逸定軒 發表於 2009-7-25 21:13:22

百越之南:岭南土著民族原像(原创)

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<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: black; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"></P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: black; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">《吕氏春秋》卷二十《恃君篇》首次出现「百越」一词的记录:「杨汉之南,百越之际,敝凯诸、夫风、余靡之地。缚娄、阳禺和驩兜之国,多无君。」</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体" lang=EN-US><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com<img src=" /><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体" lang=EN-US><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></SPAN></P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: black; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">上古时代,长江以南到印支半岛的广大区域内,生活着具有「</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">断发文身」、「饭稻鱼羹」、「刀耕火种」等</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: black; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">共同文化表征的土著</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">。崇尚宽袍阔袖、钟鸣鼎食的华夏民族,将具有上述特征的种族一概称之为「百越」。「百」指代庞大的种族群体,有瓯越、闽越、扬越、骆越等名目,「粤」有时也作为通假字出现,又作「百粤」。</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体" lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体" lang=EN-US><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></SPAN></P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: black; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">在战国末期,百越的南边有缚娄、阳禺、驩兜等「无君之国」。所谓「无君「,可能是指各部族尚未脱离氏族公社的状态。据专家考证,阳禺在粤北清远一带,而缚娄则是现在的惠州博罗。这些号称「百越」的土著部族,是汉族移民大批到来之前的岭南原住民。</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体" lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体" lang=EN-US><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></SPAN></P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体" lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN>&nbsp;</P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体" lang=EN-US><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt" class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><STRONG><FONT size=6>◇「百越」正源</FONT></STRONG></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt" class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><STRONG><FONT size=6></FONT></STRONG></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体" lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN>&nbsp;</P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21pt" class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体" lang=EN-US><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></SPAN></P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">春秋之世,华夏族以蛮、夷、戎、狄定义周边的异族。长江以南的异族,统称为「蠻」。早期华夏族对周边种族的称谓,并无后世华夷之辨的歧视意味,而更倾向于表面形象的诠释。东夷,指东方擅长弓矢的种族。同理,南方种族操黏着语,给华夏族「发音含糊不清」的印象。故而两个翘丝旁夹住一个言字,成为南方异族的形象注释。⑴</SPAN><SPAN style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体" lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体" lang=EN-US><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></SPAN></P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">象形文字命名思维,既不科学、又很笼统,催生了众多毫不严谨的种族概念。当代学者探索「越」的起源,普遍认为「越」的族称来源于「戉」,戉即斧子。由于南方土著经常使用石斧开辟山路,翻山越岭从事垦殖,因而华夏族将这类人归类为「越」。也有学者认为,「戉」应是青铜斧子或石犁之类。⑵</SPAN><SPAN style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体" lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体" lang=EN-US><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></SPAN></P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">对古籍文献的推敲,不能代替人类学的科学论证。即使以素称严谨科学考证,也难以确切论证何谓「百越民族」。自古以来界定「百越」的依据,集中于断发文身、食用异物、居住干栏房屋、凿齿等物质及信仰文化。不过,百越以外的东夷、南岛</SPAN><SPAN style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体" lang=EN-US>-</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">马来甚至岭南小黑人等人种,与百越共享着上述某些甚至多数文化特征,这使「百越民族」的人类学定义难以自圆其说。⑶</SPAN><SPAN style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体" lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体" lang=EN-US><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></SPAN></P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">考古科学证实,百越内部各支既存在重合的文化特征,也存在各不相干的明显倾向性——以广东为分野,东南沿海的越人文化,以几何印纹陶器文物为显著特征,西南一带基本没有类似文物;铜鼓文化盛行于西南及印支半岛、印尼、马来西亚,与东南的几何印纹文化各据一方。而且迄今没有发现确属百越的文字,仅凭古籍上的一鳞半爪,难以作为百越诸部同属一个民族或语系的直接证据。⑷</SPAN><SPAN style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体" lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体" lang=EN-US><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></SPAN></P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">到底是「百越民族」的血统散播各地,还是各地的原始人类陆续皈依「百越文化」,一切无从说起。不同人种、语系的族群,因为在文化上存在交集而被片面纳入「越」的范畴,令「百越」研究课题一开始就陷入误区。当中外学者还在为「百越南下形成南岛系民族」、「南岛语系民族北上」针锋相对时,往往忽略一个基本问题:「人种」不等同于「民族」,</SPAN><SPAN style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">「民族」不能仅由「文化」断定。</SPAN><SPAN style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体" lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体" lang=EN-US><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></SPAN></P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">如同当代的「洋人」、「黑人」,「百越」显然不能作为甄别古代民族的概念。不过,历史上的百越种族,与当代华南各少数民族及东南亚诸民族,应该具有某种文化、血缘上的亲缘联系。现阶段,将「百越」暂定位为「血缘多元的文化共同体」,应该较为恰当。</SPAN><SPAN style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体" lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
