伊朗历月份以十二星座命名

penkyamp 發表於 2009-7-19 15:53:32

伊朗历月份以十二星座命名 
<table class="t_table" cellspacing="0"><tbody><tr><td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iranian_calendar" target="_blank">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iranian_calendar</a> 
 
Month names<table class="t_table" style="width: 98%;" cellspacing="0"><tbody><tr><td>Order</td><td>Days</td><td>Persian</td><td>Kurdish</td><td>Dari Persian (Arabic)</td><td>Afghan Pashto</td></tr><tr><td>IPA</td><td>Native Script</td><td>Romanized</td><td>Native Script</td><td>Romanized</td><td>Native Script</td><td>IPA</td><td>Native Script</td></tr><tr><td>1</td><td>31</td><td>færværdin 四月羊月</td><td>فروردین</td><td>Xakelêwe 四月羊月</td><td>خاکەلێوە</td><td>hamal (Aries) 四月羊月 
</td><td>حمل</td><td>wraj 四月羊月</td><td>وری</td></tr><tr><td>2</td><td>31</td><td>ordiːbeheʃt 五月牛月</td><td>اردیبهشت</td><td>Gullan (Banemer) 五月牛月</td><td>گوڵان</td><td>sawr (Taurus) 五月牛月 
</td><td>ثور</td><td>ʁwajaj 五月牛月</td><td>غویی</td></tr><tr><td>3</td><td>31</td><td>xordɒːd 六月孪月</td><td>خرداد</td><td>Cozerdan 六月孪月</td><td>جۆزەردان</td><td>dʒawzɒ (Gemini) 六月孪月 
</td><td>جوزا</td><td>ʁbargolaj 六月孪月</td><td>غبرګولی</td></tr><tr><td>4</td><td>31</td><td>tiːr 七月蟹月</td><td>تیر</td><td>Pûşper 七月蟹月</td><td>پووشپەڕ</td><td>saratɒn (Cancer) 七月蟹月 
</td><td>سرطان</td><td>tʃungaʂ 七月蟹月</td><td>چنګاښ</td></tr><tr><td>5</td><td>31</td><td>mordɒːd 八月狮月</td><td>مرداد</td><td>Gelawêj 八月狮月</td><td>گەلاوێژ</td><td>asad (Leo) 八月狮月 
</td><td>اسد</td><td>zmaraj 八月狮月</td><td>زمری</td></tr><tr><td>6</td><td>31</td><td>ʃæhriːvær 九月处月</td><td>شهریور</td><td>Xermanan 九月处月</td><td>خەرمانان</td><td>sonbola (Virgo) 九月处月 
</td><td>سنبله</td><td>wagaj 九月处月</td><td>وږی</td></tr><tr><td>7</td><td>30</td><td>mehr 十月平月</td><td>مهر</td><td>Rezber 十月平月</td><td>ڕەزبەر</td><td>mizɒn (Libra) 十月平月 
</td><td>میزان</td><td>təla 十月平月</td><td>تله</td></tr><tr><td>8</td><td>30</td><td>ɒːbɒn 十一月蝎月</td><td>آبان</td><td>Xezellwer (Gelarêzan) 十一月蝎月</td><td>گەڵاڕێزان</td><td>haqrab (Scorpio) 十一月蝎月 
</td><td>عقرب</td><td>laɻam 十一月蝎月</td><td>لړم</td></tr><tr><td>9</td><td>30</td><td>ɒːzær 十二月羿月</td><td>آذر</td><td>Sermawez 十二月羿月</td><td>سەرماوەز</td><td>qaws (Sagittarius) 十二月羿月</td><td>قوس</td><td>lindəj 十二月羿月</td><td>لیندۍ</td></tr><tr><td>10</td><td>30</td><td>dej 一月羱月</td><td>دی</td><td>Befranbar 一月羱月</td><td>بەفرانبار</td><td>dʒadi (Capricorn) 一月羱月</td><td>جدی</td><td>marʁumaj 一月羱月</td><td>مرغومی</td></tr><tr><td>11</td><td>30</td><td>bæhmæn 二月水月</td><td>بهمن</td><td>Rêbendan 二月水月</td><td>ڕێبەندان</td><td>dalwa (Aquarius) 二月水月 
</td><td>دلو</td><td>salwɑʁə 二月水月</td><td>سلواغه</td></tr><tr><td>12</td><td>29/30</td><td>esfænd 三月鱼月</td><td>اسفند</td><td>Reşeme 三月鱼月</td><td>ڕەشەمە</td><td>howt (Pisces) 三月鱼月 
</td><td>حوت</td><td>kab 三月鱼月</td><td> 
</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> 
<table style="width: 1083px; height: 499px;" class="t_table" cellspacing="0"><tbody><tr><td>Order</td><td>Days</td><td>Persian</td><td>Kurdish</td><td>Dari Persian (Arabic)</td><td>Afghan Pashto</td></tr><tr><td>IPA</td><td>Native Script</td><td>Romanized</td><td>Native Script</td><td>Romanized</td><td>Native Script</td><td>IPA</td><td>Native Script</td></tr><tr><td>1</td><td>31</td><td>færværdin 四月羊月</td><td>فروردین</td><td>Xakelêwe 四月羊月</td><td>خاکەلێوە</td><td>hamal (Aries) 四月羊月 
</td><td>حمل</td><td>wraj 四月羊月</td><td>وری</td></tr><tr><td>2</td><td>31</td><td>ordiːbeheʃt 五月牛月</td><td>اردیبهشت</td><td>Gullan (Banemer) 五月牛月</td><td>گوڵان</td><td>sawr (Taurus) 五月牛月 
</td><td>ثور</td><td>ʁwajaj 五月牛月</td><td>غویی</td></tr><tr><td>3</td><td>31</td><td>xordɒːd 六月孪月</td><td>خرداد</td><td>Cozerdan 六月孪月</td><td>جۆزەردان</td><td>dʒawzɒ (Gemini) 六月孪月 
</td><td>جوزا</td><td>ʁbargolaj 六月孪月</td><td>غبرګولی</td></tr><tr><td>4</td><td>31</td><td>tiːr 七月蟹月</td><td>تیر</td><td>Pûşper 七月蟹月</td><td>پووشپەڕ</td><td>saratɒn (Cancer) 七月蟹月 
</td><td>سرطان</td><td>tʃungaʂ 七月蟹月</td><td>چنګاښ</td></tr><tr><td>5</td><td>31</td><td>mordɒːd 八月狮月</td><td>مرداد</td><td>Gelawêj 八月狮月</td><td>گەلاوێژ</td><td>asad (Leo) 八月狮月 
</td><td>اسد</td><td>zmaraj 八月狮月</td><td>زمری</td></tr><tr><td>6</td><td>31</td><td>ʃæhriːvær 九月处月</td><td>شهریور</td><td>Xermanan 九月处月</td><td>خەرمانان</td><td>sonbola (Virgo) 九月处月 
</td><td>سنبله</td><td>wagaj 九月处月</td><td>وږی</td></tr><tr><td>7</td><td>30</td><td>mehr 十月平月</td><td>مهر</td><td>Rezber 十月平月</td><td>ڕەزبەر</td><td>mizɒn (Libra) 十月平月 
