文化廣州 之 廣州嘅遺跡舊址
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">黃花崗七十二烈士墓址</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"><p>?</p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">墓園座北向南,建築規模宏大,氣魄雄偉,占地面積</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">13</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">萬平方米,有<personname productid="孫中山" wst="on">孫中山</personname>先生題“浩氣長存”之牌坊式大門和墓亭、紀功坊,樂台,四方塘、黃花亭、西亭、石雕自由神像等建築。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">1921</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">年為紀念</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">1911</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">年廣州“三二九”起義而犧牲的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">72</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">位烈士所建,早期墓圓為著名設計師楊錫宗設計,孫中山親手栽植了青松,後經多次增建,至</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">1935</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">年基本建成。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"><p>?</p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">1961</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">年</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">3</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">月國務院公佈為全國重點文物保護單位。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"><p></p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">黃埔軍校舊址</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"><p>?</p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">黃埔軍校是<personname productid="孫中山" wst="on">孫中山</personname>先生在中國共產黨和共產國際的幫助下,為培養軍事政治幹部而創辦的新型軍校,創建於</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">1924</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">年</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">6</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">月</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">16</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">日,曾數度易名,通稱黃埔軍校,在中國近代史和軍事史上有重要地位。該軍校創辦後,成為中國第一次國共合作時期兩党培養軍事和政治英才的搖籃,軍校學生在支持工農運動傳播革命思想及東征軍閥陳炯明,統一廣東革命根據地和在北伐戰爭中,都發揮了重大作用,成為國民政府的重要支柱。軍校還培養了許多國共兩党的重要幹部,兩党的著名人士孫中山、蔣介石、廖仲愷、周恩來、葉劍英、聶榮臻等都曾在軍校擔任過重要職務。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"><p>?</p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">軍校本部建築原是清末陸軍小學堂,籌辦軍校時略加修葺,並在門前增建歐陸式大門,上懸校名。其四進三路,回廊相同的兩層樓房,為軍校各部辦公、授課和師生活動的主要場所,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">1938</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">年被日機炸毀。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">1996</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">年廣州市文化局制定重建方案,按“原位、原尺度、原面貌”修復,同年</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">11</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">月落成,建築面積</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">10600</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">平方米。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"><p>?</p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">1988</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">年</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">1</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">月國務院公佈為全國重點文物保護單位。 </span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"><p></p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">辛亥廣州起義指揮部舊址</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"><p>?</p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">是</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">1911</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">年廣州“三·二九”起義時的指揮部所在地,位於越秀路小東營</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">5</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">號,占地面積</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">443</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">平方米,為三進三間磚木結構式民房。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">1911</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">年</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">4</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">月</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">27</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">日(清宣統三年三月二十九日)下午</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">5</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">時</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">30</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">分,革命党人在黃興率領下,從此出發一舉攻入兩廣總督署,因未搜獲兩廣總督張鳴岐,便放火燒了總督署後退出。起義中,革命黨人犧牲</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">100</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">餘人,有姓名可考的有</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">86</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">人,其中有</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">72</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">位烈士安葬于黃花崗烈士墓園。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"><p>?</p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">此址原是私人物業,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">50</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">年代初,李誦剛遵照其父李章達(原廣東省人民政府副主席)的遺願,把這舊址捐獻給國家,辟為紀念館。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"><p>?</p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">1962</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">年</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">7</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">月廣東省人民委員會公佈為文物保護單位。</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">十九路軍淞滬抗日陣亡將士墳園</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"><p>?</p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">在先烈路沙河頂。是為紀念國民革命軍第十九路軍淞滬抗日英勇犧牲的將士而建的墳園。由著名建築師楊錫宗仿西方墓園形式設計,規模宏偉,占地面積約</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">4</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">萬平方米。墓門是花崗石結砌的,仿凱旋門式樣,高</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">16</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">米。門樓正面門額刻林森題書“十九路軍淞滬抗日陣亡將士墳園”字樣,背面刻宋子文題書的“碧血丹心”橫額。墳園後面主題建築為半月形柱廊,前面矗立一座花崗石砌成的圓柱形紀念碑,高約</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">20</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">米,碑底座正面鐫刻:“十九路軍淞滬抗日先烈紀念李濟深敬題”。紀念碑前有銅鑄戰士像、銅獅、銅寶鼎。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"><p>?</p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">1983</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">年</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">8</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">月廣州市人民政府公佈為文物保護單位。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">1990</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">年被公佈為全國近代優秀建築單位。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"><p></p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">中國國民黨</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">"</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">一大</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">"</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">舊址</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"><p>?</p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">原廣東高等師範學堂鐘樓底層的禮堂,總面積</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">300</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">多平方米。