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<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"></SPAN>&nbsp;</P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT size=2></FONT></SPAN>&nbsp;</P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT size=2>注释</FONT></SPAN></P><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体" lang=EN-US><o:p>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体" lang=EN-US><FONT face=宋体><FONT size=2>------------------------------------------------------------<o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></SPAN></P><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT size=2><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">⑴「蛮」的意义,多倾向于与黏着语有关。另,学者徐松石则认为,南方种族发明蚕织,故被称为「蠻」。(陶维英《越南古代史》上册,越族与越裳国)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体" lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体" lang=EN-US><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">⑵当代学界关于「越」的来源说法不一:①与工具「戉」有关。(《百越文化研究》百年回眸)②南方土著将人称为</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体" lang=EN-US>wat</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">、</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体" lang=EN-US>wut</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">、</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体" lang=EN-US>wet</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">,故华夏族用「越」字称呼南方种族。(《百越文化研究》百年回眸)③「夷」与「越」在古籍当中常常相提并论,疑为谐音。(陶维英《越南古代史》上册,越族与越裳国)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体" lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体" lang=EN-US><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">⑶《礼记》:「东方曰夷,被发文身,有不火食者」。岭南一带有可能存在过与百越风俗类似的尼格罗人种。(秦维廉《古越族的人类学定义是否成立》、</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang=EN-US><A href="http://book.yoyobao.com/640390/" target=_blank><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: black; TEXT-DECORATION: none; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; text-underline: none" lang=EN-US><SPAN lang=EN-US>容观夐</SPAN></SPAN></A></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">《从民族志资料看岭南古越族与东南亚的亲缘关系》,载于香港市政局出版《岭南古越族文化论文集》)「南岛语族」</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang=EN-US>(Austronesian)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">即「马来</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang=EN-US>-</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">波利尼西亚语系」</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang=EN-US>(Malayapolynesian)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">,指太平洋西南部群岛地带的庞杂的民族文化体系,包括马来人</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang=EN-US>(</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">含台湾高山族</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang=EN-US>)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">、密克罗尼西亚、美拉尼西亚人、波里尼西亚人等几大族群。多数中国学者认为南岛</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang=EN-US>-</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">马来系民族,是百越人种由印支半岛南下而形成,与百越人种文身、铜鼓、凿齿等众多文化特征高度吻合。(</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang=EN-US><A href="http://book.yoyobao.com/640390/" target=_blank><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: black; TEXT-DECORATION: none; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; text-underline: none" lang=EN-US><SPAN lang=EN-US>容观夐</SPAN></SPAN></A></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">《从民族志资料看岭南古越族与东南亚的亲缘关系)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体" lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体" lang=EN-US><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">⑷几何纹陶器是华南沿海越人的文化特征,与西南的青铜鼓文化形成鲜明对比。(吴绵吉《江南几何印纹陶「文化」应是古代越人的文化》,收录于百越民族史研究会《百越民族史论集》)关于「百越」的范围,学者罗香林认为「越」源自中夏,囊括东南与西南的种族;林惠祥认为,「越」仅包含东南沿海的部族,西南系应归入</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体" lang=JA>僰</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">僮系。(庄为玑《建国以来对百越族的历史研究》,收录于《百越民族史论集》)</SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"></SPAN>&nbsp;</P>
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[ 本帖最後由 逸定軒 於 2009-8-1 21:05 編輯 ]