</td><td>میزان</td><td>təla 十月平月</td><td>تله</td></tr><tr><td>8</td><td>30</td><td>ɒːbɒn 十一月蝎月</td><td>آبان</td><td>Xezellwer (Gelarêzan) 十一月蝎月</td><td>گەڵاڕێزان</td><td>haqrab (Scorpio) 十一月蝎月 
</td><td>عقرب</td><td>laɻam 十一月蝎月</td><td>لړم</td></tr><tr><td>9</td><td>30</td><td>ɒːzær 十二月羿月</td><td>آذر</td><td>Sermawez 十二月羿月</td><td>سەرماوەز</td><td>qaws (Sagittarius) 十二月羿月</td><td>قوس</td><td>lindəj 十二月羿月</td><td>لیندۍ</td></tr><tr><td>10</td><td>30</td><td>dej 一月羱月</td><td>دی</td><td>Befranbar 一月羱月</td><td>بەفرانبار</td><td>dʒadi (Capricorn) 一月羱月</td><td>جدی</td><td>marʁumaj 一月羱月</td><td>مرغومی</td></tr><tr><td>11</td><td>30</td><td>bæhmæn 二月水月</td><td>بهمن</td><td>Rêbendan 二月水月</td><td>ڕێبەندان</td><td>dalwa (Aquarius) 二月水月 
</td><td>دلو</td><td>salwɑʁə 二月水月</td><td>سلواغه</td></tr><tr><td>12</td><td>29/30</td><td>esfænd 三月鱼月</td><td>اسفند</td><td>Reşeme 三月鱼月</td><td>ڕەشەمە</td><td>howt (Pisces) 三月鱼月 
</td><td>حوت</td><td>kab 三月鱼月</td><td> 
</td></tr></tbody></table> 
 
 
<a href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%9C%97%E6%9B%86" target="_blank">http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%9C%97%E6%9B%86</a> 
 
伊朗曆                                        维基百科，自由的百科全书                
                                                                       
     跳转到： <a href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%9C%97%E6%9B%86#column-one" target="_blank">导航</a>, <a href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%9C%97%E6%9B%86#searchInput" target="_blank">搜索</a> 
                                                伊朗曆（波斯語：گاهشماری ایرانی‌‎，拉丁轉寫：Gahshomari-ye Irani），又名波斯曆或Jalaali曆，是目前在<a href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%9C%97" target="_blank">伊朗</a>和<a href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%AF%8C%E6%B1%97" target="_blank">阿富汗</a>使用的<a href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%99%BD%E6%9B%86" target="_blank">陽曆</a>。它的曆法是古波斯人基于觀察天象，而不是基于規則推算而來。透過從<a href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E9%BB%91%E8%98%AD" target="_blank">德黑蘭</a>(（或東經52.5度子午線）和<a href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%96%80%E5%B8%83%E7%88%BE" target="_blank">喀布爾</a>精確的天文觀測，確定每年第一天（Norouz）由<a href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%98%A5%E5%88%86" target="_blank">春分</a>開始。 
<table class="t_table" cellspacing="0"><tbody><tr><td>目录 [隐藏] 
<ul><li><a href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%9C%97%E6%9B%86#.E8.83.8C.E6.99.AF" target="_blank">1 背景</a></li><li><a href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%9C%97%E6%9B%86#.E7.B4.B0.E7.AF.80" target="_blank">2 細節</a></li><li><a href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%9C%97%E6%9B%86#.E4.BC.8A.E6.9C.97.E6.9B.86.E7.9A.84.E6.9C.88.E4.BB.BD.E5.90.8D.E7.A8.B1" target="_blank">3 伊朗曆的月份名稱</a></li><li><a href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%9C%97%E6%9B%86#.E5.9C.A8.E4.BC.8A.E6.9C.97.E6.97.A5.E6.9B.86.E8.A3.A1.E7.9A.84.E4.B8.80.E5.91.A8" target="_blank">4 在伊朗日曆裡的一周</a></li><li><a href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%9C%97%E6%9B%86#.E8.88.87.E5.85.AC.E6.9B.86.E9.96.93.E6.97.A5.E6.9C.9F.E3.80.81.E5.B7.A5.E4.BD.9C.E6.97.A5.E7.9A.84.E8.BD.89.E6.8F.9B" target="_blank">5 與公曆間日期、工作日的轉換</a></li></ul></td></tr></tbody></table> 
[<a href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%8A%E6%9C%97%E6%9B%86&action=edit&section=1" target="_blank">编辑</a>] 背景波斯人很早就瞭解<a href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9B%86%E6%B3%95" target="_blank">曆法</a>的重要性，並持續改良。他們是最早採用<a href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%99%BD%E6%9B%86" target="_blank">陽曆</a>的文化之一，並且曆法很早就採行<a href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3%E5%8E%86" target="_blank">太陽曆</a>曆法而不是<a href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%99%B0%E6%9B%86" target="_blank">陰曆</a>或者<a href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%99%B0%E9%99%BD%E6%9B%86" target="_blank">陰陽混合曆法</a>。太陽在伊朗傳統文化裡有重要的象徵意義。 
