[原創]批判皇汉南乡子系列!
<p>批判皇汉南乡子的原因及文章的章目(待写)。</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><font color="#0000ff"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">第一章:驳皇汉南乡子的“水稻和南方土著无关系”说。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff;"><p></p></span></font></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><font color="#0000ff"></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><font color="#0000ff"></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><font color="#0000ff"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">中国史书慷称世界之最,但史书中所记载的内容是否一定全面、准确和客观呢,有没错漏和矛盾呢。我们应该如何看待史书中的信息呢。南乡子引用《</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma;">赤雅》</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma;">:(明朝末年〉说:</span><strong><span>“獠俗略与獞同,而奢杀尤甚。居无酋长,深山穷谷,积木以居,名曰干栏,射生为活,杂食虫豸</span><span style="COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma;">。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">”</span></strong><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">和</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">《</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma;">宋史</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">·</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma;">蛮夷</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">》《峒溪纤志》</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">谓</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">:</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #cc99ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">“</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">獠人处於岭表海外,射生为活,吞噬昆虫”。来证明南方百越土著不会种植水稻,必须依靠劫掠汉人为生,壮族与历史上的百越没有关系。但事实真的是如此吗?</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff;"><p></p></span></font></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: blue;"><p><strong><font color="#0000ff"></font></strong></p></span></p><p><strong><font color="#0000ff"></font></strong></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><font color="#0000ff"><strong><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">獠,是古代中原王朝对南方诸多民族的范称之一,包括苗族,瑶族,壮族,侗族等等</span></strong><strong><span style="COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma;">。</span></strong><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">按史籍所载,古代獠分布于广东、广西、湖南、四川、贵州、云南、湖北等省区。</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">唐书《通典》“</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">獠盖蛮之别种”。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff;"><p></p></span></font></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><font color="#0000ff"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">北宋庆元年间(公元</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff;">1041-1048</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">),湖南瑶族起义,余痉多次称之为“山僚”“蛮僚”。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff;"><p></p></span></font></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><font color="#0000ff"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">唐朝,“潮、成五州僚反,高州酋长冯</span><strong><span style="COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial;">盎驰旨京师,请讨之”</span><span style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial;">〈资治通鉴〉卷一七九</span><span style="COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial;">。而唐朝的潮州多</span></strong><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">畲族,<font size="3"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">瑶族和畲族都属于苗蛮民族,却被称为“僚”。</span>可见,“僚”在某些时候除了可以指百越民族外,还可以指部分苗蛮民族。</font></span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><font color="#0000ff"></font></span></p><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff;"><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><font color="#0000ff"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">广西是一个多民族聚居的地方,除了汉族和壮族外,还有侗族和</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial;">仡佬等民族。</span><strong><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">对于侗族</span></strong><strong><span style="COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma;">,</span></strong><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">《</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma;">赤雅》中描述“</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">侗亦僚类,不善杀,善音乐,弹胡琴,吹六倌,长歌闭目,摇首顿足……”。侗族人民的水稻种植有悠久的历史,尤其喜种糯稻,侗乡素有</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff;">“</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">糯谷之乡</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff;">”</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">的美称。在</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial;">《行边纪闻》曰:“仡佬,一曰僚”,《贵州通志·土民志》引《嘉靖图经志》亦云“仡佬,古称僚”。可见此“僚”即仡佬之先民。湘黔一带仡佬族农业生产比较发达,宋</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial;">《溪蛮丛笑》</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial;">载,这一带仡佬族“周围数十里皆膏腴之田”。壮族、侗族、仡佬等民族都曾经被封建王朝称作“僚”,那么</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">《</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma;">赤雅》</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma;">里“</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">射生为活”的“僚”仅仅是广西众多“僚”类中的一种</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial;">。</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma;">所谓的</span><strong><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">“射生为活”反映的只是广西某个獠人部族的社会发展情况,并不能代表整个獠人群体。就好比西南地区的“高山汉”的落后局面不能代表真个汉族的真实情况一样。</span></strong><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">封建统治者往往根据僚人的情况分为生僚和熟僚。生僚既是社会水平较低,又不服从朝廷管理的僚人。而熟僚则是汉化程度较高,被朝廷纳入户籍管理,部分承担各种税收徭役的僚人。“僮”这一称呼最初来源于宋代</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial;">范成大《桂海虞衡志》“庆远、南丹溪洞之民呼为僮”和宋人朱辅《溪蛮丛笑》“今有五</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: Arial;">:</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial;">曰苗、曰瑶、曰僚、曰僮、曰仡佬</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: Arial;">” </span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial;">及李曾伯上赵理宗的奏折提到宜州</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: Arial;">(</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial;">今广西宜山一带</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: Arial;">)</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial;">的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: Arial;">“</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial;">撞丁</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: Arial;">”</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial;">,这里的“僮”指的只是广西一小部分地区的僚人,但从明清两代对僮人的记录来看,僮人已经泛指广西大部分地区的僚人,既“熟僚”。