东兴市的伏波庙会与「马留人」
<br><div><br></div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12px; "><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="760" bgcolor="#f4f4f4" border="0"><tbody><tr><td align="middle" width="100%" colspan="3" style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 宋体; "><font size="4"><b>东兴市的伏波庙会与「马留人」</b><div align="center"><center><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" bordercolor="#111111" width="95%" style="border-collapse: collapse; "><tbody><tr><td style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 宋体; "> </td></tr><tr><td background="http://fcgrb.gxnews.com.cn/images/newsrd/zjback-4.gif" height="1" style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 宋体; "><img height="5" src="http://fcgrb.gxnews.com.cn/images/newsrd/zjback-4.gif" width="3" border="0"></td></tr><tr><td align="center" style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 宋体; "><p align="center"><font size="4"><font color="#808080" style="font-size: 14px; "> 2010年1月25日 </font></font><font color="#808080" size="2" style="font-size: 14px; "></font></p></td></tr><tr><td background="http://www.gxnews.cn/images/newsrd/zjback-4.gif" height="1" style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 宋体; "><img height="5" src="http://www.gxnews.cn/images/newsrd/zjback-4.gif" width="3" border="0"></td></tr></tbody></table></center></div><br></font></td></tr><tr><td width="100%" colspan="3" style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 宋体; "> </td></tr><tr><td width="60" style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 宋体; "> </td><td valign="top" width="640" height="400" style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 宋体; "><font size="3"><span id="content" style="font-size: 16px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); "><p align="center" style="line-height: 24px; "><strong> </strong> ● 廖国一</p><p align="center" style="line-height: 24px; "><br></p><p align="center" style="line-height: 24px; "> <a href="http://fcgrb.gxnews.com.cn/newsimages/2010-01-25/fcgwyfk/%E4%B8%AD%E8%B6%8A%E8%BE%B9%E6%B0%91%E7%9B%B8%E8%81%9A%E4%B8%9C%E5%85%B4%E7%A5%AD%E7%A5%80%E4%BC%8F%E6%B3%A2%E5%A4%A7%E5%B0%86%E5%86%9Bc2.jpg" target="_blank" style="text-decoration: none; color: navy; "><img alt="" hspace="0" src="http://fcgrb.gxnews.com.cn/newsimages/2010-01-25/fcgwyfk/%E4%B8%AD%E8%B6%8A%E8%BE%B9%E6%B0%91%E7%9B%B8%E8%81%9A%E4%B8%9C%E5%85%B4%E7%A5%AD%E7%A5%80%E4%BC%8F%E6%B3%A2%E5%A4%A7%E5%B0%86%E5%86%9Bc2_small9.jpg" onload="javascript:if(this.width>=600){this.width='580';}" border="0" align="baseline"></a></p><p style="line-height: 24px; "><br></p><p style="line-height: 24px; "> <b> <b>一、 东兴市的伏波庙会</b></b></p><p style="line-height: 24px; "><br></p><p style="line-height: 24px; "> 东兴市东郊罗浮垌伏波庙，离北仑河大约只有500米。该庙自明朝以来重建过数次，旨在纪念东汉名将马援及其将士。伏波将军马援为巩固边疆立下赫赫战功。在马援南征途经的岭南沿海地域，甚至越南，人们为其建立庙堂(伏波庙)加以供奉，进而演绎和积淀了丰富多彩的伏波文化，包括历史文化、宗教信仰、思想道德和民风民俗等。</p><p style="line-height: 24px; "><br></p><p style="line-height: 24px; "> 马援在历史上以「伏波将军」的称号闻名，他建立的战功，也常常与班超凿空西域并提。据《后汉书》卷二四《马援传》载，马援，字文渊，京兆扶风（长安扶风县）茂陵人。《后汉书》卷八十六《南蛮列传》中载：「至十六年，交趾女子征侧及其妹征贰反，攻郡。征侧者，麊泠县雒将之女也。嫁以朱鳶人诗索为妻，甚雄勇。交趾太守苏定绳之，侧忿，故反。于是九真、日南、合浦蛮里皆应之，凡略六十五城，自立为王。交趾太守及诸太守仅得自守。光武乃诏长沙、合浦、交趾具车船，修道桥，通障谿。十八年，遣伏波将军马援、楼船将军段志，发长沙、桂阳、零陵、苍梧兵万余人讨之。明年夏四月，援破交趾，斩征侧、征贰等，余皆降散。」马援班师回朝后，留下少量士兵和部分将领，这部分被称为「马留人」的人群，与当地的雒越人居住在一起。</p><p style="line-height: 24px; "><br></p><p style="line-height: 24px; "> 东汉以后，今广西、广东、海南境内部分地区逐渐开始崇祀马援。从有关的史料来看，至少从唐代开始，就有伏波庙在上述地区兴建。</p><p style="line-height: 24px; "><br></p><p style="line-height: 24px; "> 「我国历史悠久，人才辈出，圣贤典型相当多。一些地方官员和地方著名人物，若为百姓敬爱，常有庙祀和庙会的信仰。」（《马援文化研讨会文集》） 近两千年来，马伏波将军的英雄事迹、爱国精神和无量功德，一直被岭南人民广为传颂。马援也成为防城——东兴等地「马留人」等族群信仰的重要对象，防城港和东兴一带是伏波信仰最浓厚的地区。</p><p style="line-height: 24px; "><br></p><p style="line-height: 24px; "> 东兴罗浮垌伏波庙位于东兴市罗浮村金龟岭，建于清光绪十六年（1890年），是广西北部湾地区较有影响的伏波庙。近年来每年正月初四至初八在此举行伏波庙会，进行一系列的民俗活动。