permanent link" href="http://yuetyuelomaji.blogspot.com/2005/08/dnggng-5-tn-jijo-yu-hngcng.html">2:16 AM</A> <A class=comment-link href="http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=15079101&postID=112317940529268158" location.href="http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=15079101&postID=112317940529268158;">8 comments</A> <A title="Edit Post" style="BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=15079101&postID=112317940529268158"> </A> 
 
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<H2 class=date-header>Thursday, August 04, 2005</H2><A name=112312986523354604></A>
<H3 class=post-title>Yuetyúe Lòmáji g? Bīu Diu Fùh?u </H3>
 
 

<TABLE style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt" width=120 align=left>
<TBODY>
<TR>
<TD>tone </TD>
<TD>1</TD>
<TD>2</TD>
<TD>3</TD>
<TD>4</TD>
<TD>5</TD>
<TD>6</TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD>marker </TD>
<TD>ā</TD>
<TD>?</TD>
<TD>?</TD>
<TD>à</TD>
<TD>á</TD>
<TD>a</TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>

<DIV class=post style="CLEAR: both"></DIV></DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV class=post> </DIV>
<DIV class=post> </DIV>
<DIV class=post>Yuetyúe Lòmáji g? bīu diu fùh?u Sīngdiu 1: ā ē ī ō ū Sīngdiu 2: ? ê ? ? ? Sīngdiu 3: ? ? ? ? ü Sīngdiu 4: à è ì ò ù ? Sīngdiu 5: á é í ó ú ń Sīngdiu 6: a e i o u n</DIV>
<DIV class=post> Bīu diu fùh?u g? g?iyīkseot Yuetyúe 6 g? sīngdiu g? süetmìngtòu </DIV><A href="http://input.foruto.com/ocj/yuetyuelomaji/tonediagram.gif"></A>
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posted by Desmeyland @ <A title="permanent link" href="http://yuetyuelomaji.blogspot.com/2005/08/yuetye-lmji-g-bu-diu-fhu.html">12:30 PM</A> <A class=comment-link href="http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=15079101&postID=112312986523354604" location.href="http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=15079101&postID=112312986523354604;">2 comments</A> <A title="Edit Post" style="BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=15079101&postID=112312986523354604"> </A> 
 
 
<DIV class=post><A name=112309008331753255></A>
<H3 class=post-title>Bākfūng tùng T?aiyèong </H3>
 
 

<TABLE style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt" width=120 align=left>
<TBODY>
<TR>
<TD>tone </TD>
<TD>1</TD>
<TD>2</TD>
<TD>3</TD>
<TD>4</TD>
<TD>5</TD>
<TD>6</TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD>marker </TD>
<TD>ā</TD>
<TD>?</TD>
<TD>?</TD>
<TD>à</TD>
<TD>á</TD>
<TD>a</TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>

<DIV style="CLEAR: both"></DIV><A href="http://www.stainedglassnews.co.uk/imagestemp/cappythompson.jpg"></A> Yáuyātc?, bākfūng tùng t?aiyèong h?idou ?aug?n bīng? lēkdī. Kéoidei āamāam t?id?u yáu g? yàn hàanggw?, nēig? yàn j?okjue gin daailāu. Kéoidei jau wa lak, bīng? h?yí j?ngd?u nēig? yàn cèoij? gin lāu nē, jau süen bīng? lēkdī lak. Yūesi, bākfūng jau b?kmengg?m cēoi. D?mjī, kéoi yuet cēoidāk sāilei, g?g? yàn jau yuet hai n?sat gin lāu. J?oihau, bākfūng móu s?ai fù, wàiyáu f?ngh?i. Gānjue, t?aiyèong cēotlèi s?aij? yātjan, g?g? yàn jau jīkhāk cèoij? gin lāu lak. Yūesi, bākfūng wàiyáu y?ngsūe lā.
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posted by Desmeyland @ <A title="permanent link" href="http://yuetyuelomaji.blogspot.com/2005/08/bkfng-tng-taiyong.html">1:27 AM</A> <A class=comment-link href="http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=15079101&postID=112309008331753255" location.href="http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=15079101&postID=112309008331753255;">11 comments</A> <A title="Edit Post" style="BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=15079101&postID=112309008331753255"> </A> 
 
 </DIV></DIV>
Yuetyúe Lòmáji is a Romanization system used to write Cantonese in Roman letters. The aim is to standardize spoken Cantonese from the status of a vernacular to that of a literary language. Traditionally Cantonese is written using Chinese characters. But it was decided to use Yuetyúe Lòmáji rather than Chinese characters to promote Cantonese learning. Yuetyúe Lòmáji is slightly modified from Yale Romanization, the current most widely accepted system for Cantonese Romanization.
 
 
<H2 class=sidebar-title>Disclaimer</H2>
Yuetyúe Lòmáji is not an established Cantonese script.
<H2 class=sidebar-title>Links</H2>
 
<DIV>
<UL>
<LI><A href="http://www.cantonese.asia/">Cantonese Association</A>
<LI><A href="http://input.foruto.com/ocj/yuetyuelomaji/">Learn Yuetyúe Lòmáji</A>
<LI><A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuetyue_Lomaji">Yuetyue Lomaji in Wikipedia</A> </LI></UL></DIV>
 
<H2 class=sidebar-title>Previous Posts</H2>
<UL id=recently>
<LI><A href="http://yuetyuelomaji.blogspot.com/2005/08/tng-s-sng-c.html">Tòng Sī Süng Cì</A>
<LI><A href="http://yuetyuelomaji.blogspot.com/2005/08/cotban-jiyu-paihng-bng.html">Cēotb?an Jiyàu Pàaihàng B?ng</A>
<LI><A href="http://yuetyuelomaji.blogspot.com/2005/08/pixeltoy.html">PixelToy</A>
<LI><A href="http://yuetyuelomaji.blogspot.com/2005/08/cantonese-google-in-yuetye-lmji.html">Cantonese Google in Yuetyúe Lòmáji</A>
<LI><A href="http://yuetyuelomaji.blogspot.com/2005/08/dnggng-5-tn-jijo-yu-hngcng.html">Dūnggīng 5 Tīn Jijo Yàu Hàngcìng</A>
<LI><A href="http://yuetyuelomaji.blogspot.com/2005/08/yuetye-lmji-g-bu-diu-fhu.html">Yuetyúe Lòmáji g? Bīu Diu Fùh?u</A>
<LI><A href="http://yuetyuelomaji.blogspot.com/2005/08/bkfng-tng-taiyong.html">Bākfūng tùng T?aiyèong</A> </LI></UL>
<H2 class=sidebar-title> </H2>
<H2 class=sidebar-title>Archives</H2>
<UL class=archive-list>
<LI><A href="http://yuetyuelomaji.blogspot.com/2005_08_01_archive.html">August 2005</A> </LI></UL>
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[ 本帖最後由粵嚟粵掂III 於 2007-12-16 19:36 編輯 ]

粵嚟粵掂 發表於 2007-12-16 18:59:48

裡頭我最感興趣嘅就係聲調嘅標法
 
 
<H3 class=post-title>Yuetyúe Lòmáji g? Bīu Diu Fùh?u </H3>
 

<TABLE style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt" width=120 align=left>
<TBODY>
<TR>
<TD>tone </TD>
<TD>1</TD>
<TD>2</TD>
<TD>3</TD>
<TD>4</TD>
<TD>5</TD>
<TD>6</TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD>marker </TD>
<TD>ā</TD>
<TD>?</TD>
<TD>?</TD>
<TD>à</TD>
<TD>á</TD>
<TD>a</TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>

<DIV class=post style="CLEAR: both"></DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV class=post> </DIV>
<DIV class=post>Yuetyúe Lòmáji g? bīu diu fùh?u Sīngdiu 1: ā ē ī ō ū Sīngdiu 2: ? ê ? ? ? Sīngdiu 3: ? ? ? ? ü Sīngdiu 4: à è ì ò ù ? Sīngdiu 5: á é í ó ú ń Sīngdiu 6: a e i o u n</DIV>
<DIV class=post> </DIV></DIV>

粵嚟粵掂 發表於 2007-12-16 19:30:46

<H3>Cantonese Tones</H3>
 
 
Tones are related to music. When you say 「do re mi fa so la ti do」, the tone rises each word up. In Chinese languages like Cantonese, tones are important in conveying meaning. <A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandarin_(linguistics)" target=_blank>Mandarin</A> has 4 tones, <A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghainese" target=_blank>Shanghainese</A> has 5 and Teochew 6. Cantonese has 6 tones. If you think that is a lot, it is really not. It is actually easy for intuitive Cantonese speakers. It many help to envision these tones drawn out in a diagram. The white horizontal lines show pitch levels, while the blue lines show tones.
 