很显然,</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">《</span><span>赤雅》中<strong>“射生为活,杂食虫豸</strong></span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;"><strong>”</strong></span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma;">的僚人指的是“生僚”。</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><font color="#0000ff"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma;"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff;"><p></p></span></font></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><font color="#0000ff">南乡子企图以广西一部分獠人的情况来掩盖僚人整体的实际情况,目的是为其污蔑南方土著是劫匪,为封建王朝的征讨提供依据,借口南方土著不会种水稻,得出土著在封建王朝征讨之下,被杀死,或饿死或病死的结论,只有这样,民族融合才不会发生,才不会妨碍其皇汉血统的纯正性。那到底是不是这样呢,先让我们来看看南方土著的水稻历史。</font></span></strong></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><font color="#0000ff"></font></span></strong></p><strong><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"></span></strong><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt;"><font size="3"><font color="#0000ff"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">一:考古学上的发现</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: red;"><p></p></span></font></font></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt;"><font color="#0000ff"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff;"><font face="Times New Roman">1</font></span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">:远古时期:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff;"><p></p></span></font></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 20.9pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.99;"><font color="#0000ff"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">在距今约</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff;"><font face="Times New Roman">12000</font></span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">年</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">广东</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">英德牛栏洞的第二、三期文化堆积层中出土了水稻硅质体,但未见有栽培稻的存在。</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">现今岭南最早的稻谷遗址是石峡遗址,距今年代不超过公元前</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: blue;"><font face="Times New Roman">3000</font></span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">年,在其第?层文化层的九座墓葬发现有稻壳和稻草碎屑,根据鉴定,这些稻谷和稻米均属于栽培稻,包括籼稻和粳稻两个亚种而以籼稻为主。</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial;">广西资源晓锦遗址(距今约</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: Arial;">5000</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial;">年~</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: Arial;">3200</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial;">年左右)</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">出土炭化稻</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff;"><font face="Times New Roman">13000</font></span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">多粒。</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">而在台湾的凤鼻头文化遗址(公元前</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: blue;"><font face="Times New Roman">2170</font></span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">前后)中也发现有稻谷遗存。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff;"><p></p></span></font></p><p></p><p></p><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 24pt;"><font face="宋体"><font size="3"><font color="#0000ff"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: blue;">另外,在广西南宁等地曾出土大石铲(公元前<span lang="EN-US">5000</span>前后),大石铲是一种木石复合式的生产工具,主要用于翻土、疏沟、理埂或平整土地。大石铲的出现,被许多农业学者看成是稻作农业发展的标志。石杵、石磨棒、石球等则是新石器时代先民加工粒状食物的重要工具。因为华南珠江流域的古代粒状食物主要是稻谷。小米<span lang="EN-US">(</span>粟<span lang="EN-US">)</span>的原产地不在华南,至今华南仍很少种植。小麦是唐代才传人华南的,高粱、玉米的传人更是后来的事情</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;">。<span style="COLOR: blue;">另外,华南、台湾等地还出土了石锛、斧、锄、镰等众多的农业工具,我们有理由相信先秦时期的华南地区已经有了原始的水稻农</span><span style="COLOR: #3366ff;">业。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></span></font></font></font></p><p></p><p></p><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 24pt;"><font face="宋体"><font size="3"><font color="#0000ff"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: #3366ff;">云南白羊村遗址(距今<span lang="EN-US">4000</span>年)中,发掘出窖穴<span lang="EN-US">48</span>个,分布于房基近旁,多数窖内储有谷类作物</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: red;">(</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: red;">云南博物馆《云南宾川白羊村新石器时代遗址》<span lang="EN-US">)</span>,</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: #3366ff;">早在<span lang="EN-US">1939</span>一<span lang="EN-US">1940</span>年,著名学者吴金鼎、王介忱等人就对大理点苍山的马龙、佛顶、中和、龙泉及白云诸峰的史前遗址进行了考古发掘,在他们的报告中说:<span lang="EN-US">“</span>苍山坡上,几经古人居住之地,必有阶梯式之平台<span lang="EN-US">……</span>经发掘后,证明此类平台为古人住处及农田两种遗址。为适于旱地之农作物”<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></font></font></font></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><font color="#0000ff"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff;"><font face="Times New Roman">2</font></span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">:</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff;"><font face="Times New Roman"><br/>?????????</font></span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">商周至先秦时期</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff;"><p></p></span></font></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 31.5pt; mso-char-indent-count: 3.0;"><font color="#0000ff"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">进入到近</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff;"><font face="Times New Roman">3000</font></span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">年左右的商周时期,福建南安丰州狮子山遗址、</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">(许清泉、王洪涛:《福建丰州狮子山新石器遗址》,《考古》</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: red;"><font face="Times New Roman">1961</font></span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">年</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: red;"><font face="Times New Roman">4</font></span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">期)</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">永春九兜山遗存(商代)等都出现了稻草、谷壳、稻米等遗物。越南冯原文化遗存中也出现了稻谷及盛有谷物的陶罐。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff;"><font face="Times New Roman">1975</font></span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">年在江西新干县界埠袁家村的赣江边发现了两座大型战国粮仓遗址,平面呈长方形,长</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff;"><font face="Times New Roman">61.5</font></span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">,宽</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff;"><font face="Times New Roman">11</font></span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">米,从大量瓦片及柱洞判断为土木结构房子。