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">1924</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">年</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">1</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">月,<personname productid="孫中山" wst="on">孫中山</personname>先生在這裏主持召開了有共產黨人參加的中國國民黨第一次全國代表大會,會上孫中山重新解釋三民主義,闡述了國共兩黨合作的思想。這次大會的召開,標誌著國共兩黨第一次合作的實現和反帝反封建的革命統一戰線的形成。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"><p>?</p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">國民黨“一大”舊址前面有個寬闊的廣場,原是廣東大學的操場,面積約</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">17460</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">平方米,大革命時期,廣場是革命群眾集會活動的重要場所之一。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"><p>?</p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">1988</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">年</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">1</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">月國務院公佈為全國重點文物保護單位。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"><p></p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">孫中山大元帥府舊址</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"><p>?</p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">孫中山大元帥府舊址因孫中山</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">1917-1925</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">年間兩次在這裏建立大元帥府而得名。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"><p>?</p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">孫中山大元帥府前身為廣東士敏土(</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">cement</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">)廠,始建於清光緒</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">33</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">年(</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">1907</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">年),生產規模僅次於天津開平水泥廠,是當時我國第二大水泥廠。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"><p>?</p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">1917</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">年</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">7</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">月,孫中山率領部分海軍南下,在廣州召開國會非常會議,建立中華民國軍政府,開展護法運動。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">1918</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">年</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">5</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">月,由於受盤踞在廣東的桂系軍閥及政學系的破壞和干擾,孫中山辭海陸軍大元帥職離開廣州,護法運動以失敗而告終。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">1923</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">年</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">2</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">月孫中山重返廣州,建立陸海軍大元帥大本營。大本營成立初期先後平定了沈鴻英叛亂和東江叛亂,進一步鞏固了廣東革命根據地。這一時期孫中山的思想和政策發生了重大轉變,在共產國際和中國共產黨的幫助下,改組國民黨、實現國共合作、開展國民革命。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">1924</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">年</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">11</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">月孫中山應邀北上商談國是,於次年</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">3</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">月</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">12</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">日在北京病逝。</span><chsdate year="1925" month="7" day="1" islunardate="False" isrocdate="False" wst="on"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">1925</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">年</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">7</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">月</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">1</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">日</span></chsdate><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">,</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">中華民國國民政府在廣州正式成立,大本營完成了它的歷史使命。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">孫中山逝世後,這裏又作為國父文化教育館兩廣分館、國父紀念館等。廣州解放後,該處先後成為部隊和省有關部門的辦公用房,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">1964-1998</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">年成為廣東省農業機械供應公司辦公、居住用房。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">1998</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">年</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">10</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">月,大元帥府舊址被移交給廣州市文物管理部門,籌建孫中山大元帥府紀念館。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"><p>?</p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">大元帥府總占地面積為</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">8020</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">平方米,由南北兩座主體大樓、東、西廣場和正門等組成。兩座主體大樓為三層券拱的殖民地式建築。廣東省農業機械公司</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">1964</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">年進駐大元帥府舊址後,在保護範圍內修建了三幢居民宿舍樓,其中正門處的六層居民宿舍樓,直接騎壓了大元帥府的原門樓,但殘存的門柱和基石仍清晰可見。西邊兩幢八層宿舍樓則為大元帥府廚房、衛兵房等所在地。廣州市人民政府</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">2001</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">年決定投入</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">1500</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">萬搬遷六層居民宿舍樓,並複建大元帥府門樓。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"><p>?</p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">1983</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">年</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">8</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">月孫中山大元帥府舊址被廣州市人民政府公佈為市級文物保護單位,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">1989</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">年</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">6</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">月被廣東省人民政府公佈為省級文物保護單位,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">1996</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">年</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">11</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">月被國務院公佈全國重點文物保護單位。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"><p>?</p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">大元帥府舊址主體建築的已維修復原,原址籌建孫中山大元帥府紀念館,已於</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">2001</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">年底對社會開放。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"><p></p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">東征陣亡烈士墓</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"><p>?</p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">位於東郊黃埔長洲島萬松嶺。是紀念黃埔軍校師生在</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">1925</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">年兩次東征中光榮犧牲的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">516</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">位烈士的墓園。墓園占地面積約</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">5</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">萬平方米,由紀念坊、墓道、涼亭、墓塚和紀功坊組成一中軸線。墓園坐南向北,面臨珠江,後枕萬松嶺,依山而建,氣勢雄偉,有“小黃花崗”之稱。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"><p>?