逸定軒 發表於 2009-7-27 13:20:42

<SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT size=5>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" class=MsoNormal><FONT size=6><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><STRONG>◇丛林猎头族</STRONG></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" class=MsoNormal><FONT size=6><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体" lang=EN-US><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com<img src=" /><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT>&nbsp;</P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体" lang=EN-US><o:p><FONT size=3>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" class=MsoNormal><FONT size=3><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">古时,位于百越之南的岭南的土地上,到底生活着怎样的人类呢?沉浸于自我的华夏民族,未为这片蛮荒之地留下详细记载。不过,出土的文物却可以将我们带到时光隧道的彼端。</SPAN><SPAN style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体" lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体" lang=EN-US><o:p><FONT size=3>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" class=MsoNormal><FONT size=3><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">考古结果显示,早在公元前</SPAN><SPAN style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体" lang=EN-US>4500</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">—</SPAN><SPAN style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体" lang=EN-US>3700</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">年之间,岭南地区就出现了以几何纹彩绘陶器为特征的史前文化,与号称「先越文化」的河姆渡文化(公元前</SPAN><SPAN style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体" lang=EN-US>5000</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">—</SPAN><SPAN style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体" lang=EN-US>3300</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">年)时间大体相若。到公元前</SPAN><SPAN style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体" lang=EN-US>1500</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">—</SPAN><SPAN style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体" lang=EN-US>500</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">年之间,岭南地区出现了青铜器。有趣的是,在省港各地出土的青铜器当中,铜剑、铜矛、铜戈、箭簇等兵器几乎占半,其次才是生产工具,缺少钟鼎之类的礼器。</SPAN><SPAN style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体" lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体" lang=EN-US><o:p><FONT size=3>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" class=MsoNormal><FONT size=3><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">据《汉书·高祖本纪》记载:「粤人之俗,好相攻击。」——往昔的岭南越人,难道仅仅因为「好勇斗狠」,才大量持有兵器吗?在广州南越王墓出土的一个铜质酒桶上,有这样一幅图案:四条战船首尾相连,船上载着头戴羽毛冠、身穿羽毛裙的越人武士,以及全身赤裸的俘虏,船首斑鸠像下悬挂着一个人头。⑸这一幅反映岭南越人军事活动的画卷,到底应该如何理解呢?</SPAN><SPAN style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体" lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体" lang=EN-US><o:p><FONT size=3>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" class=MsoNormal><FONT size=3><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">据古籍的记载,岭南土著民族一直有迷信鬼神、杀人祭祀的陋习。直到宋朝时,广东广西诸州仍然有杀人祭鬼的记录,每逢春耕时节,土人即外出猎杀牺牲者,将其首级割下以供祭祀。为此,宋太祖曾于雍熙二年(</SPAN><SPAN style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体" lang=EN-US>985</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">)专门下诏,禁止</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: black; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">邕、容、桂、广诸州僚人的杀人祭典。</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">⑹种种迹象表明,岭南的土著民族,有着与台湾、东南亚土著民族类似的猎头习俗。</SPAN><SPAN style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体" lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体" lang=EN-US><o:p><FONT size=3>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" class=MsoNormal><FONT size=3><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">猎头这一残忍行径,不可能是一时兴起而为之,肯定有深层的动机。