In representing the tones, the accent mark of each tone is placed above the very first vowel letter in a word, e.g. <A href="http://www.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/Canton/sound/seoi2.wav">sêoi</A> 水 (water), <A href="http://www.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/Canton/sound/haang4.wav">hàang</A> 行 (to walk), <A href="http://www.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/Canton/sound/gwai3.wav">gw?i</A> 貴 (expensive), <A href="http://www.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/Canton/sound/goek3.wav">g?ok</A> 腳 (foot). Pronounce a word listed next to each tone and then look at the corresponding tone diagram.
 

<TABLE id=AutoNumber1 style="BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse" borderColor=#111111 cellSpacing=0 borderColorDark=#ffffff cellPadding=0 width="100%" borderColorLight=#ffffff border=1>
<TBODY>
<TR>
<TD align=middle width="10%">Tone</TD>
<TD align=middle width="10%">Mark</TD>
<TD align=middle width="16%">Contour</TD>
<TD width="24%"> Pitch Level</TD>
<TD width="20%"> Fu</TD>
<TD width="20%"> Si</TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD align=middle width="10%">1</TD>
<TD align=middle width="10%">ā</TD>
<TD align=middle width="16%">Level</TD>
<TD width="24%"> High (5-5)</TD>
<TD width="20%"> <A href="http://www.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/Canton/sound/fu1.wav">fū</A> 夫 (husband)</TD>
<TD width="20%"> <A href="http://www.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/Canton/sound/si1.wav">sī</A> 詩 (poem)</TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD align=middle width="10%">2</TD>
<TD align=middle width="10%">?</TD>
<TD align=middle width="16%">Rising</TD>
<TD width="24%"> Mid to High (3-5)</TD>
<TD width="20%"> <A href="http://www.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/Canton/sound/fu2.wav">f?</A> 苦 (bitter)</TD>
<TD width="20%"> <A href="http://www.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/Canton/sound/si2.wav">s?</A> 史 (history)</TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD align=middle width="10%">3</TD>
<TD align=middle width="10%">?</TD>
<TD align=middle width="16%">Level</TD>
<TD width="24%"> Mid (3-3)</TD>
<TD width="20%"> <A href="http://www.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/Canton/sound/fu3.wav">fü</A> 富 (rich)</TD>
<TD width="20%"> <A href="http://www.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/Canton/sound/si3.wav">s?</A> 試 (to try)</TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD align=middle width="10%">4</TD>
<TD align=middle width="10%">à</TD>
<TD align=middle width="16%">Falling</TD>
<TD width="24%"> Low-Mid to Low (2-1)</TD>
<TD width="20%"> <A href="http://www.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/Canton/sound/fu4.wav">fù</A> 扶 (to lean)</TD>
<TD width="20%"> <A href="http://www.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/Canton/sound/si4.wav">sì</A> 時 (time)</TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD align=middle width="10%">5</TD>
<TD align=middle width="10%">á</TD>
<TD align=middle width="16%">Rising</TD>
<TD width="24%"> Low to Mid (1-3)</TD>
<TD width="20%"> <A href="http://www.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/Canton/sound/fu5.wav">fú</A> 婦 (woman)</TD>
<TD width="20%"> <A href="http://www.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/Canton/sound/si5.wav">sí</A> 市 (city)</TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD align=middle width="10%">6</TD>
<TD align=middle width="10%">a</TD>
<TD align=middle width="16%">Level</TD>
<TD width="24%"> Low-Mid (2-2)</TD>
<TD width="20%"> <A href="http://www.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/Canton/sound/fu6.wav">fu</A> 父 (father)</TD>
<TD width="20%">
 <A href="http://www.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/Canton/sound/si6.wav">si</A> 事 (event)</TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>
 
Here are two examples to give you a clear idea of the differences between the 6 tones:
 
<A href="http://input.foruto.com/ocj/yuetyuelomaji/audio/fu123456.wav">fū, f?, fü, fù, fú, fu</A>
 夫 (husband), 苦 (bitter), 富 (rich), 扶 (to lean), 婦 (woman), 父 (father)
 <A href="http://input.foruto.com/ocj/yuetyuelomaji/audio/si123456.wav">sī, s?, s?, sì, sí, si</A>
 詩 (poem), 史 (history), 試 (to try), 時 (time), 市 (city), 事 (event)
 
<H4>Tone Mark Mnemonics</H4>
The following mnemonics should help create visual associations between the tones and accent marks.
 
 
 
 

[ 本帖最後由粵嚟粵掂III 於 2007-12-16 19:32 編輯 ]

desmond 發表於 2007-12-16 20:58:26

粵語羅馬字係我兩年前對粵文羅馬化嘅探討。你同芬對粵語羅馬字有咩意見呢？
粵語羅馬字嘅設計定位係貼近英文拼寫規則同埋現有香港坊間粵音拼法。
 
以下係粵語羅馬字嘅拼寫方法介紹網頁︰
<A href="http://input.foruto.com/ocj/yuetyuelomaji/">http://input.foruto.com/ocj/yuetyuelomaji/</A>
 
粵語羅馬字示範文章︰
<A href="http://yuetyuelomaji.blogspot.com/">http://yuetyuelomaji.blogspot.com/</A>

desmond 發表於 2007-12-16 21:27:03

以詞為單位︰
 
Cùenkàu Wàyàn gung g?n, j?oidaai Yuetyúe móngjaam.
 
以字為單位︰
 
Cùen kàu Wà Yàn gung g?n, j?oi daai Yuet Yúe móng jaam.

[ 本帖最後由 desmond 於 2007-12-16 21:29 編輯 ]

芬1012 發表於 2007-12-16 21:36:14

我就主張用而家已經有嘅字母：
 
好處：
 
1、符合書寫習慣，手寫嘅時候比較快
 
2、唔使改電腦
 
3、唔使 upgrade 手機，其它電子設備都可以隨時使用
 
弊處：
 
如果要分清楚每一個單詞（多數都係單音詞），就有可能要喺后便加 1 個或者 2 個字母嚟區分。

芬1012 發表於 2007-12-16 21:47:13

英文單詞係冇標明聲調嘅，都係靠音標（當然，漢字都冇標明聲調）
 
假如我哋都以詞為單位嘅話，喺確定唔會出現同音詞，又或者即使出現同音詞，都唔會令到成個句嘅意思混淆嘅話，都唔標明聲調。

粵嚟粵掂 發表於 2007-12-16 22:57:07

原帖由 desmond 於 2007-12-16 20:58 發表 <A href="http://bbs.cantonese.asia/redirect.php?goto=findpost&pid=67907&ptid=9094" target=_blank><IMG onclick=zoom(this) alt="" src="http://bbs.cantonese.asia/images/common/back.gif" onload="attachimg(this, 'load')" border=0></A> 粵語羅馬字係我兩年前對粵文羅馬化嘅探討。你同芬對粵語羅馬字有咩意見呢？粵語羅馬字嘅設計定位係貼近英文拼寫規則同埋現有香港坊間粵音拼法。   以下係粵語羅馬字嘅拼寫方法介紹網頁︰ http://input.foruto.com/ ... 
 