伊朗在1925年3月31日<a href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%A2%E6%96%AF%E8%AD%B0%E6%9C%83&action=edit&redlink=1" target="_blank">波斯議會</a>立法採用了伊朗曆，追溯公元<a href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/622%E5%B9%B4" target="_blank">622年</a>（<a href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A9%86%E7%BD%95%E9%BB%98%E5%BE%B7" target="_blank">穆罕默德</a>在那年從<a href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%BA%A5%E5%8A%A0" target="_blank">麥加</a>出行到<a href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%BA%A5%E5%9C%B0%E9%82%A3" target="_blank">麥迪娜</a>）為伊朗曆紀元元年，並以春分為每年的第一天，且指定月名和每個月的天數。且法條中再進一步申明官方反對民間慣用的<a href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%B4%E5%8E%86" target="_blank">陰曆</a>的立場。 
<a href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%AF%8C%E6%B1%97" target="_blank">阿富汗</a>也在1957年立法採用新伊朗曆，兩者除了月名不同，每個月的天數都相同。主要的差別在，阿富汗（阿富汗稱波斯語為Dari）沿用在1925年之前伊朗使用的傳統<a href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF%E8%AA%9E" target="_blank">阿拉伯語</a>月名而不是伊朗在1925年採用的新名。在阿富汗<a href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E6%99%AE%E4%BB%80%E5%9C%96&action=edit&redlink=1" target="_blank">普什圖</a>地區，則仍使用<a href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E4%BB%80%E5%9C%96%E8%AA%9E" target="_blank">普什圖語</a>的月名。 
 
[<a href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%8A%E6%9C%97%E6%9B%86&action=edit&section=2" target="_blank">编辑</a>] 細節伊朗日曆年的第一天是從<a href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%8D%8A%E7%90%83" target="_blank">北半球</a>春分日的午夜開始。古波斯天文學家由中午時間觀察北半球的太陽的高度確定；如果在連續兩個中午之間太陽的高度提升過它的<a href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A9%E7%90%83%E8%B5%A4%E9%81%93&action=edit&redlink=1" target="_blank">天球赤道</a>的
高度，那第一個中午為日曆年的最後一天，第二個中午則是下個日曆年的第一天。換句話說，波斯新年（Norouz）即是北半球春天的開始。伊朗曆月名由12
個波斯名字組成。前6個月是每月個31天，下5個月是30天，最後一個月平年29天，閏年30天。前6個月有31天和其餘30天的原因，不是設計者隨便決
定的，它是透過研究的事實，由於地球公轉是沿橢圓形軌道，在北半球的春天和夏天，地球接近遠日點，與秋天和冬天相比，繞太陽移動稍微緩慢。 
伊朗曆每月的期間與<a href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%98%9F%E5%BA%A7" target="_blank">黃道星座</a>期間大致相近。 
應特別注意，在1925年現代波斯日曆（伊朗曆1304年）之前，各月的長度每年不同，並且一個月也能由32天組成。例如，在伊朗曆1303年的各月的長
度分別是30，31，32，31，32，30，31，30，29，30，29以及30天，而在伊朗曆1302年的各月的長度是
30，31，32，31，31，31，31，29，30，29，30以及30天。 
<a href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%96%8F%E5%B9%B4" target="_blank">閏年</a>通常每4年一次，置閏方式，在各種各樣的陽曆系統不盡相同。4年的閏年週期平均給每年添加0.25天，但是與<a href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9B%9E%E5%BD%92%E5%B9%B4" target="_blank">回歸年</a>（地球繞太陽公轉的實際平均週期365.24219天）相比輕微的過長。波斯科學家們找出最簡潔的置閏方式是每128年置入31個閏年。 
波斯曆為維持每年的第一天是春分日，實際的置閏方式是，在六或七個4年閏年週期之后，會插入一個5年的閏年週期（即四個平年加一閏年）。為了建立5年閏年
週期的頻率，Jalali科學家們以2820年作為計算的基礎週期（因為春分每2820個回歸年，會在同一時間發生），將其分成21個128年的置閏週期
和1個132年的特殊置閏週期。適當地安排5年閏年週期的位置，即可解決春分日偏離與回歸年誤差。 
數百年來，波斯天文學家已嘗試許多不同的方法計算閏年的位置。在決定一伊朗曆年是平年還是閏年的公式是，將這一年加38後，乘以31，再除以128。當結
果的小數部分大於或等於0.31時，所指的這一年是一個平年。另一方面，如果小於0.31，則這一年是閏年，但是如果連續兩年小於0.31，則第一年是閏
年和第二年是平年。38代表從Hejira--穆罕默德從麥加聖地到麥迪娜，這伊朗日曆的第一年與2820年基礎週期開始的誤差，31是在一個128年的
週期時間中，伊朗曆與回歸年相合所需置入的閏年數量。 
雖然如此，因伊朗曆與回歸年之間仍然存在微細的誤差，在141,000年內，伊朗曆將背離太陽循環一天。不過，這遠比公曆的每5025年誤差一天小。

penkyamp 發表於 2009-7-19 15:57:17

<a style="font-family: Tahoma;" href="http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Category:fa:Months">http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Category:fa:Months</a> <h1 style="font-family: Tahoma;" id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading">Category:fa:Months</h1>

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The following is a list of <a href="http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Persian" title="Persian">Persian</a> words related to <a href="http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/months" title="months">months</a>.
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This category has only the following subcategory.
<h3>G</h3>
<ul><li><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeToggle" style="display: inline;" onclick="if (this.href) this.href='javascript:void(0)'; categoryTreeExpandNode('fa:Gregorian_calendar_months',{"mode":0,"hideprefix":20,"showcount":true,"namespaces":false},this);" title="expand">[+] <a class="CategoryTreeLabel CategoryTreeLabelNs14 CategoryTreeLabelCategory" href="http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Category:fa:Gregorian_calendar_months">fa:Gregorian calendar months</a> (0)</div>
</div>
</li></ul>
</div><div style="font-family: Tahoma;" id="mw-pages">
<h2>Entries in category 「fa:Months」</h2>
The following 12 pages are in this category, out of 12 total.