</SPAN><SPAN style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体" lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体" lang=EN-US><o:p><FONT size=3>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" class=MsoNormal><FONT size=3><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">岭南背山负海、气候炎热,不仅适宜农耕,水产资源也相当丰富。岭南的越人部族,既得到百越「稻作文化」的传承,也具有纵横江海的沿海气息。春秋战国时期,山区的越人以水稻种植与狩猎为生,而沿海的越人则产生了渔猎经济。越人由于捕捞水产的需要经常深入水域,而以短发、纹身伪装成水中生物的模样,认为以此可以避免水中食肉动物的伤害。如此类推,猎头的风俗也可以视为岭南越人环境因素在信仰中的体现。在越人心目中,超自然的水陆众神主宰着部族的生活来源,也只有为贡献牺牲给掌握自己命运的神灵,部族才不惜大动干戈猎取其他部族的人头。⑺</SPAN><SPAN style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体" lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体" lang=EN-US><o:p><FONT size=3>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT size=3>如果按这样的思路,不仅大量越人武器出土的情形顺理成章,铜质酒桶的谜题也变得容易理解:浩浩荡荡的战船队列,极有可能是在进行向水中神灵献俘的仪式。这种见解并非孤立,在华南及印支半岛出土的铜鼓上,头戴羽毛冠、拎着人头手舞足蹈的战士形象,早已是屡见不鲜。</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体" lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" class=MsoNormal></FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" class=MsoNormal></SPAN></P><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"></SPAN></P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"></SPAN>&nbsp;</P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT size=2>注释</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT size=2>--------------------------------------------------------------</FONT></SPAN></P><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT size=2><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">⑸岭南出土的青铜器,反映了岭南青铜时代无政权、部族间互相攻击的状态。(邹兴华《珠江三角洲史前文化分期》</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">、吴曾德《论广东青铜时代三个基本问题》</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">载于香港市政局出版《岭南古越族文化论文集》)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">南越王墓出土的铜提桶,属于雒越风格的文物。(麦英豪《西汉南越王墓随葬遗物的诸文化因素》,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">载于香港市政局出版《岭南古越族文化论文集》)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体" lang=EN-US><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">⑹《太平御览·卷七八六》:「春月方田,尤好出索人,贪得之以祭神也。」在西江、北江的考古遗迹,出土青铜人头柱形体及刻有人头的匕首,反映了猎头的习俗。(黄静《略论原生期岭南文化的特性》)僚越人的猎头习俗一直延续到南宋时期。</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">(</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang=EN-US><A href="http://book.yoyobao.com/640390/" target=_blank><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: black; TEXT-DECORATION: none; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; text-underline: none" lang=EN-US><SPAN lang=EN-US>容观夐</SPAN></SPAN></A></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">《从民族志资料看岭南古越族与东南亚的亲缘关系》)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体" lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体" lang=EN-US><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=MsoNormal><SPAN>⑺《淮南子·原道训》:<SPAN style="COLOR: black">「</SPAN>九</SPAN><SPAN>嶷<SPAN style="COLOR: black">之南</SPAN>,陆事寡而水事众</SPAN><SPAN>,<SPAN style="COLOR: black">于是人民被</SPAN>发文身</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 'MS Mincho'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial" lang=JA>,以象</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体" lang=JA>鳞</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 'MS Mincho'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'MS Mincho'" lang=JA>虫</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang=EN-US>」</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 'MS Mincho'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial" lang=JA>。</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">《史记正义》引《舆地志》:「交趾,周时为骆越,秦时曰西瓯,文身断发避龙。」《广东新语·鳞语》:「绣身面为龙子,使龙以为己类,不吞噬。」龙应为鳄鱼。(周典恩丛云飞《浅析百越文化特征中的环境因素》,收录于</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">《百越文化研究》)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体" lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
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[ 本帖最後由 逸定軒 於 2009-8-1 21:06 編輯 ]

