[求助]“欺负”大家喜欢怎么说？
<font size="4">?????? 请问下“欺负”大家喜欢怎么说？</font> 蝦.... <div class="msgheader">QUOTE:</div><div class="msgborder"><b>以下是引用<i>金永明</i>在2007-1-12 22:19:23的發言：</b><br/><font size="4">请问下“欺负”大家喜欢怎么说？</font></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: PMingLiU; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">??? 蝦</span></b><font face="Times New Roman"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU;">haa1</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU;">(</span></font><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: PMingLiU; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">人</span><font face="Times New Roman"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU;">)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><p></p></span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: PMingLiU; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">??? 恰</span></b><font face="Times New Roman"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU;">hap7</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU;">(</span></font><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: PMingLiU; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">人</span><font face="Times New Roman"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU;">)</span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><p></p></span></b></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><p><font face="Times New Roman">?</font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: PMingLiU; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">???? 都</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU;"><font face="Times New Roman">OK</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><p></p></span></p><p></p> <p> 請睇本論壇高手夢星羽君嘅見解：<a href="http://www.pkucn.com/viewthread.php?tid=155527">http://www.pkucn.com/viewthread.php?tid=155527</a></p><div class="msgheader">QUOTE:</div><div class="msgborder"><strong>以下是引用<i>夢星羽</i>喺最頂尖嘅中文論壇——北大中文論壇嘅一張舊帖：</strong><br/><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: PMingLiU; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: PMingLiU; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">“你欺负我”的粤语是“你（身叚）我”或“你磕我”。<br/>（身叚） ha (阴平)的意思就是弯腰、鞠躬。现在的简化字已经把其简并为“哈”字，如“点头哈腰”。<br/>磕 heb (阳入)的意思就是磕头、叩头。<br/>两者都是表示屈服之意，从程度上来看，磕头的屈服程度比鞠躬要重，因此粤语中“磕”的欺负程度要也比“（身叚）”厉害。<br/>不过，（身叚）与磕在这里并不是动词的一般用法，而是现代汉语很少见的使动用法。<br/>“你（身叚）我”和“你磕我”并不能以动词一般用法的递系结构解释为“你鞠躬我”和“你磕头我”。那样就完全没有欺负的意味了。<br/>而应该解释为“你使我鞠躬”和“你使我磕头”。这样被欺负的意味就很明显了。<br/>所谓的使动用法就是用一种特殊的动宾结构表达了递系结构的内容。<br/>那汉语中到底有没有这种使动用法呢？我举两个例子：<br/>一、齐使田忌将而往。（《史记?孙膑》）<br/>二、齐威王欲将孙膑。（《史记?孙膑》）<br/>在例一中，“齐使田忌将”是个递系结构，“将”是动词的一般用法；<br/>而在例二的“将”就是动词的使动用法，可以改成递系结构“齐威王欲使孙膑将”。<br/>在古汉语中动词的使动用法是很常见的，<br/>如：《诗经?六月》“饮御诸友”（使诸友饮），《易经?离》 “象曰六五之言, 离王公也”（使王公离），《庄子?大宗师》“彼又恶能愤愤然为世俗之礼，以观众人之耳目哉”（使众人之耳目观）。<br/>事实上，在上古汉语中递系式用得较少，而使动用法却很普遍。中古以后，口语中使动用法日益减少，被递系式所取代。但现代汉语也并不是没有，只是很少见而已。<br/>有一个著名的被认为是汉语的逻辑陷阱的例子：“中国队大胜美国队”和“中国队大败美国队”，不管动词是“胜”是“败”，反正都是中国队赢了。<br/>其实在这里，“中国队大胜美国队”是动词的一般用法，<br/>而“中国队大败美国队”则是动词的使动用法，改成递系结构就是“中国队使美国队大败”。<br/>明白这一点，就知道其实只是两句话的动词用法不同，而并不一个不合逻辑的逻辑陷阱。</span></p></div> <p><font face="宋体"><span lang="ZH-TW" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">關於</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">"</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">蝦</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">"</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">字說法實在太多</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">,</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">一說為古越語遺留</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">,</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">因為狀語</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">,</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">言</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">"</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">欺負</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">"</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">都講</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">"</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">蝦</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">".</span></font></p><p><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"></span></font><font face="宋体"><span lang="ZH-TW" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">又一說為</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">"</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">哈</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">",</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">而</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">"</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">哈</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">"</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">為借字</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">,</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">本字為</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">"</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">呵</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">"(</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">訶</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">)."</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">呵</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">"</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">字有</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">"</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">呵氣</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">"</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">之意</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">,</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">亦有責駡</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">,</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">喝斥嘅意思</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">(</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">【說文】大言而怒也。【廣韻】責也</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"> FROM </span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">漢典</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">)<</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">史記</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">,</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">田叔列傳</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">>:"</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">主家皆怪而惡之</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">,</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">莫敢呵</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">",</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">即不敢斥責之意</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">.<p></p></span></font></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"><</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">兒女英雄傳</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">></span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">第廿六回</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">: "</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">姐姐不用哈我</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">,</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">哈我我也是說</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">."<p></p></span></font></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p><font face="宋体"><span lang="ZH-TW" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">楊度</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"><</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">遊學譯編敘</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">>:"</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">今日外人之訶我中國者</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">,</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">不曰老大帝國</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">,</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">則曰幼稚時代</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">."</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">文中"</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">訶"</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">可為"</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">指斥"</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">但也不無欺侮之意</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">.</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">如粵語"</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">哈我中國"</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">.<p></p></span></font></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p><font face="宋体"><span lang="ZH-TW" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">另外</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">,</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">又有一說法為"</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">謑"</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">字</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"><p></p></span></font></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p><font face="宋体"><span lang="ZH-TW" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">"謑"</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">字,字典解釋:<p></p></span></font></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p><span lang="ZH-TW" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"><font face="宋体">【廣韻】呼訝切【集韻】【韻會】虛訝切，</font></span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: PMingLiU-ExtB; mso-bidi-font-family: PMingLiU-ExtB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">??</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"><font face="宋体">音罅。怒言也。又【集韻】下解切，音邂。怒聲也。或作</font></span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: PMingLiU-ExtB; mso-bidi-font-family: PMingLiU-ExtB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">??</span><font face="宋体"><span lang="ZH-TW" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">(FROM </span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">漢典</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">)<p></p></span></font></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p><font face="宋体"><span lang="ZH-TW" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">廣韻音為"</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">呼訝切"</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">意為 </span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">"</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">怒言</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">"</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">都近傍</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">.</span></font></p><p><font face="宋体"><span lang="ZH-TW" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">而粵語嘅</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">"</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">恰</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">"</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">字</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">,</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">有可能為 </span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">"</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">哈"</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">嘅變讀</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">,</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">如以 </span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">"</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">合</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">"</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">為聲符</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">, ha </span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">讀為</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">hap.</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">又有一說法為 </span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">"</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">掐</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">"</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">字</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">(</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">生活粵語本字趣談</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">)</span></font></p><p><font face="宋体"><span lang="ZH-TW" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">掐字標音</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">"hap7"</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">廣韻標 </span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">"</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">苦洽切",</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">而此字意思原為 </span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">"</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">用指甲按或刺</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">",</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">引伸作以暴力欺凌別人</span></font><span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p>夢星羽君以上之文又為一說</p>[此帖子已經被作者於2007-1-13 20:23:56編輯過]
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