<table width="100%"><tbody><tr valign="top"><td>
<h3>آ</h3>
<ul><li><a href="http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86" title="آبان">آبان</a></li><li><a href="http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%B0%D8%B1" title="آذر">آذر</a></li></ul>
<h3>ا</h3>
<ul><li><a href="http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%A8%D9%87%D8%B4%D8%AA" title="اردیبهشت">اردیبهشت</a></li><li><a href="http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%81%D9%86%D8%AF" title="اسفند">اسفند</a></li></ul>
</td>
<td>
<h3>ب</h3>
<ul><li><a href="http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%87%D9%85%D9%86" title="بهمن">بهمن</a></li></ul>
<h3>ت</h3>
<ul><li><a href="http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%B1" title="تیر">تیر</a></li></ul>
<h3>خ</h3>
<ul><li><a href="http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF" title="خرداد">خرداد</a></li></ul>
<h3>د</h3>
<ul><li><a href="http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%8C" title="دی">دی</a></li></ul>
</td>
<td>
<h3>ش</h3>
<ul><li><a href="http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B1" title="شهریور">شهریور</a></li></ul>
<h3>ف</h3>
<ul><li><a href="http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%86" title="فروردین">فروردین</a></li></ul>
<h3>م</h3>
<ul><li><a href="http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF" title="مرداد">مرداد</a></li><li><a href="http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%87%D8%B1" title="مهر">مهر</a></li></ul>
</td>
</tr></tbody></table>
</div><div style="font-family: Tahoma;" class="printfooter">
Retrieved from "<a href="http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Category:fa:Months">http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Category:fa:Months</a>"</div>
<div style="font-family: Tahoma;" id="catlinks" class="catlinks"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Categories" title="Special:Categories">Categories</a>: <a href="http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Category:fa:Time" title="Category:fa:Time">fa:Time</a> | <a href="http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Category:Months" title="Category:Months">Months</a> | <a href="http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Category:fa:*Topics" title="Category:fa:*Topics">fa:*Topics</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Month">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Month</a> <h3>Iranian/Persian calendar</h3>
The <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iranian_calendar" title="Iranian calendar">Iranian / Persian calendar</a>, currently used in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a>, also has 12 months. The <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a> names are included in the parentheses.
<ol><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farvardin" title="Farvardin" class="mw-redirect">Farvardin</a> (فروردین)‎, 31 days</li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordibehesht" title="Ordibehesht" class="mw-redirect">Ordibehesht</a> (اردیبهشت)‎, 31 days</li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khordad" title="Khordad" class="mw-redirect">Khordad</a> (خرداد)‎, 31 days</li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tir_%28month%29" title="Tir (month)" class="mw-redirect">Tir</a> (تیر)‎, 31 days</li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mordad" title="Mordad">Mordad</a> (مرداد)‎, 31 days</li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shahrivar" title="Shahrivar">Shahrivar</a> (شهریور)‎, 31 days</li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehr" title="Mehr">Mehr</a> (مهر)‎, 30 days</li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aban" title="Aban">Aban</a> (آبان)‎, 30 days</li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azar" title="Azar">Azar</a> (آذر)‎, 30 days</li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dey" title="Dey">Dey</a> (دی)‎, 30 days</li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahman" title="Bahman" class="mw-redirect">Bahman</a> (بهمن)‎, 30 days</li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esfand" title="Esfand" class="mw-redirect">Esfand</a> (اسفند)‎, 29 days, 30 in leap years</li></ol> <h2>Months in various calendars</h2>
<a name="Beginning_of_the_lunar_month" id="Beginning_of_the_lunar_month"></a>
<h3>[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Month&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Beginning of the lunar month">edit</a>] Beginning of the lunar month</h3>
The <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenic_calendars" title="Hellenic calendars">Hellenic calendars</a>, the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebrew_calendar" title="Hebrew calendar">Hebrew Lunisolar calendar</a> and the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_calendar" title="Islamic calendar">Islamic Lunar calendar</a> started the month with the first appearance of the thin crescent of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_moon" title="New moon">new moon</a>.
However, the motion of the Moon in its <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbit" title="Orbit">orbit</a>
is very complicated and its period is not constant. The date and time
of this actual observation depends on the exact geographical longitude
as well as latitude, atmospheric conditions, the visual acuity of the
observers, etc. Therefore the beginning and lengths of months in these
calendars can not be accurately predicted.
While some like the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karaites" title="Karaites" class="mw-redirect">Karaites</a> Jews still rely on actual moon observations, most people use the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregorian_calendar" title="Gregorian calendar">Gregorian solar calendar</a>.
<a name="Julian_and_Gregorian_calendars" id="Julian_and_Gregorian_calendars"></a>
<h3>[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Month&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Julian and Gregorian calendars">edit</a>] Julian and Gregorian calendars</h3>
The <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregorian_calendar" title="Gregorian calendar">Gregorian calendar</a>, like the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julian_calendar" title="Julian calendar">Julian calendar</a> before it, has twelve months:
<table id="sortable_table_id_0" class="wikitable sortable">
<tbody><tr>
<th>#  <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Month#" class="sortheader" onclick="ts_resortTable(this);return false;"><img src="http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/sort_none.gif" alt="↓"></a></th>
<th>Alphabetic  <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Month#" class="sortheader" onclick="ts_resortTable(this);return false;"><img src="http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/sort_none.gif" alt="↓"></a></th>
<th>Days  <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Month#" class="sortheader" onclick="ts_resortTable(this);return false;"><img src="http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/sort_none.gif" alt="↓"></a></th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>1</td>
<td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January" title="January">January</a></td>
<td>31 <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Day" title="Day">days</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>2</td>
<td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/February" title="February">February</a></td>
<td>28 days, 29 in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leap_year" title="Leap year">leap years</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>3</td>
<td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/March" title="March">March</a></td>
<td>31 days</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>4</td>
<td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/April" title="April">April</a></td>
<td>30 days</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>5</td>
<td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/May" title="May">May</a></td>
<td>31 days</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>6</td>
<td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/June" title="June">June</a></td>
<td>30 days</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>7</td>
<td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/July" title="July">July</a></td>
<td>31 days</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>8</td>
<td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/August" title="August">August</a></td>
<td>31 days</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>9</td>
<td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/September" title="September">September</a></td>
<td>30 days</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>10</td>
<td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/October" title="October">October</a></td>
<td>31 days</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>11</td>
<td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/November" title="November">November</a></td>
<td>30 days</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>12</td>
<td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/December" title="December">December</a></td>
<td>31 days</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="dablink">One of Wikipedia's sister projects, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiktionary" title="Wiktionary">Wiktionary</a>,
provides translations of each of the Gregorian/Julian calendar months
into a dozen or more languages. Month-by-month links are provided here:
<a href="http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/January" class="extiw" title="wikt:January">January</a>, <a href="http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/February" class="extiw" title="wikt:February">February</a>, <a href="http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/March" class="extiw" title="wikt:March">March</a>, <a href="http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/April" class="extiw" title="wikt:April">April</a>, <a href="http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/May" class="extiw" title="wikt:May">May</a>, <a href="http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/June" class="extiw" title="wikt:June">June</a>, <a href="http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/July" class="extiw" title="wikt:July">July</a>, <a href="http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/August" class="extiw" title="wikt:August">August</a>, <a href="http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/September" class="extiw" title="wikt:September">September</a>, <a href="http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/October" class="extiw" title="wikt:October">October</a>, <a href="http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/November" class="extiw" title="wikt:November">November</a>, <a href="http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/December" class="extiw" title="wikt:December">December</a>.</div>
The average month in the Gregorian calendar has a length of 30.4167
days or 4.345 weeks in a non-leap year and 30.5 days or 4.357 weeks in
a leap year, or 30.436875 days in a mean Gregorian month overall
(365.2425 ÷ 12).