殺人王 發表於 2009-7-28 08:36:44

建議樓主發去原創區

逸定軒 發表於 2009-7-28 16:55:30

<P>原帖由 <I>殺人王</I> 於 2009-7-28 08:36 發表 <A href="http://bbs.cantonese.asia/redirect.php?goto=findpost&amp;pid=149100&amp;ptid=17414" target=_blank><IMG onclick=zoom(this) border=0 alt="" src="http://bbs.cantonese.asia/images/common/back.gif" onload="attachimg(this, 'load')"></A> 建議樓主發去原創區 </P>
<P>&nbsp;</P>
<P>点解噶?呢度系历史区喔</P>

逸定軒 發表於 2009-8-1 21:09:11

<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21pt" class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT size=6><STRONG>◇秦军入岭南</STRONG></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21pt" class=MsoNormal>&nbsp;</P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体" lang=EN-US><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com<img src=" /><o:p><FONT face=宋体>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></P><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">围绕岭南的越人是否形成过政权,历史上有许多猜测。据载,早在春秋时期,楚国势力已经到达南海,在当地修筑「楚庭」。楚灭越之后,越ffice:smarttags" /&gt;<ST1<IMG alt=":P" border="0" smilieid="7" src="./images/smilies/default/tongue.gif" />ersonName w:st="on" ProductID="国流亡"&gt;国流亡</ST1<IMG alt=":P" border="0" smilieid="7" src="./images/smilies/default/tongue.gif" />ersonName&gt;君臣为躲避楚军,曾在南海修筑「南武城」。<SPAN style="COLOR: black">战国末期,又有缚娄、阳禺、驩兜等国见诸典籍。此时的岭南越人,可能已经出现部落联盟,向民族的形成迈出第一步。</SPAN>⑻</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体" lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21pt" class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体" lang=EN-US><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21pt" class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">但是,岭南越人缓慢的社会发展,被秦军南下的步伐踏碎。</SPAN><SPAN style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体" lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体" lang=EN-US><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></SPAN></P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">公元前</SPAN><SPAN style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体" lang=EN-US>221</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">年,秦始皇夷平六国,以「德逾三皇,功盖五帝」自诩。公元前</SPAN><SPAN style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体" lang=EN-US>218</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">年,秦始皇又下令南征百越。大将屠</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体" lang=JA>睢</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">率<SPAN lang=EN-US>50</SPAN>万大军兵分五路,集结在五岭周围,其中两路大军越岭进入广东、广西。东西两面的战局,呈现出截然不同的态势。进入广东的秦军势如破竹,顺北江而下轻易进占番禺。由此可知,当地的越人尚未形成足以抵抗外敌的政权组织。西面战线的秦军则泥足深陷。秦军杀害西瓯酋长「译吁宋」之后,越人退入山林实行焦土抗战,不时四出突袭秦军,令劳师远征的秦军疲于奔命。主将</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">屠</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体" lang=JA>睢</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">也在一场夜战中被杀。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN" lang=EN-US><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></SPAN></P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">岭南西面的秦军后勤不稳,陷入被动的局面。为迅速予以支援,秦始皇令「史禄」开凿灵渠,凿通了湘江与漓江,令岭北的人力物力得以迅速转运岭南。灵渠一旦凿通,五岭的屏障大开。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN" lang=EN-US><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></SPAN></P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">公元前<SPAN lang=EN-US>215</SPAN>年,秦始皇重新以任嚣、赵佗为将,征伐西瓯越人。在秦军的强大攻势下,西瓯部落联盟顷刻瓦解,秦朝攻取岭南的腹心地带。</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">秦朝在岭南设置南海、桂林、象三郡,以南海尉任嚣全权统制三郡。任嚣在南海郡筑「任嚣城」,成为岭南地区的中枢。其后,秦朝开辟四条「新道」贯通五岭,与全国的「驰道」接轨。⑼</SPAN><SPAN style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体" lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体" lang=EN-US><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></SPAN></P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">为镇压越地,秦朝流放谪戍者填充新领土。数十万失意人士为秦朝驱使,与一万五千名妇女戍守岭南。几十万中原军事移民,置身于近百万土著越人的包围网,据守着零星的郡治县治。不数年,席卷天下的反秦起义爆发。当秦人与六国遗民在中原酣战之际,不同籍贯的移民却在南海一隅落地生根,开创了岭南文化的先声。⑽</SPAN><SPAN style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体" lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体" lang=EN-US><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></SPAN></P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">秦朝的统治固然短暂,不过岭南连接岭北的经络被全面打通。伴随着南北互动,岭南的文化与种族构成,开始出现了变化。岭南的社会发展,由此开始了从量变到质变的历程,以越人为主导的社会形态逐渐得到扭转。</SPAN></P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"></SPAN>&nbsp;</P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体" lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN>&nbsp;</P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体" lang=EN-US><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></SPAN></P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" class=MsoNormal></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"></SPAN></P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT size=2>注释</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT size=2>----------------------------------------------------</FONT></SPAN></P><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体" lang=EN-US><o:p>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">⑻明黄佐《广东通志·列传》:「越王无疆为楚所败,其子孙遁处于南海上,周赧王时有自立为王者……乃往相度南海,将依山筑南武城,以拟之,而越王不果迁。」