</p><p style="line-height: 24px; "><br></p><p style="line-height: 24px; "> 「马留人」祭拜伏波将军马援的伏波庙会十分隆重，庙会上举行各种各样的民俗活动，人们在伏波像前摆上各色供品，举行祭祀大典、降生童（隆生女）的降神祈福仪式，以及舞龙狮、武术表演、对歌及唱师公戏等活动，还延请越南的歌手前来「唱哈」等。伏波庙会上有防城、东兴、钦州、灵山、合浦、北海等地众多的 <b><font class="Apple-style-span" color="#4169E1">禤</font></b>、黄、<b><font class="Apple-style-span" color="#4169E1">施</font></b>、韦 等姓的「马留人」及越南边民参加这一庙会。祭拜仪式结束即开始入席乡饮，村民们团圆聚餐、济济一堂，大家端出鸡、鸭、鱼等等美味佳肴，在庙内庙外开怀畅饮，气氛融洽而热烈。罗浮垌伏波庙会具有祭神、飨饮、娱乐等功能。</p><p style="line-height: 24px; "><br></p><p style="line-height: 24px; "> 除了「马留人」对伏波将军的信仰以外，防城港——东兴一带的京族也信仰伏波将军。东兴市江平镇京族人聚居的红坎村伏波庙最为群众信奉。红坎村人主要为阮、吴、李、刘、林等姓，皆为京族。红坎村是每年的正月十五夜里祭祀伏波。其夜，全村人在长者的带领下，摆出各种供品，击鼓打锣，举行十分繁复的仪式来拜祭。当地的人们相信伏波能够有事必应，无不灵验。患病者来上香，特别是小孩子有了病，来过回去，便会痊愈。东兴市氵万尾村也是京族居住的主要村落之一。在该村的哈亭中，供奉有各种各样的神，其中有一个神是伏波将军。</p><p style="line-height: 24px; "><br></p><p style="line-height: 24px; "> 随着边民交往日益频繁，每年在东兴举行的「哈节」和庙会等民间活动，越南边民也会热情参与。此外，双方每年还会共同组织 东兴—芒街 国际商贸旅游博览会，以及东兴、芒街元宵足球友谊赛等一系列旨在促进双方经济发展、文化交流和增进边民友谊的活动。长期以来，当地民众以伏波庙为依托，通过民间歌会等形式，广交各族朋友，为弘扬伏波文化、构建民族和谐做了大量的工作。</p><p style="line-height: 24px; "><br></p><p style="line-height: 24px; "> （连载一）</p><p style="line-height: 24px; "><br></p></span></font><p><font size="3"><font size="2"><b> 来源:</b></font>防城港日报 <font size="2"><b> </b></font></font></p></td></tr></tbody></table></span></div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div><br></div>笑谈：何谓「马留」？
<br><div><br></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: tahoma, '宋体 fantasy'; font-size: 12px; line-height: 22px; "><div style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: auto; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: auto; "><br style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "></div><div style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: auto; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: auto; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: Verdana, Helvetica, Arial; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; "><p class="zdct8" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; line-height: 26px; margin-top: 4px; margin-right: 4px; margin-bottom: 4px; margin-left: 4px; "><strong style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; ">马留（馬留）</strong> <a href="http://www.rauz.net.cn/bbs/%3Ci%3Ejavascript%3C/i%3E:bwladd(%22%E9%A9%AC%E7%95%99%22)" title="添加 马留 到我的备忘录" class="bwladd" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-decoration: none; "><img src="http://www.zdic.net/images/bwlico.gif" alt="添至备忘录" onload="imgresize(this);" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; "></a></p><hr class="dichr" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; height: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; width: 1004px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; color: rgb(175, 154, 135); padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; clear: both; "><p class="zdct8" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; line-height: 26px; margin-top: 4px; margin-right: 4px; margin-bottom: 4px; margin-left: 4px; "><br style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "></p><p class="zdct8" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; line-height: 26px; margin-top: 4px; margin-right: 4px; margin-bottom: 4px; margin-left: 4px; ">(1).同「 马流 」。<span class="diczx1" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; color: rgb(0, 51, 102); ">《新唐书.南蛮传下.环王》</span>：「又有西屠夷，盖援还留不去者，才十户， 隋 末孳衍至三百，皆姓马 。俗以其寓，故号『马留人』。」 唐 段成式 <span class="diczx1" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; color: rgb(0, 51, 102); ">《酉阳杂俎.境异》</span>：「 马伏波有餘兵十家不返，居寿洽县 ，<b style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "><font size="4" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; line-height: normal; "><font color="red" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; line-height: normal; ">自相婚姻</font></font></b>，衍有二百户，以其流寓号 马留 。衣食与华同。」 