Months existing in the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_calendar" title="Roman calendar">Roman calendar</a> in the past include:
<ul><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercedonius" title="Mercedonius">Mercedonius</a>, an occasional month after February to realign the calendar.</li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quintilis" title="Quintilis">Quintilis</a>, renamed to July in honour of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius_Caesar" title="Julius Caesar">Julius Caesar</a>.</li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sextilis" title="Sextilis">Sextilis</a>, renamed to August in honour of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augustus" title="Augustus">Augustus</a>.</li></ul>
The famous <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mnemonic" title="Mnemonic">mnemonic</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thirty_days_hath_September" title="Thirty days hath September">Thirty days hath September</a> is the most common way of teaching the lengths of the months in the English-speaking world.
<div class="thumb tright">
<div class="thumbinner" style="width: 302px;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Month_-_Knuckles_%28en%29.svg" class="image" title="On top of the knuckles (yellow): 31 daysBetween the knuckles (blue): 30 daysFebruary (red) has 28 or 29 days."><img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Month_-_Knuckles_%28en%29.svg/300px-Month_-_Knuckles_%28en%29.svg.png" class="thumbimage" height="147" width="300"></a>
<div class="thumbcaption">
<div class="magnify"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Month_-_Knuckles_%28en%29.svg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"><img src="http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" alt="" height="11" width="15"></a></div>
On top of the knuckles (yellow): 31 days 
Between the knuckles (blue): 30 days 
February (red) has 28 or 29 days.</div>
</div>
</div>
The knuckles of the four fingers of one's hand and the spaces
between them can be used to remember the lengths of the months. By
making a fist, each month will be listed as one proceeds across the
hand. All months landing on a knuckle are 31 days long and those
landing between them are not. When the knuckle of the index finger is
reached (July), go back to the first knuckle (or over to the first
knuckle on the other fist, held next to the first) and continue with
August. This physical mnemonic has been taught to primary school
students for many decades.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Month#cite_note-1">[2]</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Month#cite_note-2">[3]</a>
<a name="Calends.2C_nones.2C_and_ides" id="Calends.2C_nones.2C_and_ides"></a>
<h4>[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Month&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Calends, nones, and ides">edit</a>] Calends, nones, and ides</h4>
The <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ides" title="Ides">ides</a> occur on the thirteenth day in eight of the months, but in March, May, July, and October, they occur on the fifteenth. The <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nones" title="Nones" class="mw-redirect">nones</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calends" title="Calends">calends</a> are always the first day of the month. always occur 8 days before the ides, i.e., on the fifth or the seventh. The 
<a name="Hebrew_Calendar" id="Hebrew_Calendar"></a>
<h3>[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Month&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Hebrew Calendar">edit</a>] Hebrew Calendar</h3>
The <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebrew_calendar" title="Hebrew calendar">Hebrew calendar</a> has 12 or 13 months.
<ol><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nisan" title="Nisan">Nisan</a>, 30 days ניסן</li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iyyar" title="Iyyar" class="mw-redirect">Iyyar</a>, 29 days אייר</li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sivan" title="Sivan">Sivan</a>, 30 days סיון</li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tammuz_%28Hebrew_month%29" title="Tammuz (Hebrew month)">Tammuz</a>, 29 days תמוז</li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Av" title="Av">Av</a>, 30 days אב</li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elul" title="Elul">Elul</a>, 29 days אלול</li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tishri" title="Tishri" class="mw-redirect">Tishri</a>, 30 days תשרי</li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heshvan" title="Heshvan" class="mw-redirect">Heshvan</a>, 29/30 days חשון</li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kislev" title="Kislev">Kislev</a>, 29/30 days כסלו</li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tevet" title="Tevet">Tevet</a>, 29 days טבת</li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shevat" title="Shevat">Shevat</a>, 30 days שבט</li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adar_1" title="Adar 1" class="mw-redirect">Adar 1</a>, 30 days, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intercalation" title="Intercalation">intercalary</a> month אדר א</li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adar_2" title="Adar 2" class="mw-redirect">Adar 2</a>, 29 days אדר ב</li></ol>
Adar 1 is only added 7 times in 19 years. In ordinary years, Adar 2 is simply called Adar.
<a name="French_Republican_calendar" id="French_Republican_calendar"></a>
<h3>[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Month&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: French Republican calendar">edit</a>] French Republican calendar</h3>
<div class="rellink noprint relarticle mainarticle">Main article: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_Republican_calendar" title="French Republican calendar" class="mw-redirect">French Republican calendar</a></div>
This calendar was proposed during the French Revolution, and used by
the French government for about twelve years from late 1793. There were
twelve months of 30 days each, grouped into three ten-day weeks called décades.