我同芬記都支持粵文全面拉丁化（羅馬化）！
 
理由好簡單：全面同中國傳統嘅漢文書寫拉開距離！噉樣做嘅目的唔使我講喇。
 
我對粵文拉丁化嘅觀點係：以香港語言學學會嘅粵拼方案為藍本，對粵文進行全面徹底嘅拉丁化（羅馬化）。
 
點解要揀香港語言學學會嘅粵拼版本？除咗佢喺坊間流傳廣泛，現實層面使用率高之外，最重要嘅因素仲係呢個版本嘅粵拼韻母好「干淨」，冇任何特殊符號喺上高，噉好重要，因為啲特殊符號可以用嚟專一噉標示聲調！
 
聲調嘅標示方法係粵文拉丁化嘅難點嚟，不過可以參照國外粵人前兩年嘅研究成果：
 
 

<TABLE style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt" width=120 align=left>
<TBODY>
<TR>
<TD>tone </TD>
<TD>1</TD>
<TD>2</TD>
<TD>3</TD>
<TD>4</TD>
<TD>5</TD>
<TD>6</TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD>marker  </TD>
<TD>ā</TD>
<TD>?</TD>
<TD>?</TD>
<TD>à</TD>
<TD>á</TD>
<TD>a</TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
又或者，參照越南文嘅做法（越南語同我哋粵語親緣好近，佢都係六聲調嘅），用 a à   ? á   嚟替代 1 2 3 4 5 6 調。
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

[ 本帖最後由粵嚟粵掂III 於 2007-12-16 23:11 編輯 ]

粵嚟粵掂 發表於 2007-12-16 23:26:05

<TABLE border=1>
<TBODY>
<TR>
<TD>序号</TD>
<TD>越南语名称</TD>
<TD>汉译名称</TD>
<TD>汉越语对应中古汉语声调</TD>
<TD><A class=new title=声调值 href="http://wuu.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E5%A3%B0%E8%B0%83%E5%80%BC&action=edit">调值</A>描述</TD>
<TD>例字</TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD>1</TD>
<TD>ngang</TD>
<TD>平声（阴平）</TD>
<TD>清平、次浊平</TD>
<TD>44，平，长，类似<A class=new title=普通话 href="http://wuu.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E6%99%AE%E9%80%9A%E8%AF%9D&action=edit">普通话</A>阴平声</TD>
<TD>ma</TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD>2</TD>
<TD>huy?n</TD>
<TD>玄声（阳平）</TD>
<TD>全浊平</TD>
<TD>31，中降，长，类似普通话去声</TD>
<TD>mà</TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD>3</TD>
<TD>h?i</TD>
<TD>问声（阴上）</TD>
<TD>清上</TD>
<TD>21(4)，低降或低降后升，长，紧喉，类似普通话上声</TD>
<TD>m?</TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD>4</TD>
<TD>ng?</TD>
<TD>跌声（阳上）</TD>
<TD>部分浊上</TD>
<TD>32/4，中，紧喉且中断</TD>
<TD>m?</TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD>5</TD>
<TD>s?c</TD>
<TD>锐声（阴去、阴入）</TD>
<TD>清去、清入</TD>
<TD>45，高升，短</TD>
<TD>má</TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD>6</TD>
<TD>n?ng</TD>
<TD>重声（阳去、阳入）</TD>
<TD>浊去、部分浊上、浊入</TD>
<TD>21，低降，短</TD>
<TD>m?</TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>
 