清 惠士奇 <span class="diczx1" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; color: rgb(0, 51, 102); ">《送陈秋田先生之官长宁》</span>诗：「邑里时逢乌<b style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "><font size="4" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; line-height: normal; "><font class="Apple-style-span" color="#FF0000">蜑户</font></font></b>，居民多是马留人。」</p><p class="zdct8" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; line-height: 26px; margin-top: 4px; margin-right: 4px; margin-bottom: 4px; margin-left: 4px; "><br style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "></p><p class="zdct8" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; line-height: 26px; margin-top: 4px; margin-right: 4px; margin-bottom: 4px; margin-left: 4px; ">(2).<b style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "><font size="4" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; line-height: normal; "><font class="Apple-style-span" color="#FF0000">猴子</font></font></b>。<span class="diczx1" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; color: rgb(0, 51, 102); ">《苕溪渔隐丛话前集.宋朝杂记下》</span>引<span class="diczx1" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; color: rgb(0, 51, 102); ">《桐江诗话》</span>：「 吕惠卿 察访 京东 ， 吕 天资清瘦，语话之际，喜以双手指画，社人目之曰『説法马留』，又凑为七字曰『説法马留为察访』。」 宋 邵博 <span class="diczx1" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; color: rgb(0, 51, 102); ">《闻见后录》</span>卷十：「今世猴为马留，与其人形似耳。」参阅 明 李时珍 <span class="diczx1" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; color: rgb(0, 51, 102); ">《本草纲目.兽四.猕猴》</span>。参见「 马流 」。</p></span></div><div style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: auto; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: auto; "><br style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "></div><div style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: auto; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: auto; "><br></div><div style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: auto; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: auto; "><br></div><div style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: auto; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: auto; "><br></div><div style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: auto; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: auto; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><br></span></div><div style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: auto; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: auto; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">============</span></div><div style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: auto; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: auto; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><br></span></div><div style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: auto; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: auto; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><br></span></div><div style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: auto; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: auto; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><br></span></div><div style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: auto; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: auto; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">这班所谓的「马援留后人」，血统不可谓不「高贵」，开头得10户人，竟然可以「内部通婚」繁衍到两百几户人，还可以做埋「疍民」！徒添笑尔！</span></div><div style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: auto; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: auto; "><br></div><div style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: auto; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: auto; "><br></div><div style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: auto; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: auto; 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