屋顶铺瓦,仓内地面开四条平行的纵沟及一些小横沟以利空气流通。仓内堆积厚约</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff;"><font face="Times New Roman">0.3</font></span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">至</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff;"><font face="Times New Roman">1.2</font></span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">米的炭化米粒,经鉴定均为粳米。</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">徐坚《初学记》卷</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: red;"><font face="Times New Roman">27</font></span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">引。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: red;"><p></p></span></font></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 20.9pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.99;"><font color="#0000ff"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">广西平乐银山岭的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff;"><font face="Times New Roman">110</font></span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">座战国墓中,出土物总数</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff;"><font face="Times New Roman">1044</font></span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">件,其中铁器</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff;"><font face="Times New Roman">181</font></span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">件,铜铁合铸器</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff;"><font face="Times New Roman">11</font></span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">件,二者占出土物总数的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff;"><font face="Times New Roman">17</font></span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff;"><font face="Times New Roman">3</font></span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">%。这里出土的铁刮刀、双肩铁钺等造型独特,为越人所铸无疑。这批墓葬还普遍随葬铁锸、锄等农具,表明铁农具在部分西瓯骆越人中已开始逐渐普及。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: red;"><font face="Times New Roman">(</font></span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial;">广西区文物工作队:《平乐银山岭战国墓》,《考古学报》</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: Arial;">1978</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial;">年第</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: Arial;">2</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial;">期</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: Arial;">)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff;"><p></p></span></font></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><font color="#0000ff"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">广西那坡县感驮岩遗址夏商时期地层发现了大量的炭化稻。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff;"><p></p></span></font></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><font color="#0000ff" size="3">贵州威宁中水史前至汉代遗址的鸡公山和吴家大坪遗址考古挖掘中,发现大量农作物,主要是稻谷。吴家大坪遗址有3个坑内出土大量稻米,鸡公山遗址在发掘的300多个坑中,80%以上的坑都有稻米颗粒出土。经技术检测,出土的稻米距今3115年左右。中国社会科学院考古所赵志军研究员初步研究后认为,稻米颗粒短粗,比现在水田种植的粳稻还短小,不像是水田种植的,极有可能是旱稻。</font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><font color="#0000ff"></font></span></p><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 16pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.0;"><font size="3"><font color="#0000ff"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">二:先秦以来史书上的记载</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: red;"><p></p></span></font></font></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: red;"><p><font face="Times New Roman" color="#0000ff" size="3"></font></p></span></p><p><font face="Times New Roman" color="#0000ff" size="3"></font></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><font size="3"><font color="#0000ff"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">《越绝书</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">》和</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">《吴越春秋》</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">记载,至越王勾践和吴王夫差治理吴、越中期,两地已有为数可观的塘田,</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">《吴越春秋</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: red; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;"><font face="Times New Roman">·</font></span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">勾践阴谋外传》</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">说于越</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: blue; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">春种八谷,夏长而养,秋成而聚,冬熟而藏。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: blue; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">吴王夫差曾盛赞于越的稻种</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: blue; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">甚佳</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: blue; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">。当时吴、越间的稻谷借贷贡献动辄就是万石,这些都足以反映吴越水稻种植广泛,稻谷产量是丰富的。根据史书《论衡。四讳篇》的记载,当时的吴国越国的风俗都是“断发文身”,《墨子。公孟》也记载越王勾践是“剪发文身”,可见,越国的国民多越人,且有水稻农业。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: blue; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;"><p></p></span></font></font></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><font size="3"><font color="#0000ff"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">《史记</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: red;"><font face="Times New Roman">·</font></span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">货殖列传》</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">说楚、越之地,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: blue;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">江南之地,地广人稀,饭稻羹鱼,火耕而水耨</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">或火耕而水耨。果隋蠃蛤,不待贾而足;地埶饶食,无饥馑之患。故呰窳偷生,无积聚而多贫。是故江淮以南,无冻饿之人,亦无千金之家</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: blue;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">。</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312;"><br/>???????????<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></font></font></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><font size="3"><font color="#0000ff"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">《山海经·海内经》</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">记:“有儋耳之国,任姓,禺号子,食谷,南海之渚中”。