 
喺粵語裡頭：1陰平 2陰上 3陰去 4陽平 5陽上 6陽去
 
喺越南語裡頭：1陰平 2陽平 3陰上 4陽上 5陰去 6陽去
 
兩者 1 2 3 4 5 6 調嘅定義係唔同嘅。
 
粵語第1調等同於越南語第1調
 
粵語第2調等同於越南語第3調
 
粵語第3調等同於越南語第5調
 
粵語第4調等同於越南語第2調
 
粵語第5調等同於越南語第4調
 
粵語第6調等同於越南語第6調

粵嚟粵掂 發表於 2007-12-16 23:35:15

至於標調嘅部位，係喺 a e i o u 五個元音字母嘅頭殼頂，標調嘅次序係 a > e > i > o > u 。

粵嚟粵掂 發表於 2007-12-16 23:47:50

對於粵文嘅拉丁化，我嘅觀點係傾向於借鑒越南文。畢竟越南文有著過百年嘅歷史兼且羅馬字體系成熟，當代臺語文嘅拉丁化都要以越南文為楷模。
 
越南文係以字為單位撰寫嘅，我都傾向於以字為單位，逐字書寫。

粵嚟粵掂 發表於 2007-12-16 23:50:04

另外，對於字首大寫嘅問題，可以參照越南文嘅解決方案：
 
----------------------------------------------------------
 
 
Quy t?c vi?t hoa và vi?t hoa danh t? riêng <?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p>
<o:p> </o:p>
越語大寫字母和專有名詞的大寫用法規則：
<o:p></o:p> 
<o:p> </o:p>
<o:p></o:p>
Quy t?c vi?t hoa：<o:p></o:p>
<o:p> </o:p>
<o:p> </o:p>
<o:p></o:p>
1）每個句子的第一個音節的頭一個字母要大寫。<o:p></o:p>
<o:p> </o:p>
-Chào bác ! Bác ?i ??u ?<o:p></o:p>
<o:p> </o:p>
-??o này t?i kh?ng b?n .T?i ??nh v? nhà <o:p></o:p>
<o:p> </o:p>
2）在對話體中，每個句子的第一個音節的頭一個字母要大寫。<o:p></o:p>
<o:p> </o:p>
例句：<o:p></o:p>
<o:p> </o:p>
-M?i anh ng?i !<o:p></o:p>
<o:p> </o:p>
-V?ng .<o:p></o:p>
<o:p> </o:p>
3）引句中句首的第一個音節的頭一個字母要大寫。<o:p></o:p>
<o:p> </o:p>
例句：<o:p></o:p>
<o:p> </o:p>
-Anh nói : 「C?m ?n Ch?!」<o:p></o:p>
<o:p> </o:p>
-C? giáo h?i : 「Các anh ch? có kh?e kh?ng？<o:p></o:p>
<o:p> </o:p>
4）每句詩的句首的第一個音節的頭一個字母要大寫。<o:p></o:p>
<o:p> </o:p>
例句：<o:p></o:p>
<o:p> </o:p>
Tr?m n?m trong c?i ng??i ta ,<o:p></o:p>
<o:p> </o:p>
Ch? tài ch? m?nh khéo là ghét nhau .<o:p></o:p>
<o:p> </o:p>
Tr?i qua m?t cu?c b? d?u,<o:p></o:p>
<o:p> </o:p>
Nh?ng ?i?u tr?ng th?y mà ?au ??n lòng .<o:p></o:p>
<o:p> </o:p>
L? gì b? s?c t? phong ,<o:p></o:p>
<o:p> </o:p>
Tr?i xanh quen thói má h?ng ?ánh ghen .<o:p></o:p>
<o:p> </o:p>
Quy t?c vi?t hoa danh t? riêng :<o:p></o:p>
<o:p> </o:p>
1）越南的人名、地名或用漢越音譯寫的人名、地名，每個音節的頭一個字母要大寫。<o:p></o:p>
<o:p> </o:p>
例句：<o:p></o:p>
<o:p> </o:p>
-H? Chí Minh .<o:p></o:p>
<o:p> </o:p>
-Vi?t Nam <o:p></o:p>
<o:p> </o:p>
-Mao Tr?ch ??ng <o:p></o:p>
<o:p> </o:p>
-B ?c Kinh <o:p></o:p>
<o:p> </o:p>
2）直接音譯的人名、地名，如果是單音節，則音節的頭一個字母要大寫。<o:p></o:p>
<o:p> </o:p>
例如：<o:p></o:p>
<o:p> </o:p>
-B? （比利時）<o:p></o:p>
<o:p> </o:p>
-Viên （維也納）<o:p></o:p>
<o:p> </o:p>
-Ch? Mai（阿梅姐）<o:p></o:p>
<o:p> </o:p>
如果人名、地名是多音節，則第一個音節的頭一個字母要大寫，每個音節之間可用短連接號「—」連接，也可以不用短連接號。<o:p></o:p>
<o:p> </o:p>
<o:p></o:p>
<o:p> </o:p>
例如：<o:p></o:p>
<o:p> </o:p>
-Mianma（緬甸）<o:p></o:p>
<o:p> </o:p>
- Mi-an-ma（緬甸）<o:p></o:p>
<o:p> </o:p>
- ?ng Clint?n （克林頓）<o:p></o:p>
<o:p> </o:p>
- ?ng Clin-t?n（克林頓）<o:p></o:p>
<o:p> </o:p>
如果是人名或地名包括幾部分，則每個部分的第一個音節的頭一個字母要大寫，每個部分之間不用短連接號。：<o:p></o:p>
<o:p> </o:p>
例如：<o:p></o:p>
<o:p> </o:p>
-Bà Ma –ga-rét Thát- tr? （瑪格麗特.撒切爾）<o:p></o:p>
<o:p> </o:p>
-Niu ?ê-li （新得裏）<o:p></o:p>
<o:p> </o:p>
<o:p></o:p>
<o:p> </o:p>
3）各種組織、機構名稱的第一個音節的頭一個字母要大寫。<o:p></o:p>
<o:p> </o:p>
例如：-H?i ph?t giáo <o:p></o:p>
<o:p> </o:p>
<o:p> </o:p>
<o:p> </o:p>
有的組織、機構名稱，除了第一個音節的某一個字母要大寫，其中的複合詞的第一個音節的頭一個字母也要大寫，以表示正規、莊重。<o:p></o:p>
<o:p> </o:p>
例如：<o:p></o:p>
<o:p> </o:p>
- ??ng C?ng s?n Vi?t Nam<o:p></o:p>
<o:p> </o:p>
-N??c C?ng hòa X? h?i ch? ngh?a Vi?t <?xml:namespace prefix = st1 ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" /><st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Nam</st1:place></st1:country-region> <o:p></o:p>
<o:p> </o:p>
<o:p> </o:p>
<o:p> </o:p>
4）書籍、報刊、雜誌、文件名稱的寫法，沒有統一的規定。一般來講，第一個音節的頭一個字母大寫，也可以每個音節的頭一個字母大寫，或者每個字母都大寫。<o:p></o:p>
<o:p> </o:p>
例如：<o:p></o:p>
<o:p> </o:p>
-Ng? pháp ti?ng Vi?t <o:p></o:p>
<o:p> </o:p>
-T? ?i ?n Vi?t Hán <o:p></o:p>
<o:p> </o:p>
-Non N??c Vi?t <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Nam</st1:place></st1:country-region> <o:p></o:p>
<o:p> </o:p>
-Báo Nh?n D?n <o:p></o:p>
<o:p> </o:p>
-T? ?I?N H?N VI?T <o:p></o:p>
<o:p> </o:p>
文件名稱的每個字母常常用正規的大寫字母。<o:p></o:p>
<o:p> </o:p>
例如：<o:p></o:p>
<o:p> </o:p>
TH?NG T? S? … <o:p></o:p>
<o:p> </o:p>
V? DUY?T K? HO?CH …<o:p></o:p>
<o:p> </o:p>
-B?O C?O CH?NH TR? …
<o:p></o:p> 
<o:p> </o:p>
5）用人名、地名、朝代……作為書名字時，人名、地名、朝代要大寫。<o:p></o:p>
<o:p> </o:p>
例如：<o:p></o:p>
<o:p> </o:p>
-H? Chí Minh toàn t?p 《胡志明全集》<o:p></o:p>
<o:p> </o:p>
-H?u Hán Th? 《後漢書》<o:p></o:p>
<o:p> </o:p>
-Tam Qu?c Chí 《三國志》<o:p></o:p>
<o:p> </o:p>
-Ngh? An Chí 《義安志》
<o:p></o:p> 
<o:p> </o:p>
6）當句子中出現書名時要用引號，書名第一個音節的頭一個字母要大寫。<o:p></o:p>
<o:p> </o:p>
例如：<o:p></o:p>
<o:p> </o:p>
-Trong tác ph ?m 「Ng??i m? 」c?a Goóc –ki…(在高爾基的《母親》這部作品中……)
<o:p></o:p> 
<o:p> </o:p>
7）需要強調句中的某個詞時，其第一個音節的頭一個字母要大寫。<o:p></o:p>
<o:p> </o:p>
<o:p></o:p>
<o:p> </o:p>
例如：<o:p></o:p>
<o:p> </o:p>
-Ta nh? m?i tên Ng??i <o:p></o:p>
<o:p> </o:p>
-Bàn tay con n?m tay M? <o:p></o:p>
<o:p> </o:p>
<o:p> </o:p><o:p> </o:p>
8）在單位之間的正常往來函件中，無論處於文中任何位置，當稱呼對方單位時對方單位名稱的第一個字母要大寫，而且還要在之前加一個字「貴」Qu?，該Qu?字的第一字母也要大寫，以示尊重。<o:p></o:p>
<o:p> </o:p><o:p> </o:p>
<o:p> </o:p>
舉幾個例：<o:p></o:p>
<o:p> </o:p>
...theo yêu c?u c?a Qu? C?ng ty, ... <o:p></o:p>
<o:p> </o:p>
..., xin ch?n thành c?m ?n Qu? Trung t?m...<o:p></o:p>
<o:p> </o:p>
Mong s?m nh?n ???c ? ki?n c?a Qu? Ban...<o:p></o:p>
<o:p> </o:p>
<o:p></o:p>

粵嚟粵掂 發表於 2007-12-31 13:42:45

<H3>Disclaimer</H3>
 
Yuetyúe Lòmáji is not an established Cantonese script.
 
 
<H3>What is Yuetyúe Lòmáji?</H3>
 
Yuetyúe Lòmáji is a Romanization system used to write Cantonese in Roman letters. The aim is to standardize spoken Cantonese from the status of a vernacular to that of a literary language. Traditionally Cantonese is written using standard Chinese characters plus about <A href="http://www.omniglot.com/writing/cantonese.htm" target=_blank>100 extra characters</A>, which have been invented to represent sounds which do not occur in Mandarin. But it was decided to use Yuetyúe Lòmáji rather than Chinese characters to promote Cantonese learning among the young generation mainly living in English-speaking countries. Yuetyúe Lòmáji is slightly modified from <A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yale_Romanization" target=_blank>Yale Romanization</A>, the current most widely accepted system for Cantonese Romanization.
 
 
<H3>Guide to Yuetyúe Lòmáji</H3>
 
 
<H3>1. Introduction</H3>
 
Yuetyúe Lòmáji is based on features of the following schemes: Yale Romanization, Jyutping, Hong Kong ** Romanization, and Penkyamp. Below is a full explanation of all the letters used in Yuetyúe Lòmáji. It is recommended that you use this guide as a reference whenever writing in Yuetyúe Lòmáji. 
 
<H3>2. The Yuetyúe Lòmáji Alphabet</H3>
 
The key to understanding Yuetyúe Lòmáji is that each letter or each group of letters represents only one particular sound. In English, a letter can represent many different sounds, for example: The vowel sounds in "bear", "lair", "care" are all the same, despite the fact that they are all spelt with different vowel letters. Also, the "a" in "cat", is definitely not the same sound as the "a" in "far", or "share". In Yuetyúe Lòmáji, each letter or each group of letters stands for one sound only. Just remember this: If it rhymes, then it should be spelt similarly. For example: sau (hand), hau (mouth), gau (nine), jau (to go), all rhyme with each other, so therefore they all use the "au" ending.
 
<H4>2.1 The Initial Sounds</H4>
 
b, c, d, f, g, gw, h, j, k, kw, l, m, n, ng, p, s, t, w, y
As for the consonants, all of the single consonants should be fairly easy for an English speaker to pronounce, but examples of all sounds will be provided. In total there are 19 consonant sounds. Similar consonant sounds have been grouped together.
 