屈大均《广东新语·宫语》:「南海臣服于楚,作楚庭。」仅凭文献,无法确证「南海」所指,故仍有争议。</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体" lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体" lang=EN-US><o:p><FONT face=宋体>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">⑼秦朝苦战六年,基本平定岭南。据考证,由秦朝修筑的道路主要有四条,一路由江西南安逾大庾岭入广东南雄,一路由湖南郴州逾岭入广东连州,一路由湖南道州入广西贺州,一路由广西全州入广西静江。(《古南越国史》第一章</SPAN><FONT face=宋体><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">南越国的建立)</SPAN></FONT><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体" lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"></SPAN>&nbsp;</P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">⑽《史记·南越列传》:「置桂林、南海、象郡,以谪徙民,与越杂处十三岁。」《史记·淮南列传》:「中国劳极,止王不来,使人上书求女无夫家者三万,以为士卒衣补。秦皇可其万五千人。」《史记·秦始皇本纪》:「</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 'MS Mincho'; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA" lang=JA>三十三年,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA" lang=JA>发诸尝</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 'MS Mincho'; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'MS Mincho'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA" lang=JA>逋亡人</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA" lang=JA>﹑赘</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 'MS Mincho'; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'MS Mincho'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA" lang=JA>貋</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA" lang=JA>﹑贾</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 'MS Mincho'; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'MS Mincho'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA" lang=JA>人略取</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA" lang=JA>陆</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 'MS Mincho'; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'MS Mincho'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA" lang=JA>梁地,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA" lang=JA>为</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 'MS Mincho'; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'MS Mincho'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA" lang=JA>桂林</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA" lang=JA>﹑</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 'MS Mincho'; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA" lang=JA>象郡</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA" lang=JA>﹑</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 'MS Mincho'; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA" lang=JA>南海,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: Century; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-fareast-font-family: 'MS Mincho'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA" lang=JA><FONT face=宋体> </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 'MS Mincho'; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA" lang=JA>以适遣戍。</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">集解徐广曰:五十万人守五岭。」《汉书·卷九十五》:「</SPAN><FONT face=宋体><SPAN class=body1><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA" lang=JA>粤桂林监居翁谕告瓯骆四十余万口降,为湘城侯。</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=body1><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">」横跨广西、越南的雒越、西瓯部落人口约数十万,与瓯雒社会发展水平相当的广东越人族群应该接近此数。</SPAN></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=MsoNormal><FONT face=宋体><SPAN class=body1><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"></SPAN></SPAN></FONT>&nbsp;</P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=MsoNormal><FONT size=7><FONT size=6 face=宋体><SPAN class=body1><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"></SPAN></SPAN></FONT>&nbsp;</P></FONT>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=MsoNormal><FONT size=7 face=宋体><SPAN class=body1><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"></SPAN></SPAN></FONT></o:p></SPAN>&nbsp;</P>

[ 本帖最後由 逸定軒 於 2009-8-1 21:45 編輯 ]

sundae 發表於 2009-8-2 09:05:58

「原像」喺邊?睇唔到嘅??<br>

penkyamp 發表於 2009-8-2 10:55:11

广东人应该正名「东壮族」<br>

使君子 發表於 2009-8-16 22:40:37

原帖由 <i>penkyamp</i> 於 2009-8-2 10:55 發表 <a href="http://bbs.cantonese.asia/redirect.php?goto=findpost&amp;pid=150134&amp;ptid=17414" target="_blank"><img src="http://bbs.cantonese.asia/images/common/back.gif" border="0" onclick="zoom(this)" onload="attachimg(this, 'load')" alt=""></a>
广东人应该正名「东壮族」
<div><br></div><div>东粤人,西粤人,合称两粤人。</div>

doromi 發表於 2009-10-15 15:43:24

入黎看看!
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