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></font></font></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 26.25pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.5;"><font size="3"><font color="#0000ff"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">汉朝杨孚在</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">《异物志》</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">中特别提到:“交趾稻,夏冬又熟,农者一岁再种。”</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;"><p></p></span></font></font></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><font size="3"><font color="#0000ff"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">《</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">史记·西南夷列传》</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">也说:夜郎国“□结、耕田、有邑聚”</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff;"><font face="Times New Roman"><br/>???????????</font></span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff;"><p></p></span></font></font></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><font size="3"><font color="#0000ff"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">《</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">汉书。地理志》</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">“武帝元封元年略以为儋耳、</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff;"><font face="Times New Roman"><br/>???????????</font></span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">珠厓郡。</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial;">民皆服布如单被</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: Arial;">,</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial;">穿中央为贯头。男子耕农</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: Arial;">,</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial;">种禾稻、纻麻</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: Arial;">,</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial;">女子桑蚕</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: Arial;"><br/>??????????</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial;">织绩”。</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff;"><font face="Times New Roman"><br/>???????????</font></span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">儋耳为今天海南地区。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff;"><p></p></span></font></font></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 26.25pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.5;"><font size="3"><font color="#0000ff"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">居住于福建地区的闽越人,多</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">处谿谷之间,篁竹之中</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">《汉书。严助传》</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff;"><p></p></span></font></font></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff;"><p><font face="Times New Roman" color="#0000ff" size="3"></font></p></span></p><p><font face="Times New Roman" color="#0000ff" size="3"></font></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 26.25pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.5;"><font size="3"><font color="#0000ff"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial;">北魏学者郦道元在其著作</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">《水经注》</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">卷</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: blue;"><font face="Times New Roman">37</font></span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">引</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">《交州外域记》</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">说:“交趾昔未有郡县之时,土地有雒田,其田从潮水上下,民垦食其田,因名为雒民”。雒民既为雒越,秦汉时期广泛分布在广东西南、广西沿海和西南及越南北部。而交址是在秦朝统一岭南后才设立郡县的,</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">《水经注》</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">的作者明确表明雒越种植水稻是在设立郡县之前,可见,雒越的水稻种植并不是秦军带来的。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: blue;"><p></p></span></font></font></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 26.25pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.5;"><font size="3"><font color="#0000ff"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial;">晋代的斐渊在</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial;">《广州记》</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??;">云:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: ??;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??;">交趾有骆田,仰潮水上下,是名雄田。其禾能风旱而早实</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: ??;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??;">。</span></font></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 26.25pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.5;"><font size="3"><font color="#0000ff"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??;"></span></font></font></p><font color="#0000ff"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??;"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: ??;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><font size="3"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial;">《新唐书》</span><span class="p41"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">列传第一百四十七中 南蛮中</span></span><span style="COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial;"><strong>开成元年,鬼主阿珮内属。会昌中,封其别帅为罗殿王,世袭爵。其后又封别帅为滇王,皆牂柯蛮也。东距辰州二千四百里,其南千五百里即交州也。无城郭,土热多霖雨,</strong></span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial;">稻粟再熟。</span><span style="COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial;"><strong>无徭役,战乃屯聚。</strong></span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: Arial;"><p></p></span></font></p><p><font size="3"></font></p></span></font><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><font size="3"><font color="#0000ff"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">《三國志卷四十六·吳書一</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">》</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">东汉末年,庐江太守刘</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">勋在皖城缺粮的时候,“遣其弟</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">偕</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">告</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">籴于豫州太守华歆,歆郡素少谷,遣吏将偕就海昏上缭(今江西永修县),使诸宗帅共出三万斛米以于偕,偕往历月,才得数千斛”。宗帅、宗部为当时的越人组织。刘</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">勋和</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">华歆向越人借粮,可见当地的越人不但会种植水稻,并且有一定的储备。