The five or six extra days needed to approximate the tropical year were
placed after the months at the end of each year. A period of four years
ending on a leap day was to be called a Franciade. It began at the autumn equinox:
<ul><li>Autumn:</li></ul>
<ol><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vend%C3%A9miaire" title="Vendémiaire">Vendémiaire</a></li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brumaire" title="Brumaire">Brumaire</a></li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frimaire" title="Frimaire">Frimaire</a></li></ol>
<ul><li>Winter:</li></ul>
<ol><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niv%C3%B4se" title="Nivôse">Nivôse</a></li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluvi%C3%B4se" title="Pluviôse">Pluviôse</a></li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vent%C3%B4se" title="Ventôse">Ventôse</a></li></ol>
<ul><li>Spring:</li></ul>
<ol><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germinal_%28French_Republican_Calendar%29" title="Germinal (French Republican Calendar)">Germinal</a></li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flor%C3%A9al" title="Floréal">Floréal</a></li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prairial" title="Prairial">Prairial</a></li></ol>
<ul><li>Summer:</li></ul>
<ol><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messidor" title="Messidor">Messidor</a></li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermidor" title="Thermidor">Thermidor</a></li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fructidor" title="Fructidor">Fructidor</a></li></ol>
<a name="Iranian.2FPersian_calendar" id="Iranian.2FPersian_calendar"></a>
<h3>[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Month&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Iranian/Persian calendar">edit</a>] Iranian/Persian calendar</h3>
The <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iranian_calendar" title="Iranian calendar">Iranian / Persian calendar</a>, currently used in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a>, also has 12 months. The <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a> names are included in the parentheses.
<ol><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farvardin" title="Farvardin" class="mw-redirect">Farvardin</a> (فروردین)‎, 31 days</li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordibehesht" title="Ordibehesht" class="mw-redirect">Ordibehesht</a> (اردیبهشت)‎, 31 days</li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khordad" title="Khordad" class="mw-redirect">Khordad</a> (خرداد)‎, 31 days</li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tir_%28month%29" title="Tir (month)" class="mw-redirect">Tir</a> (تیر)‎, 31 days</li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mordad" title="Mordad">Mordad</a> (مرداد)‎, 31 days</li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shahrivar" title="Shahrivar">Shahrivar</a> (شهریور)‎, 31 days</li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehr" title="Mehr">Mehr</a> (مهر)‎, 30 days</li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aban" title="Aban">Aban</a> (آبان)‎, 30 days</li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azar" title="Azar">Azar</a> (آذر)‎, 30 days</li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dey" title="Dey">Dey</a> (دی)‎, 30 days</li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahman" title="Bahman" class="mw-redirect">Bahman</a> (بهمن)‎, 30 days</li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esfand" title="Esfand" class="mw-redirect">Esfand</a> (اسفند)‎, 29 days, 30 in leap years</li></ol>
<a name="Islamic_calendar" id="Islamic_calendar"></a>
<h3>[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Month&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Islamic calendar">edit</a>] Islamic calendar</h3>
There are also twelve months in the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_calendar" title="Islamic calendar">Islamic calendar</a>. They are named as follows:
<ol><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muharram" title="Muharram">Muharram ul Haram</a> (or shortened to Muharram) محرّم</li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Safar" title="Safar">Safar</a> صفر</li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rabi%60-ul-Awwal" title="Rabi`-ul-Awwal" class="mw-redirect">Rabi`-ul-Awwal</a> (Rabi' I) ربيع الأول</li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rabi%60-ul-Akhir" title="Rabi`-ul-Akhir" class="mw-redirect">Rabi`-ul-Akhir</a> (or Rabi` al-Tיhaany) (Rabi' II) ربيع الآخر أو ربيع الثاني</li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jumaada-ul-Awwal" title="Jumaada-ul-Awwal" class="mw-redirect">Jumaada-ul-Awwal</a> (Jumaada I) جمادى الأول</li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jumaada-ul-Akhir" title="Jumaada-ul-Akhir" class="mw-redirect">Jumaada-ul-Akhir</a> (or Jumaada al-Thaany) (Jumaada II) جمادى الآخر أو جمادى الثاني</li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rajab" title="Rajab">Rajab</a> رجب</li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sha%27aban" title="Sha'aban">Sha'aban</a> شعبان</li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramadan_%28calendar_month%29" title="Ramadan (calendar month)">Ramadhan</a> رمضان</li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shawwal" title="Shawwal">Shawwal</a> شوّال</li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dhul_Qadah" title="Dhul Qadah" class="mw-redirect">Dhul Qadah</a> (or Thou al-Qi`dah) ذو القعدة</li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dhul_Hijja" title="Dhul Hijja" class="mw-redirect">Dhul Hijja</a> (or Thou al-Hijjah) ذو الحجة</li></ol>
See the article <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_calendar" title="Islamic calendar">Islamic calendar</a> for more information on the Islamic calendar.
<a name="Hindu_Calendar" id="Hindu_Calendar"></a>
<h3>[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Month&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Hindu Calendar">edit</a>] Hindu Calendar</h3>
The <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindu_Calendar" title="Hindu Calendar" class="mw-redirect">Hindu Calendar</a> has various systems of naming the months. The months in the lunar calendar are:
<ol><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaitra" title="Chaitra">Chaitra</a></li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaishakha" title="Vaishakha" class="mw-redirect">Vaishaakha</a></li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jyeshtha" title="Jyeshtha" class="mw-redirect">Jyaishtha</a></li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aashaadha" title="Aashaadha">Aashaadha</a></li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shraavana" title="Shraavana">Shraavana</a></li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhaadrapada" title="Bhaadrapada" class="mw-redirect">Bhaadrapada</a></li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aashvina" title="Aashvina" class="mw-redirect">Aashvayuja</a></li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaartika" title="Kaartika" class="mw-redirect">Kaartika</a></li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maargashiirsha" title="Maargashiirsha" class="mw-redirect">Maargashiirsha</a></li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pausha" title="Pausha">Pausha</a></li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maagha" title="Maagha">Maagha</a></li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phaalguna" title="Phaalguna" class="mw-redirect">Phaalguna</a></li></ol>
These are also the names used in the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_national_calendar" title="Indian national calendar">Indian national calendar</a> for the newly redefined months.