<TABLE id=AutoNumber1 style="BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse" borderColor=#111111 cellSpacing=0 borderColorDark=#ffffff cellPadding=0 width="100%" borderColorLight=#ffffff border=1>
<TBODY>
<TR>
<TD align=middle width="10%">Letter</TD>
<TD width="25%"> English Sound</TD>
<TD width="65%"> Example</TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD align=middle width="10%">b</TD>
<TD width="25%"> s-p-ear</TD>
<TD width="65%"> <A href="http://www.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/Canton/sound/baa1.wav">bā</A> 爸 (father), <A href="http://www.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/Canton/sound/beng2.wav">bêng</A> 餅 (biscuit)</TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD align=middle width="10%">p</TD>
<TD width="25%"> p-ot (aspirated)</TD>
<TD width="65%"> <A href="http://www.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/Canton/sound/paau2.wav">p?au</A> 跑 (to run), <A href="http://www.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/Canton/sound/pang4.wav">pàng</A>yáu 朋友 (friends)</TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD align=middle width="10%">d</TD>
<TD width="25%"> s-t-ar</TD>
<TD width="65%"> <A href="http://www.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/Canton/sound/daa2.wav">d?</A> 打 (to hit), <A href="http://www.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/Canton/sound/daai6.wav">daai</A> 大 (big)</TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD align=middle width="10%">t</TD>
<TD width="25%"> t-ick (aspirated)</TD>
<TD width="65%"> <A href="http://www.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/Canton/sound/tai2.wav">t?i</A> 睇 (to see), <A href="http://www.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/Canton/sound/teng1.wav">tēng</A> 聽 (to listen)</TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD align=middle width="10%">j</TD>
<TD width="25%"> ca-ts</TD>
<TD width="65%"> <A href="http://www.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/Canton/sound/zou6.wav">jou</A> 做 (to do), <A href="http://www.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/Canton/sound/zi1.wav">jī</A> 知 (to know)</TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD align=middle width="10%">c</TD>
<TD width="25%"> ca-ts (aspirated)</TD>
<TD width="65%"> <A href="http://www.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/Canton/sound/cat1.wav">cāt</A> 七 (seven), <A href="http://www.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/Canton/sound/ce1.wav">cē</A> 車 (car)</TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD align=middle width="10%">g</TD>
<TD width="25%"> s-k-y</TD>
<TD width="65%"> <A href="http://www.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/Canton/sound/gau2.wav">g?u</A> 九 (nine), <A href="http://www.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/Canton/sound/gong2.wav">g?ng</A> 講 (to speak)</TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD align=middle width="10%">k</TD>
<TD width="25%"> k-ing (aspirated)</TD>
<TD width="65%"> <A href="http://www.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/Canton/sound/keoi5.wav">kéoi</A> 佢 (he/she), <A href="http://www.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/Canton/sound/kei5.wav">kéi</A> 跂 (to stand)</TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD align=middle width="10%">gw</TD>
<TD width="25%"> s-qu-id</TD>
<TD width="65%"> <A href="http://www.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/Canton/sound/gwai3.wav">gw?i</A> 貴 (expensive), <A href="http://www.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/Canton/sound/gwaa1.wav">gwā</A> 瓜 (melon)</TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD align=middle width="10%">kw</TD>
<TD width="25%"> qu-een (aspirated)</TD>
<TD width="65%"> <A href="http://www.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/Canton/sound/kwan4.wav">kwàn</A> 裙 (dress/skirt), <A href="http://www.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/Canton/sound/kwaang1.wav">kwāang</A> 框 (frame)</TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD align=middle width="10%">l</TD>
<TD width="25%"> l-ight</TD>
<TD width="65%"> <A href="http://www.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/Canton/sound/luk6.wav">luk</A> 六 (six), <A href="http://www.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/Canton/sound/lik6.wav">lik</A> 力 (force/energy)</TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD align=middle width="10%">m</TD>
<TD width="25%"> m-an</TD>
<TD width="65%"> <A href="http://www.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/Canton/sound/maai5.wav">máai</A> 買 (to buy), <A href="http://www.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/Canton/sound/man6.wav">man</A> 問 (to ask)</TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD align=middle width="10%">n</TD>
<TD width="25%"> n-ear</TD>
<TD width="65%"> <A href="http://www.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/Canton/sound/naam4.wav">nàam</A> 男 (male), <A href="http://www.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/Canton/sound/neoi5.wav">néoi</A> 女 (female)</TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD align=middle width="10%">ng</TD>
<TD width="25%"> thi-ng</TD>
<TD width="65%"> <A href="http://www.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/Canton/sound/ngaan5.wav">ngáan</A> 眼 (eye), <A href="http://www.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/Canton/sound/ngaa4.wav">ngà</A> 牙 (tooth)</TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD align=middle width="10%">f</TD>
<TD width="25%"> f-un</TD>
<TD width="65%"> <A href="http://www.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/Canton/sound/faan6.wav">faan</A> 飯 (cooked rice), <A href="http://www.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/Canton/sound/fei4.wav">fèi</A> 肥 (fat)</TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD align=middle width="10%">s</TD>
<TD width="25%"> s-it</TD>
<TD width="65%"> <A href="http://www.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/Canton/sound/saam1.wav">sāam</A> 三 (three), <A href="http://www.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/Canton/sound/sei3.wav">s?i</A> 四 (four)</TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD align=middle width="10%">h</TD>
<TD width="25%"> h-ello</TD>
<TD width="65%"> <A href="http://www.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/Canton/sound/hau2.wav">h?u</A> 口 (mouth), <A href="http://www.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/Canton/sound/hou2.wav">h?u</A> 好 (good)</TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD align=middle width="10%">y</TD>
<TD width="25%"> y-es</TD>
<TD width="65%"> <A href="http://www.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/Canton/sound/jat1.wav">yāt</A> 一 (one), <A href="http://www.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/Canton/sound/jiu3.wav">y?u</A> 要 (to demand/need/want)</TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD align=middle width="10%">w</TD>
<TD width="25%"> w-ater</TD>
<TD width="65%">
 <A href="http://www.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/Canton/sound/wu1.wav">wū</A>jōu 污糟 (dirty), <A href="http://www.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/Canton/sound/waa6.wav">wa</A> 話 (to say)</TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>
<H4> </H4>
<H4>2.2 The Final Sounds</H4>
 
In all, Cantonese has 56 distinct final sounds that are composed of 54 compound finals and 2 syllabic nasals (m, ng). The compound finals are formed by combining 8 nuclei (aa, a, e, eo, i, o, u, ue) with 8 endings (i, u, m, n, ng, p, t, k).
The p, t, and k endings end in a clipped sound. This means that these endings are never actually aspirated (air is not released from your mouth at the end of the word). Note that this is very different from English, where the p, t, and k endings are usually aspirated.
Below are examples of all the final sounds.
<H4> </H4>
<H4>2.2.1 Nucleus aa - a (aa), aai, aau; aam, aan, aang; aap, aat, aak</H4>
 

<TABLE id=AutoNumber1 style="BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse" borderColor=#111111 cellSpacing=0 borderColorDark=#ffffff cellPadding=0 width="100%" borderColorLight=#ffffff border=1>
<TBODY>
<TR>
<TD align=middle width="10%">Letter</TD>
<TD width="25%"> English Sound</TD>
<TD width="65%"> Example</TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD align=middle width="10%">a</TD>
<TD width="25%"> f-a-ther</TD>
<TD width="65%"> <A href="http://www.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/Canton/sound/baa1.wav">bā</A> 爸 (father), <A href="http://www.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/Canton/sound/waa6.wav">wa</A> 話 (to say)</TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD align=middle width="10%">aai</TD>
<TD width="25%"> l-ie</TD>
<TD width="65%"> <A href="http://www.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/Canton/sound/daai6.wav">daai</A> 大 (big), <A href="http://www.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/Canton/sound/maai5.wav">máai</A> 買 (to buy)</TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD align=middle width="10%">aau</TD>
<TD width="25%"> l-ou-d</TD>
<TD width="65%"> <A href="http://www.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/Canton/sound/paau2.wav">p?au</A> 跑 (to run), <A href="http://www.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/Canton/sound/baau1.wav">bāau</A> 包 (to wrap/bun)</TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD align=middle width="100%" colSpan=3> </TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD align=middle width="10%">aam</TD>
<TD width="25%"> f-arm</TD>
<TD width="65%"> <A href="http://www.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/Canton/sound/naam4.wav">nàam</A> 男 (male), <A href="http://www.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/Canton/sound/saam1.wav">sāam</A> 三 (three)</TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD align=middle width="10%">aan</TD>
<TD width="25%"> aun-t</TD>
<TD width="65%"> <A href="http://www.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/Canton/sound/ngaan5.wav">ngáan</A> 眼 (eye), <A href="http://www.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/Canton/sound/faan6.wav">faan</A> 飯 (cooked rice)</TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD align=middle width="10%">aang</TD>
<TD width="25%"> arn + ng</TD>
<TD width="65%"> <A href="http://www.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/Canton/sound/haang4.wav">hàang</A> 行 (to walk), <A href="http://www.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/Canton/sound/ngaang6.wav">ngaang</A> 硬 (stiff)</TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD align=middle width="100%" colSpan=3> </TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD align=middle width="10%">aap</TD>
<TD width="25%"> c-arp</TD>
<TD width="65%"> kek<A href="http://www.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/Canton/sound/zaap6.wav">jaap</A> 劇集 (drama serials)</TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD align=middle width="10%">aat</TD>
<TD width="25%"> art</TD>
<TD width="65%"> <A href="http://www.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/Canton/sound/laat6.wav">laat</A> 辣 (spicy hot), <A href="http://www.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/Canton/sound/waat6.wav">waat</A> (slippery)</TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD align=middle width="10%">aak</TD>
<TD width="25%"> ark</TD>
<TD width="65%"> <A href="http://www.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/Canton/sound/baak6.wav">baak</A> 白 (white), <A href="http://www.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/Canton/sound/ngaak6.wav">ngaak</A> 額 (forehead)</TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>
<H4> </H4>
<H4>2.2.2 Nucleus a - ai, au; am, an, ang; ap, at, ak</H4>
 