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><p></p></span></font></font></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><font size="3"><font color="#0000ff"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">《</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">汉书</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">》</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">卷</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">64</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">淮南王刘安“越,方外之地,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">---</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">,越人欲为变,必先至余干界中,积食粮,乃伐材治船。边城守侯诚谨,越人有入伐材者,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">#</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">收捕,焚其积聚,虽百越,奈边城何。”</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><p></p></span></font></font></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 31.5pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 3.0; mso-pagination: widow-orphan;"><font size="3"><font color="#0000ff"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">唐朝人樊绰</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">《蛮书》卷<span lang="EN-US">4</span>《名类</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">》记载:“茫蛮部落,并是开南杂种也。茫是其君之号,蛮呼茫诏。从永昌城南,先过唐封,以至凤兰苴,以次茫天连,以次茫土薅。又有大赕、茫昌、茫盛恐、茫鲊、茫施,皆其类也。楼居……孔雀巢人家树上。象大如水牛。土俗养象以耕田,仍烧其粪”。</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">同书卷<span lang="EN-US">7</span></span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">《云南管内物产</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">》载:“开南以南养象,大于水牛。一家数头养之,代牛耕也。……象,开南以南多有之,或捉得,人家多养之,以代耕田也。”</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><p></p></span></font></font></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-pagination: widow-orphan;"><font size="3"><font color="#0000ff"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #ff6600; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">《旧唐书。</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">南蛮</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">传</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #ff6600; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">》</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">“西南蛮</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">牂牁蛮,首领亦姓谢氏。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff;"><font face="Times New Roman">------</font></span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">无城壁,散为部落而居。土气郁热,多霖雨。稻粟再熟。无徭役,唯征战之时,乃相屯聚”和东谢蛮“土宜五谷,不以牛耕,但为</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma;">畲田,每岁易”</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;"><p></p></span></font></font></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><font color="#0000ff" size="3"></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><font size="3"><font color="#0000ff"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #ff6600; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">《</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">宋书。沈庆之传》</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">“庆之引军自茹丘山出检城,大破诸山,斩首三千级,虏生蛮二万八千口,降蛮二万五千口,牛马七百余头,米粟九万</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial;">斛”</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: Arial;"><p></p></span></font></font></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><font size="3"><font color="#0000ff"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #ff6600; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">《</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial;">太平寰宇记</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: Arial;">·</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial;">岭南道七</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: Arial;">·#</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial;">州</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">》</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial;">“</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: Arial;">#</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial;">州,古越地,秦属南海郡,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: Arial;">------</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial;">风俗,谷熟时里干同取,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: Arial;">#</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial;">日为腊,男女盛服,?????,聚会作歌,悉以高栏为居,号曰干兰,三日一市”</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: Arial;"><p></p></span></font></font></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><font size="3"><font color="#0000ff"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #ff6600; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">《</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial;">舆地志</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">》</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial;">“故西瓯</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">骆</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial;">越之地,秦虽立郡,仍有瓯</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">骆</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial;">之名。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: Arial;">---</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial;">风俗多何、腾、黄、陆等姓,以水田为业,不事蚕桑。”</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: Arial;"><p></p></span></font></font></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><font size="3"><font color="#0000ff"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">《太平寰宇记》(卷</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: red;"><font face="Times New Roman">119</font></span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">)</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">中提到</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff;"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">自夜郎、滇池、邛都,人皆椎结左袵,邑聚而居,知耕田,其土地平原有稻田</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff;"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff;"><p></p></span></font></font></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><font size="3"><font color="#0000ff"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.5pt;">《宋史</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: red; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">·</font></span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.5pt;">抚水州蛮》(卷</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: red; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">495</font></span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.5pt;">)载</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.5pt;">抚水州(其治所在今广西环江县)在宜州(其治所在今广西宜山县)南(北),有县四:曰抚水、曰京水、曰多逢、曰古劳</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">-----</font></span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.5pt;">,亦种水稻、采鱼,其保聚山险者,虽有畲田,收谷粟甚少,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">-------</font></span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.5pt;">,合五百余家,夹龙江居,种稻似湖湘。