The names in the solar calendar are just the names of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zodiac" title="Zodiac">zodiac</a> sign in which the sun travels. They are
<ol><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aries_%28constellation%29" title="Aries (constellation)">Mesha</a></li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taurus_%28constellation%29" title="Taurus (constellation)">Vrishabha</a></li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gemini_%28constellation%29" title="Gemini (constellation)">Mithuna</a></li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancer_%28constellation%29" title="Cancer (constellation)">Kataka</a></li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leo_%28constellation%29" title="Leo (constellation)">Simha</a></li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virgo_%28constellation%29" title="Virgo (constellation)">Kanyaa</a></li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libra_%28constellation%29" title="Libra (constellation)">Tulaa</a></li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scorpius_%28constellation%29" title="Scorpius (constellation)" class="mw-redirect">Vrishcika</a></li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sagittarius_%28constellation%29" title="Sagittarius (constellation)">Dhanus</a></li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capricornus_%28constellation%29" title="Capricornus (constellation)" class="mw-redirect">Makara</a></li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquarius_%28constellation%29" title="Aquarius (constellation)">Kumbha</a></li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pisces_%28constellation%29" title="Pisces (constellation)">Miina</a></li></ol>
<a name="Tamil_calendar" id="Tamil_calendar"></a>
<h3>[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Month&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Tamil calendar">edit</a>] <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamil_calendar" title="Tamil calendar">Tamil calendar</a></h3>
<ol><li>Chitirai</li><li>Vaikasi</li><li>Aani</li><li>Aadi</li><li>Aavani</li><li>Purratasi</li><li>Aiypasi</li><li>Kaarthigai</li><li>Maargazhi</li><li>Thai</li><li>Maasi</li><li>Panguni</li></ol>
<a name="Sinhala_calendar" id="Sinhala_calendar"></a>
<h3>[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Month&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Sinhala calendar">edit</a>] Sinhala calendar</h3>
The Sinhala calendar is the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhist_calendar" title="Buddhist calendar">Buddhist calendar</a> in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a> with <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinhalese_language" title="Sinhalese language" class="mw-redirect">Sinhala</a> names. Each full moon <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poya" title="Poya">Poya</a> day marks the start of a Buddhist lunar month.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Month#cite_note-3">[4]</a> The first month is Vesak.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Month#cite_note-4">[5]</a> The Sinhala and Tamil New Year Day is the start of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindu_calendar" title="Hindu calendar">Hindu solar calendar</a> (usually 14 April), an event unrelated to the Bhuddist calendar.
<ol><li>Vesak</li><li>Poson</li><li>Esala</li><li>Nikini</li><li>Binara</li><li>Vap</li><li>Il (iL)</li><li>Unduvap</li><li>Duruthu</li><li>Navam</li><li>Medin</li><li>Bak</li></ol>
<a name="Icelandic.2FOld_Norse_calendar" id="Icelandic.2FOld_Norse_calendar"></a>
<h3>[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Month&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Icelandic/Old Norse calendar">edit</a>] Icelandic/Old Norse calendar</h3>
The old Icelandic calendar is not in official use anymore, but some
Icelandic holidays and annual feasts are still calculated from it. It
has 12 months, broken down into two groups of six often termed "winter
months" and "summer months". The calendar is peculiar in that the
months always start on the same <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weekday" title="Weekday" class="mw-redirect">weekday</a> rather than on the same <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calendar_date" title="Calendar date">date</a>. Hence <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C3%9Eorri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Þorri (page does not exist)">Þorri</a> always starts on a Friday sometime between January 19 and January 25 (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julian_calendar" title="Julian calendar">Old style</a>: January 9 to January 15), <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=G%C3%B3a&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Góa (page does not exist)">Góa</a> always starts on a Sunday between February 18 and February 24 (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julian_calendar" title="Julian calendar">Old style</a>: February 8 to February 14).
<ul><li>Skammdegi ("Short days")</li></ul>
<ol><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gorm%C3%A1nu%C3%B0ur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gormánuður (page does not exist)">Gormánuður</a> (mid October - mid November, "slaughter month" or "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%B3r" title="Gór" class="mw-redirect">Gór</a>'s month")</li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C3%9Dlir&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ýlir (page does not exist)">Ýlir</a> (mid November - mid December, "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yule" title="Yule">Yule</a> month")</li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=M%C3%B6rsugur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mörsugur (page does not exist)">Mörsugur</a> (mid December - mid January, "fat sucking month")</li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C3%9Eorri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Þorri (page does not exist)">Þorri</a> (mid January - mid February, "frozen snow month")</li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=G%C3%B3a&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Góa (page does not exist)">Góa</a> (mid February - mid March, "Góa's month, see <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%B3r" title="Nór">Nór</a>")</li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Einm%C3%A1nu%C3%B0ur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Einmánuður (page does not exist)">Einmánuður</a> (mid March - mid April, "lone" or "single month")</li></ol>
<ul><li>Náttleysi ("Nightless days")</li></ul>
<ol><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harpa" title="Harpa" class="mw-redirect">Harpa</a> (mid April - mid May, Harpa is a female name, probably a forgotten goddess, first day of Harpa is celebrated as <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumardagurinn_fyrsti" title="Sumardagurinn fyrsti" class="mw-redirect">Sumardagurinn fyrsti</a> - first day of summer)</li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Skerpla&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Skerpla (page does not exist)">Skerpla</a> (mid May - mid June, another forgotten goddess)</li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=S%C3%B3lm%C3%A1nu%C3%B0ur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sólmánuður (page does not exist)">Sólmánuður</a> (mid June - mid July, "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun" title="Sun">sun</a> month")</li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Heyannir&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heyannir (page does not exist)">Heyannir</a> (mid July - mid August, "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hay" title="Hay">hay</a> business month")</li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tv%C3%ADm%C3%A1nu%C3%B0ur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tvímánuður (page does not exist)">Tvímánuður</a> (mid August - mid September, "two" or "second month")</li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Haustm%C3%A1nu%C3%B0ur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Haustmánuður (page does not exist)">Haustmánuður</a> (mid September - mid October, "autumn month")</li></ol>