<TABLE id=AutoNumber1 style="BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse" borderColor=#111111 cellSpacing=0 borderColorDark=#ffffff cellPadding=0 width="100%" borderColorLight=#ffffff border=1>
<TBODY>
<TR>
<TD align=middle width="10%">Letter</TD>
<TD width="25%"> English Sound</TD>
<TD width="65%"> Example</TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD align=middle width="10%">ai</TD>
<TD width="25%"> s-i-te</TD>
<TD width="65%"> <A href="http://www.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/Canton/sound/tai2.wav">t?i</A> 睇 (to see), <A href="http://www.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/Canton/sound/sai2.wav">s?i</A> 洗 (to wash)</TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD align=middle width="10%">au</TD>
<TD width="25%"> ou-t</TD>
<TD width="65%"> <A href="http://www.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/Canton/sound/hau2.wav">h?u</A> 口 (mouth),  <A href="http://www.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/Canton/sound/sau2.wav">s?u</A> 手 (hand)</TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD align=middle width="100%" colSpan=3> </TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD align=middle width="10%">am</TD>
<TD width="25%"> s-um</TD>
<TD width="65%"> <A href="http://www.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/Canton/sound/jam2.wav">y?m</A> 飲 (to drink), <A href="http://www.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/Canton/sound/sam1.wav">sām</A> 心 (heart)</TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD align=middle width="10%">an</TD>
<TD width="25%"> s-un</TD>
<TD width="65%"> <A href="http://www.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/Canton/sound/san1.wav">sān</A> 新 (new), <A href="http://www.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/Canton/sound/man6.wav">man</A> 問 (to ask)</TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD align=middle width="10%">ang</TD>
<TD width="25%"> s-ung</TD>
<TD width="65%"> <A href="http://www.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/Canton/sound/dang2.wav">d?ng</A> 等 (to wait), <A href="http://www.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/Canton/sound/pang4.wav">pàng</A>yáu 朋友 (friends)</TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD align=middle width="100%" colSpan=3> </TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD align=middle width="10%">ap</TD>
<TD width="25%"> c-up</TD>
<TD width="65%"> <A href="http://www.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/Canton/sound/sap6.wav">sap</A> 十 (ten), <A href="http://www.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/Canton/sound/jap6.wav">yap</A> 入 (to enter)</TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD align=middle width="10%">at</TD>
<TD width="25%"> c-ut</TD>
<TD width="65%"> <A href="http://www.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/Canton/sound/jat1.wav">yāt</A> 一 (one), <A href="http://www.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/Canton/sound/cat1.wav">cāt</A> 七 (seven)</TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD align=middle width="10%">ak</TD>
<TD width="25%"> s-uck</TD>
<TD width="65%"> <A href="http://www.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/Canton/sound/hak1.wav">hāk</A> 黑 (black), <A href="http://www.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/Canton/sound/bak1.wav">bāk</A> 北 (north)</TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>
<H4> </H4>
<H4>2.2.3 Nucleus e - e, ei, eu; em, eng; ep, ek</H4>
 

<TABLE id=AutoNumber1 style="BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse" borderColor=#111111 cellSpacing=0 borderColorDark=#ffffff cellPadding=0 width="100%" borderColorLight=#ffffff border=1>
<TBODY>
<TR>
<TD align=middle width="10%">Letter</TD>
<TD width="25%"> English Sound</TD>
<TD width="65%"> Example</TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD align=middle width="10%">e</TD>
<TD width="25%"> l-e-t</TD>
<TD width="65%"> <A href="http://www.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/Canton/sound/ce1.wav">cē</A> 車 (car), <A href="http://www.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/Canton/sound/se2.wav">sê</A> 寫 (to write)</TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD align=middle width="10%">ei</TD>
<TD width="25%"> s-ay</TD>
<TD width="65%"> <A href="http://www.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/Canton/sound/fei4.wav">fèi</A> 肥 (fat), <A href="http://www.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/Canton/sound/bei2.wav">bêi</A> 畀 (to give)</TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD align=middle width="10%">eu</TD>
<TD width="25%"> c-al-culate</TD>
<TD width="65%"> <A href="http://humanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/lexi-can/sound/deu6.wav" target=_blank>deu</A> 掉 (to drop), jeu (to chew)</TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD align=middle width="100%" colSpan=3> </TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD align=middle width="10%">em</TD>
<TD width="25%"> s-am</TD>
<TD width="65%"> <A href="http://humanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/lexi-can/sound/lem2.wav" target=_blank>lêm</A> 舐 (to lick)</TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD align=middle width="10%">eng</TD>
<TD width="25%"> s-ang</TD>
<TD width="65%"> <A href="http://www.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/Canton/sound/beng2.wav">bêng</A> 餅 (biscuit), <A href="http://www.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/Canton/sound/teng1.wav">tēng</A> 聽 (to listen)</TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD align=middle width="100%" colSpan=3> </TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD align=middle width="10%">ep</TD>
<TD width="25%"> m-ap</TD>
<TD width="65%"> <A href="http://humanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/lexi-can/sound/gep6.wav" target=_blank>gep</A> 夾 (to nip/to clamp)</TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD align=middle width="10%">ek</TD>
<TD width="25%"> s-ec</TD>
<TD width="65%"> <A href="http://www.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/Canton/sound/sek6.wav">sek</A>tàu 石頭 (stone), <A href="http://www.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/Canton/sound/kek6.wav">kek</A>jaap 劇集 (drama serials)</TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>
<H4> </H4>
<H4>2.2.4 Nucleus eo - eo, eoi; eon, eong; eot, eok</H4>
 

<TABLE id=AutoNumber3 style="BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse" borderColor=#111111 cellSpacing=0 borderColorDark=#ffffff cellPadding=0 width="100%" borderColorLight=#ffffff border=1>
<TBODY>
<TR>
<TD align=middle width="10%">Letter</TD>
<TD width="25%"> English Sound</TD>
<TD width="65%"> Example</TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD align=middle width="10%">eo</TD>
<TD width="25%"> f-ur</TD>
<TD width="65%"> <A href="http://www.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/Canton/sound/hoe1.wav">hēo</A> 靴 (boot)</TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD align=middle width="10%">eoi</TD>
<TD width="25%"> oy + ee</TD>
<TD width="65%"> <A href="http://www.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/Canton/sound/keoi5.wav">kéoi</A> 佢 (he/she), <A href="http://www.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/Canton/sound/seoi2.wav">sêoi</A> 水 (water)</TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD align=middle width="100%" colSpan=3> </TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD align=middle width="10%">eon</TD>
<TD width="25%"> very short oo + n</TD>
<TD width="65%"> <A href="http://www.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/Canton/sound/ceon2.wav">cêon</A> 蠢 (stupid/foolish), <A href="http://www.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/Canton/sound/seon4.wav">sèon</A> 唇 (lips)</TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD align=middle width="10%">eong</TD>
<TD width="25%"> urn + ng</TD>
<TD width="65%"> <A href="http://www.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/Canton/sound/soeng2.wav">sêong</A> 想 (want to/wanna), <A href="http://www.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/Canton/sound/loeng5.wav">léong</A> 兩 (two)</TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD align=middle width="100%" colSpan=3> </TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD align=middle width="10%">eot</TD>
<TD width="25%"> short p-ut</TD>
<TD width="65%"> <A href="http://www.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/Canton/sound/ceot1.wav">cēot</A> 出 (go out/come out), <A href="http://www.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/Canton/sound/seot1.wav">sēot</A>sāam 恤衫 (shirt)</TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD align=middle width="10%">eok</TD>
<TD width="25%"> j-erk</TD>
<TD width="65%"> <A href="http://www.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/Canton/sound/joek6.wav">yeok</A> 藥 (drug/medicine), jêok (bird)</TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>
<H4> </H4>
<H4>2.2.5 Nucleus i - i, iu; im, in, ing; ip, it, ik</H4>
 