</p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">1988</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">年</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">1</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">月國務院公佈該墓與黃埔軍校舊址為全國重點文物保護單位。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"><p></p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">三元古廟抗英誓師舊址</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"><p>?</p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">原是當地人民群眾供奉北帝的一座道教神廟——三元古廟,建於清康熙年間。道光二十一年四月初九日(</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">1841</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">年</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">5</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">月</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">29</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">日)三元里人民為反抗英軍侵略在三元古廟前誓師,以廟內的三星旗為指揮旗,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">103</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">鄉民眾及部分絲織工人、打石工人、水勇等七八千人痛擊英軍,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">6</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">月</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">1</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">日英軍倉惶撤退,離開廣州。三元里人民的抗英鬥爭為中國近代史寫下了光輝的篇章。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"><p>?</p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">舊址在第二次鴉片戰爭時被英法侵略軍焚毀,現址是咸豐十年(公元</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">1860</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">年)三元里村民眾集資重建的,後人稱平英團舊址。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"><p>?</p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">1961</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">年</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">3</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">月國務院公佈為全國重點文物保護單位。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"><p></p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">拜庭許大夫家廟</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"><p>?</p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">拜庭許大夫家廟位於越秀區高第街許地</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">41</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">號後座。從商業氣息濃厚的北京路轉入高地街,再沿幽深蜿蜒的小巷拐入許地,老街的氣息立即撲面而來。院裏屋角勾翹,朱瓦層層,古色古香。 </span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"><p>?</p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">相傳許氏家族為炎帝後裔,許家祠所以冠名“拜庭”,則源於拜庭是許家興旺騰達的大功臣。生於清代的拜庭家境困窘,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">13</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">歲即到鹽店做童工。一次,聰明勤懇的拜庭與另兩家鹽商同時出海購鹽,歸途忽遇暴風,獨得拜庭一人指揮正確得以返航,所在鹽店因無競爭對手大賺了一筆。事後,拜庭航海有術、經營有方的口碑便流傳開來,各大鹽商競相出高價聘請拜庭,但他以道義為重仍為原店服務。店主有感于拜庭忠厚,遂分股予拜庭。拜庭愈加盡心盡力,終成廣州一大鹽商。後拜庭長子率族人在高第街修祠堂,建大宅,即今日的許地。 </span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"><p>?</p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">許家出過許多風雲人物,如粵軍總司令許崇智,著名教育家、中山大學校長許崇清,中華女傑許廣平,辛亥革命元老許崇灝等。就連著名美籍華人<personname productid="陳香梅" wst="on">陳香梅</personname>女士、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">30</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">年代著名影星陳雲裳、粵劇表演家紅線女、好萊塢明星盧燕等都是許家的親戚。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"><p>?</p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">2002</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">年</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">8</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">月廣州市人民政府公佈為文物保護單位。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"><p></p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">省港罷工委員會舊址</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"><p>?</p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">位於東堤挹翠路與東園路交界處。原是廣東水師提督李准的花園別墅,名“東園”,總面積</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">2.5</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">萬平方米。省港罷工爆發後,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">1925</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">年</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">7</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">月,在這裏建立大罷工的領導機構——省港罷工委員會,罷工領導人蘇兆征等在此辦公。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">1926</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">年</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">11</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">月</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">6</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">日,省港罷工委員會的房子遭帝國主義收買的反動分子縱火焚毀,曆劫猶存的僅有</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">1</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">座門樓和紅樓前的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">1</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">棵大樹。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">1984</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">年政府撥款在原地重建了“紅樓”。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"><p>?</p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">1962</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">年</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">7</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">月廣東省人民委員會公佈為文物保護單位。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"><p></p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">市立中山圖書館舊址</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"><p>?</p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">始建於</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">1929</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">年的市立中山圖書館舊址(現孫中山文獻館,省立中山圖書館下屬機構),至今仍巍然聳立,是省內為數不多仍保存完好的民國初期建築。 </span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"><p>?</p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">1927</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">年</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">6</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">月,當時的市政委員長(相當於現在的市長)林雲陔提出籌建廣州市立中山圖書館,後獲美國、加拿大、墨西哥、古巴四國</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">1.5</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">萬名華僑捐贈</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">20</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">多萬美元(合當時的廣東毫洋</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">30</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">多萬元),最後定址久負盛名的廣府學宮———此地從宋紹聖三年(</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">1097</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">年)起,先後是廣州府儒學(文廟)、番山書院、萬木草堂所在地。工程由當時著名的建築學家林克明設計,於</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">1933</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">年</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">10</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">月落成,系宮殿式建築物,綠瓦朱簷,頗為壯麗。 </span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"><p>?</p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">1938</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">年,廣州被日軍攻陷,幸而早在抗戰之初,該館就將藏書中的珍善本及重要資料</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">5</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">萬餘冊疏散到市郊龍歸及廣西象縣保存。