<a name="Old_English_calendar" id="Old_English_calendar"></a>
<h3>[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Month&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Old English calendar">edit</a>] Old English calendar</h3>
Like the Old Norse calendar, the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglo-Saxons" title="Anglo-Saxons">Anglo-Saxons</a>
had their own calendar before they were Christianized which reflected
native traditions and deities. These months were attested by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bede" title="Bede">Bede</a> in his work On Chronology written in the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/8th_Century" title="8th Century" class="mw-redirect">8th Century</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Month#cite_note-5">[6]</a>. His months are probably those as written in the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northumbria" title="Northumbria">Northumbrian</a> dialect of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_English" title="Old English">Old English</a> which he was familiar with. The months were so named after the moon; the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_moon" title="New moon">new moon</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Full_moon" title="Full moon">full moon</a> occurring in the middle of the month, after which the month was named. marking the end of an old month and start of a new month; the 
<ol><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C3%86ftera_Geol_mona%C3%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Æftera Geol monaþ (page does not exist)">Æftera Geol monaþ</a> (January, 'After <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yule" title="Yule">Yule</a> moon』</li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sol_mona%C3%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sol monaþ (page does not exist)">Sol monaþ</a> (February, 'Returning Sun moon』</li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hre%C3%B0_mona%C3%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hreð monaþ (page does not exist)">Hreð monaþ</a> (March, 'Moon of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hre%C3%B0a" title="Hreða" class="mw-redirect">Hreða</a>』)</li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eostur_mona%C3%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eostur monaþ (page does not exist)">Eostur monaþ</a> (April, 'Moon of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eostre" title="Eostre" class="mw-redirect">Eostre</a>』)</li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C3%90rimilce_mona%C3%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ðrimilce monaþ (page does not exist)">Ðrimilce monaþ</a> (May, 'Three milkings moon』)</li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C3%86rra_Li%C3%B0a_mona%C3%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ærra Liða monaþ (page does not exist)">Ærra Liða monaþ</a> (June, 'Before travelling moon』)</li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C3%86ftera_Li%C3%B0a_mona%C3%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Æftera Liða monaþ (page does not exist)">Æftera Liða monaþ</a> (July, 'After travelling moon』)</li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Weod_mona%C3%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Weod monaþ (page does not exist)">Weod monaþ</a> (August, 'Weed moon』)</li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Halig_mona%C3%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Halig monaþ (page does not exist)">Halig monaþ</a> (September, 'Holy moon』)</li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Winter_fylle%C3%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Winter fylleð (page does not exist)">Winter fylleð</a> (October, 'Winter fullmoon』) (the start of winter began at the fullmoon and is the origin of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halloween" title="Halloween">Halloween</a>)</li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Blot_mona%C3%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Blot monaþ (page does not exist)">Blot monaþ</a> (November, '<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bl%C3%B3t" title="Blót">Blót</a> moon』)</li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C3%86rra_Geol_mona%C3%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ærra Geol monaþ (page does not exist)">Ærra Geol monaþ</a> (December, 'Before <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yule" title="Yule">Yule</a> moon')</li></ol>
<a name="Old_Hungarian_calendar" id="Old_Hungarian_calendar"></a>
<h3>[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Month&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Old Hungarian calendar">edit</a>] Old Hungarian calendar</h3>
Historically Hungary used a 12-month calendar that appears to have been zodiacal in nature<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Month#cite_note-6">[7]</a> but eventually came to correspond to the Gregorian months as shown below<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Month#cite_note-7">[8]</a>:
<ol><li>Boldogasszony hava (January, 『month of the happy/blessed lady』)</li><li>Böjtelő hava (February, 『month of early fasting/Lent』 or 『month before fasting/Lent』)</li><li>Böjtmás hava (March, 『second month of fasting/Lent』)</li><li>Szent György hava (April, 『St. George』s month)</li><li>Pünkösd hava (May, 『Pentecost month』)</li><li>Szent Iván hava (June, 『St. Ivan』s month』)</li><li>Szent Jakab hava (July, 『St. James』 month』)</li><li>Kisasszony hava (August, 『month of the young lady 』)</li><li>Szent Mihály hava (September, 『St. Michael』s month』)</li><li>Mindszent hava (October, 『all saints month』)</li><li>Szent András hava (November, 『St. Andrew』s month』)</li><li>Karácsony hava (December, 『month of Yule/Christmas』)</li></ol>
<a name="Old_Egyptian_calendar" id="Old_Egyptian_calendar"></a>
<h3>[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Month&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Old Egyptian calendar">edit</a>] Old Egyptian calendar</h3>
The ancient civil Egyptian calendar had a year that was 365 days
long and was divided into 12 months of 30 days each, plus 5 extra days
(epagomenes) at the end of the year. The months were divided into 3
"weeks" of ten days each. Because the ancient Egyptian year was almost
a quarter of a day shorter than the solar year and stellar events
"wandered" through the calendar, it is referred to as Annus Vagus or
"Wandering Year".
<ol><li>Thout</li><li>Paopi</li><li>Hathor</li><li>Koiak</li><li>Tooba</li><li>Emshir</li><li>Paremhat</li><li>Paremoude</li><li>Pashons</li><li>Paoni</li><li>Epip</li><li>Mesori</li></ol>
<a name="Nisga.27a_calendar" id="Nisga.27a_calendar"></a>
<h3>[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Month&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Nisga'a calendar">edit</a>] Nisga'a calendar</h3>
The <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nisga%27a" title="Nisga'a">Nisga'a</a>
Calendar coincides with the Gregorian Calendar with each month
referring to the type of Harvesting that is done during the month.[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]
<ol><li>K'aliiyee = Going North - referring to the Sun returning to its usual place in the sky</li><li>Buxwlaks = Needles Blowing About - February is usually a very windy month in the Nass River Valley</li><li>Xsaak = To Eat Oolichans - Oolichans are harvested during this month</li><li>Mmaal = Canoes - The river has defrosted, hence canoes are used once more</li><li>Yansa'alt = Leaves are Blooming - Warm weather has arrived and leaves on the trees begin to bloom</li><li>Miso'o = Sockeye - majority of Sockeye Salmon runs begin this month</li><li>Maa'y = Berries - berry picking season</li><li>Wii Hoon = Great Salmon - referring to the abundance of Salmon that are now running</li><li>Genuugwwikw = Trail of the Marmot - Marmots, Ermines and animals as such are hunted</li><li>Xlaaxw = To Eat Trout - trout are mostly eaten this time of year</li><li>Gwilatkw = To Blanket - The earth is "blanketed" with snow</li><li>Luut'aa = Sit In - the Sun "sits" in one spot for a period of time</li></ol> </div></div>

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粵語協會's Archiver

伊朗历月份以十二星座命名