<TABLE id=AutoNumber1 style="BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse" borderColor=#111111 cellSpacing=0 borderColorDark=#ffffff cellPadding=0 width="100%" borderColorLight=#ffffff border=1>
<TBODY>
<TR>
<TD align=middle width="10%">Letter</TD>
<TD width="25%"> English Sound</TD>
<TD width="65%"> Example</TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD align=middle width="10%">i</TD>
<TD width="25%"> s-ee</TD>
<TD width="65%"> <A href="http://www.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/Canton/sound/zi1.wav">jī</A> 知 (to know), <A href="http://www.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/Canton/sound/ji6.wav">yi</A> 易 (easy)</TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD align=middle width="10%">iu</TD>
<TD width="25%"> ee + ew</TD>
<TD width="65%"> <A href="http://www.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/Canton/sound/siu2.wav">s?u</A> 少 (few), <A href="http://www.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/Canton/sound/ziu1.wav">jīu</A>tàuj?u 朝頭早 (morning)</TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD align=middle width="100%" colSpan=3> </TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD align=middle width="10%">im</TD>
<TD width="25%"> s-im</TD>
<TD width="65%"> <A href="http://www.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/Canton/sound/dim2.wav">d?m</A> 點 (o'clock), <A href="http://www.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/Canton/sound/tim4.wav">tìm</A> 甜 (sweet)</TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD align=middle width="10%">in</TD>
<TD width="25%"> s-in</TD>
<TD width="65%"> <A href="http://www.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/Canton/sound/min6.wav">min</A> 面 (face), <A href="http://www.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/Canton/sound/tin1.wav">tīn</A> 天 (sky/heaven)</TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD align=middle width="10%">ing</TD>
<TD width="25%"> s-ing</TD>
<TD width="65%"> <A href="http://www.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/Canton/sound/ming4.wav">mìng</A> 明 (to understand), <A href="http://www.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/Canton/sound/zing6.wav">jing</A> 靜 (quiet)</TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD align=middle width="100%" colSpan=3> </TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD align=middle width="10%">ip</TD>
<TD width="25%"> s-ip</TD>
<TD width="65%"> <A href="http://www.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/Canton/sound/jip6.wav">yip</A> 葉 (leaf), d?p 碟 (plate)</TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD align=middle width="10%">it</TD>
<TD width="25%"> s-it</TD>
<TD width="65%"> <A href="http://www.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/Canton/sound/jit6.wav">yit</A> 熱 (hot)</TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD align=middle width="10%">ik</TD>
<TD width="25%"> s-ick</TD>
<TD width="65%">
 <A href="http://www.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/Canton/sound/sik6.wav">sik</A> 食 (to eat), <A href="http://www.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/Canton/sound/lik6.wav">lik</A> 力 (force/energy)</TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>
<H4> </H4>
<H4>2.2.6 Nucleus o - o, oi, ou; on, ong; ot, ok</H4>
 

<TABLE id=AutoNumber1 style="BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse" borderColor=#111111 cellSpacing=0 borderColorDark=#ffffff cellPadding=0 width="100%" borderColorLight=#ffffff border=1>
<TBODY>
<TR>
<TD align=middle width="10%">Letter</TD>
<TD width="25%"> English Sound</TD>
<TD width="65%"> Example</TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD align=middle width="10%">o</TD>
<TD width="25%"> f-ou-r</TD>
<TD width="65%"> <A href="http://www.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/Canton/sound/co5.wav">có</A> 坐 (to sit), <A href="http://www.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/Canton/sound/do1.wav">dō</A> 多 (many/much)</TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD align=middle width="10%">oi</TD>
<TD width="25%"> s-oy</TD>
<TD width="65%"> <A href="http://www.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/Canton/sound/hoi1.wav">hōi</A> 開 (to open), <A href="http://www.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/Canton/sound/ngoi6.wav">ngoi</A>min 外面 (outside)</TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD align=middle width="10%">ou</TD>
<TD width="25%"> s-o</TD>
<TD width="65%"> <A href="http://www.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/Canton/sound/zou6.wav">jou</A> 做 (to do), <A href="http://www.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/Canton/sound/hou2.wav">h?u</A> 好 (good)</TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD align=middle width="100%" colSpan=3> </TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD align=middle width="10%">on</TD>
<TD width="25%"> on</TD>
<TD width="65%"> <A href="http://www.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/Canton/sound/gon1.wav">gōn</A> 乾 (dry), <A href="http://www.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/Canton/sound/hon6.wav">hon</A> 汗 (sweat)</TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD align=middle width="10%">ong</TD>
<TD width="25%"> s-ong</TD>
<TD width="65%"> <A href="http://www.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/Canton/sound/gong2.wav">g?ng</A> 講 (to speak), <A href="http://www.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/Canton/sound/fong2.wav">f?ng</A> 房 (room)</TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD align=middle width="100%" colSpan=3> </TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD align=middle width="10%">ot</TD>
<TD width="25%"> h-ot</TD>
<TD width="65%"> h?u<A href="http://www.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/Canton/sound/hot3.wav">h?t</A> 口渴 (thirsty), <A href="http://www.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/Canton/sound/got3.wav">g?t</A> 割 (to cut/to shear)</TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD align=middle width="10%">ok</TD>
<TD width="25%"> s-ock</TD>
<TD width="65%"> <A href="http://www.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/Canton/sound/hok6.wav">hok</A> 學 (to learn), <A href="http://www.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/Canton/sound/lok6.wav">lok</A> 落 (go down)</TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>
<H4> </H4>
<H4>2.2.7 Nucleus u - u, ui; un, ung; ut, uk</H4>
 

<TABLE id=AutoNumber1 style="BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse" borderColor=#111111 cellSpacing=0 borderColorDark=#ffffff cellPadding=0 width="100%" borderColorLight=#ffffff border=1>
<TBODY>
<TR>
<TD align=middle width="10%">Letter</TD>
<TD width="25%"> English Sound</TD>
<TD width="65%"> Example</TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD align=middle width="10%">u</TD>
<TD width="25%"> t-oo</TD>
<TD width="65%"> <A href="http://www.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/Canton/sound/wu1.wav">wū</A>jōu 污糟 (dirty), <A href="http://www.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/Canton/sound/fu2.wav">f?</A> 苦 (bitter)</TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD align=middle width="10%">ui</TD>
<TD width="25%"> oo + ee</TD>
<TD width="65%"> <A href="http://www.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/Canton/sound/bui1.wav">būi</A> 杯 (cup/glass), <A href="http://www.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/Canton/sound/mui5.wav">múi</A> 每 (every)</TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD align=middle width="100%" colSpan=3> </TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD align=middle width="10%">un</TD>
<TD width="25%"> m-oon</TD>
<TD width="65%"> <A href="http://www.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/Canton/sound/mun4.wav">mùn</A> 門 (door), <A href="http://www.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/Canton/sound/wun2.wav">w?n</A> 碗 (bowl)</TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD align=middle width="10%">ung</TD>
<TD width="25%"> l-one + ng</TD>
<TD width="65%"> <A href="http://www.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/Canton/sound/jung6.wav">yung</A> 用 (to use), <A href="http://www.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/Canton/sound/tung4.wav">tùng</A> 同 (and)</TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD align=middle width="100%" colSpan=3> </TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD align=middle width="10%">ut</TD>
<TD width="25%"> f-oot</TD>
<TD width="65%"> sāng<A href="http://www.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/Canton/sound/wut6.wav">wut</A> 生活 (life)</TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD align=middle width="10%">uk</TD>
<TD width="25%"> c-ook</TD>
<TD width="65%">
 <A href="http://www.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/Canton/sound/luk6.wav">luk</A> 六 (six), <A href="http://www.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/Canton/sound/juk6.wav">yuk</A> 肉 (meat)</TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>
<H4> </H4>
<H4>2.2.8 Nucleus ue - ue; uen; uet</H4>
 