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">1946</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">年圖書館複館,接收偽市立圖書博物館書刊</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">12</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">萬多冊,掛圖</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">168</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">幅,取回前存龍歸的藏書,並追回被日寇掠去的一部分圖書。 </span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"><p>?</p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">民國時期,著名史學<personname productid="家羅香林" wst="on">家羅香林</personname>先生及其夫人朱曾先後擔任過館長。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">1946-1949</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">年朱任館長期間,在財力、人力極其匱乏的情況下將圖書館重開,並收回大部分流散的圖書,還首創巡迴書車進入各區,將書籍大批借給學校、團體閱覽研究,成為廣州最早的“汽車圖書館”。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"><p>?</p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">2002</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">年</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">8</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">月廣州市人民政府公佈為文物保護單位。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"><p></p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">咨議局舊址</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"><p>?</p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">該舊址建于宣統元年(公元</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">1909</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">年),為一組中西合壁的建築群,坐北向南,自南至北有中式大門(已毀),石砌荷池拱橋,主樓仿西方古羅馬式的議會大樓形式,主樓兩層,前圓後方,大廳屋頂為半球形,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">8</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">柱環列,空間開闊,兩層內外有回廊。大門口入口在</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">1948</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">年改建為羅馬式的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">4</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">條大圓柱,氣勢軒昂。 </span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"><p>?</p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">1911</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">年</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">10</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">月武昌起義後,</span><chsdate year="2007" month="11" day="9" islunardate="False" isrocdate="False" wst="on"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">11</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">月</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">9</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">日</span></chsdate><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">廣東各界代表在咨議局集會,莊嚴宣佈廣東脫離清政府獨立,成立都督府,後改為非常國會,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">1921</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">年</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">5</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">月,孫中山在此宣誓就任非常大總統。第一次國共合作時期,這裏是國民黨中央党部,國共兩党不少領導人曾在此工作。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"><p>?</p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">50</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">年代在這裏建立了廣東革命歷史博物館。 </span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"><p></p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">萬木草堂</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"><p>?</p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">原為邱氏書院,為三間三進、兩天井、硬山頂的青磚祠堂式建築,面積</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">663</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">平方米。中法戰爭後,康有為為了推行其維新變法主張,於</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">1891</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">年在此設萬木草堂,聚徒講學,宣傳改良主義思想,開展政治活動。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"><p>?</p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">1983</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">年</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">8</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">月廣州市人民政府公佈為重點文物保護單位。</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">鳳鳴古塚</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"><p>?</p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">提起孔子,人們自然會想起中原、山東。大約</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">1000</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">年前,孔氏家族的一支南遷廣州,其祖墓群坐落于白雲區新市鎮紅路水庫東邊望崗村的山坡上,依山涉水,風景秀麗。因當地名為鳳鳴崗,史稱鳳鳴古塚。 </span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"><p>?</p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">墓群順山勢由上至下排列,上方是孔子第</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">43</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">代孫孔承體,即宋代初年(公元</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">967</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">年)南遷廣州始祖之墓。墓群下方列有進士碑</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">5</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">個,舉人碑</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">28</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">個,顯示孔子後裔在宋、明、清三代均有不少人步入仕途。 </span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"><p>?</p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">南遷的孔氏後人分居廣州的白雲區、從化和番禺孔邊、小龍,南海的石碣、羅格、孔村,順德的上湧等地,但至今保留著中原重陽掃墓的習俗,每年重九自清晨到黃昏,從各地前來鳳鳴古塚掃墓的孔氏後人絡繹不絕,不下數千人。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"><p>?</p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">2002</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">年</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">8</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">月廣州市人民政府公佈為文物保護單位。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"><p></p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">雲從龍墓</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"><p>?</p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">位於沙河鎮五仙橋雲家山的雲從龍墓,是廣東地區唯一保存的元代皇帝禦旨賜葬古墓,具有極高的歷史文物價值。 </span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"><p>?</p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">雲從龍是蒙古族人,號稱三將軍,即集宣武將軍、征南大將軍、昭勇大將軍三大頭銜於一身,朝中地位顯赫,曾帶兵進入廣西及越南北部一帶平叛,勞苦功高,死後被元政府追贈為正一品官。又因其功在邊疆,皇帝諭賜葬于廣州白雲山後峰梅林。雲墓占地約</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">4107</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">平方米,墓園正門牌坊宏闊,四柱以飛簷琉璃裝飾,雲氏的大型山手墓設在二層平臺上,像一位飽經風雨的老人,默默佇立在雲家山上。</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;"><p>?</p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">雲氏子孫遍佈廣東、海南、臺灣等省,海外則集中在泰國、越南、馬來西亞等地。並相繼有後裔在泰國出任外交部長、財政部長、工商部長、曼谷市長、外交部次長等要職。每年都有很多雲氏族人從世界各地前來祭祖,今廣州市榨粉街</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">67</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">號的“雲氏試館”就是其族人聚會的大本營。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;"><p>?</p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">2002</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">年</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">8</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">月廣州市人民政府公佈為文物保護單位。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;"><p></p></span></p>
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