<TABLE id=AutoNumber1 style="BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse" borderColor=#111111 cellSpacing=0 borderColorDark=#ffffff cellPadding=0 width="100%" borderColorLight=#ffffff border=1>
<TBODY>
<TR>
<TD align=middle width="10%">Letter</TD>
<TD width="25%"> English Sound</TD>
<TD width="65%"> Example</TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD align=middle width="10%">ue</TD>
<TD width="25%"> rounded u</TD>
<TD width="65%"> <A href="http://www.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/Canton/sound/syu1.wav">sūe</A> 書 (book), <A href="http://www.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/Canton/sound/zyu1.wav">jūe</A> 豬 (pig)</TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD align=middle width="100%" colSpan=3> </TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD align=middle width="10%">uen</TD>
<TD width="25%"> rounded u + n</TD>
<TD width="65%"> <A href="http://www.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/Canton/sound/dyun2.wav">d?en</A> 短 (short), <A href="http://www.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/Canton/sound/jyun5.wav">yúen</A> 遠 (far)</TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD align=middle width="100%" colSpan=3> </TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD align=middle width="10%">uet</TD>
<TD width="25%"> rounded u + d</TD>
<TD width="65%"> <A href="http://www.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/Canton/sound/jyut6.wav">yuet</A> 月 (month)</TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>
<H4> </H4>
<H4>2.2.9 Syllabic Nasals - m, ng</H4>
 

<TABLE id=AutoNumber1 style="BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse" borderColor=#111111 cellSpacing=0 borderColorDark=#ffffff cellPadding=0 width="100%" borderColorLight=#ffffff border=1>
<TBODY>
<TR>
<TD align=middle width="10%">Letter</TD>
<TD width="25%"> English Sound</TD>
<TD width="65%"> Example</TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD align=middle width="10%">m</TD>
<TD width="25%"> mmm...</TD>
<TD width="65%"> <A href="http://www.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/Canton/sound/m4.wav">m`</A>gōi 唔該 (thank you)</TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD align=middle width="10%">ng</TD>
<TD width="25%"> su-ng</TD>
<TD width="65%"> <A href="http://www.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/Canton/sound/ng5.wav">ng?</A> 五 (five)</TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>
 
 
<H3>3. Cantonese Tones</H3>
 
Tones are related to music. When you say 「do re mi fa so la ti do」, the tone rises each word up. In Chinese languages like Cantonese, tones are important in conveying meaning. <A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandarin_(linguistics)" target=_blank>Mandarin</A> has 4 tones, <A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghainese" target=_blank>Shanghainese</A> has 5 and Teochew 6. Cantonese has 6 tones. If you think that is a lot, it is really not. It is actually easy for intuitive Cantonese speakers. It many help to envision these tones drawn out in a diagram. The white horizontal lines show pitch levels, while the blue lines show tones.
 
In representing the tones, the accent mark of each tone is placed above the very first vowel letter in a word, e.g. <A href="http://www.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/Canton/sound/seoi2.wav">sêoi</A> 水 (water), <A href="http://www.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/Canton/sound/haang4.wav">hàang</A> 行 (to walk), <A href="http://www.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/Canton/sound/gwai3.wav">gw?i</A> 貴 (expensive), <A href="http://www.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/Canton/sound/goek3.wav">g?ok</A> 腳 (foot). Pronounce a word listed next to each tone and then look at the corresponding tone diagram.
 
 

<TABLE id=AutoNumber1 style="BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse" borderColor=#111111 cellSpacing=0 borderColorDark=#ffffff cellPadding=0 width="100%" borderColorLight=#ffffff border=1>
<TBODY>
<TR>
<TD align=middle width="10%">Tone</TD>
<TD align=middle width="10%">Mark</TD>
<TD align=middle width="16%">Contour</TD>
<TD width="24%"> Pitch Level</TD>
<TD width="20%"> Fu</TD>
<TD width="20%"> Si</TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD align=middle width="10%">1</TD>
<TD align=middle width="10%">ā</TD>
<TD align=middle width="16%">Level</TD>
<TD width="24%"> High (5-5)</TD>
<TD width="20%"> <A href="http://www.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/Canton/sound/fu1.wav">fū</A> 夫 (husband)</TD>
<TD width="20%"> <A href="http://www.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/Canton/sound/si1.wav">sī</A> 詩 (poem)</TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD align=middle width="10%">2</TD>
<TD align=middle width="10%">?</TD>
<TD align=middle width="16%">Rising</TD>
<TD width="24%"> Mid to High (3-5)</TD>
<TD width="20%"> <A href="http://www.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/Canton/sound/fu2.wav">f?</A> 苦 (bitter)</TD>
<TD width="20%"> <A href="http://www.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/Canton/sound/si2.wav">s?</A> 史 (history)</TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD align=middle width="10%">3</TD>
<TD align=middle width="10%">?</TD>
<TD align=middle width="16%">Level</TD>
<TD width="24%"> Mid (3-3)</TD>
<TD width="20%"> <A href="http://www.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/Canton/sound/fu3.wav">fü</A> 富 (rich)</TD>
<TD width="20%"> <A href="http://www.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/Canton/sound/si3.wav">s?</A> 試 (to try)</TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD align=middle width="10%">4</TD>
<TD align=middle width="10%">à</TD>
<TD align=middle width="16%">Falling</TD>
<TD width="24%"> Low-Mid to Low (2-1)</TD>
<TD width="20%"> <A href="http://www.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/Canton/sound/fu4.wav">fù</A> 扶 (to lean)</TD>
<TD width="20%"> <A href="http://www.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/Canton/sound/si4.wav">sì</A> 時 (time)</TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD align=middle width="10%">5</TD>
<TD align=middle width="10%">á</TD>
<TD align=middle width="16%">Rising</TD>
<TD width="24%"> Low to Mid (1-3)</TD>
<TD width="20%"> <A href="http://www.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/Canton/sound/fu5.wav">fú</A> 婦 (woman)</TD>
<TD width="20%"> <A href="http://www.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/Canton/sound/si5.wav">sí</A> 市 (city)</TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD align=middle width="10%">6</TD>
<TD align=middle width="10%">a</TD>
<TD align=middle width="16%">Level</TD>
<TD width="24%"> Low-Mid (2-2)</TD>
<TD width="20%"> <A href="http://www.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/Canton/sound/fu6.wav">fu</A> 父 (father)</TD>
<TD width="20%"> <A href="http://www.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/Canton/sound/si6.wav">si</A> 事 (event)</TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>
 
Here are two examples to give you a clear idea of the differences between the 6 tones:
<A href="http://input.foruto.com/ocj/yuetyuelomaji/audio/fu123456.wav">fū, f?, fü, fù, fú, fu</A>
 夫 (husband), 苦 (bitter), 富 (rich), 扶 (to lean), 婦 (woman), 父 (father) <A href="http://input.foruto.com/ocj/yuetyuelomaji/audio/si123456.wav">sī, s?, s?, sì, sí, si</A>
 詩 (poem), 史 (history), 試 (to try), 時 (time), 市 (city), 事 (event)
 
 
<H4>3.1 Tone Mark Mnemonics</H4>
<H4> </H4>
The following mnemonics should help create visual associations between the tones and accent marks.

粵嚟粵掂 發表於 2007-12-31 13:44:46

<H3>4. Text Sample</H3>
 
<H3>Bākfūng tùng T?aiyèong</H3>
 
Yáuyātc?, bākfūng tùng t?aiyèong h?idou ?aug?n bīng? lēkdī. Kéoidei āamāam t?id?u yáu g? yàn hàanggw?, nēig? yàn j?okjue gin daailāu.
Kéoidei jau wa lak, bīng? h?yí j?ngd?u nēig? yàn cèoij? gin lāu nē, jau süen bīng? lēkdī lak.
Yūesi, bākfūng jau b?kmengg?m cēoi. D?mjī, kéoi yuet cēoidāk sāilei, g?g? yàn jau yuet hai n?sat gin lāu. J?oihau, bākfūng móu s?ai fù, wàiyáu f?ngh?i.
Gānjue, t?aiyèong cēotlèi s?aij? yātjan, g?g? yàn jau jīkhāk cèoij? gin lāu lak. Yūesi, bākfūng wàiyáu y?ngsūe lā.
 
 
<H3>5. References</H3>
 
<UL>
<LI><A href="http://www.gaginang.org/" target=_blank>GagiNang.org</A> by the Teochiu Organization
<LI><A href="http://www.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/Canton/" target=_blank>A Chinese-Cantonese Syllabary</A>
<LI><A href="http://www.geocities.com/eugene_esther/default.htm" target=_blank>Cantonese in Singapore</A> by Eugene Chua, Eugene Koh, Esther Leng and Audrey Tan
<LI><A href="http://www.cantonese.ca/" target=_blank>Learn Cantonese</A> by Christian Kisa </LI></UL>

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