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.5pt;"><p></p></span></font></font></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><font size="3"><font color="#0000ff"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: red;"><font face="Times New Roman">[</font></span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: PMingLiU;">宋</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: red;"><font face="Times New Roman">]</font></span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: PMingLiU;">祝穆:《方舆胜览》卷三七《南恩州》:</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: PMingLiU;">南恩州</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">“</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: PMingLiU;">其地下湿宜稻,耕种多在洞中</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">”</span><font face="Times New Roman"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal;"><br/>???????????</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;"><p></p></span></font></font></font></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><font size="3"><font color="#0000ff"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: red;"><font face="Times New Roman">[</font></span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: PMingLiU;">宋</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: red;"><font face="Times New Roman">]</font></span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: PMingLiU;">司马光:《涑水纪闻》卷十三;又《中华野史,宋朝》卷一,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: red;"><font face="Times New Roman">687</font></span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: PMingLiU;">。</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: PMingLiU;">广西邕州三十六洞蛮,</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">“</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: PMingLiU;">洞中有良田甚广,饶粳糯及鱼</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">”。</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: PMingLiU;">宋代元丰年间,朱初平在奏章中道“自来黎峒田土,各峒通同占据,共耕分收”</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><p></p></span></font></font></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><font size="3"><font color="#0000ff"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma;">《三江县志》</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma;">“</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">僮人饮食亦尚清洁,多食粘米,贫者玉蜀</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial;">黍、粟</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">禾,旱禾之类,间有杂以薯芋者。”</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff;"><p></p></span></font></font></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 25.8pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><font size="3"><font color="#0000ff"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1.2pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">邝露在</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1.2pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">《赤雅》</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1.2pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">中说:“瑶人社日以南天烛</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; LETTER-SPACING: 1.2pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><font face="Times New Roman">(</font></span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1.2pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">竹</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; LETTER-SPACING: 1.2pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><font face="Times New Roman">)</font></span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 1.2pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">染饭,竞相遗送。”</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff;"><p></p></span></font></font></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><font size="3"><font color="#0000ff"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">《岭表纪蛮》</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">“占米</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial;">卜,侗</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">僮两族多行之。所需物品,为香、?、钱、米、水盆诸种”</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff;"><p></p></span></font></font></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><font color="#0000ff" size="3"></font></p></span><p></p></span></strong><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><font color="#0000ff"></font></p><p></p></span>[此帖子已經被作者於2006-11-18 1:59:08編輯過]
<span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff;"><p><font face="宋体"><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><p></p></span></strong><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: #3366ff;"><p><strong><font face="Times New Roman"></font></strong></p></span></p><p><strong><font face="Times New Roman"></font></strong></p><p></p><p><strong><font face="Times New Roman"></font></strong></p><p></p><p><strong><font face="Times New Roman"></font></strong></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt;"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff;"><p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"></p></font></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: #3366ff;"><p><strong><font face="Times New Roman"></font></strong></p></span></p><p><strong><font face="Times New Roman"></font></strong></p><p></p><p><strong><font face="Times New Roman"></font></strong></p><p></p><p><strong><font face="Times New Roman"></font></strong></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt;"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff;"><p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: #3366ff;"><p><strong><font face="Times New Roman"></font></strong></p></span></p><p><strong><font face="Times New Roman"></font></strong></p><p></p><p><strong><font face="Times New Roman"></font></strong></p><p></p><p><strong><font face="Times New Roman"></font></strong></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt;"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff;"><p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"></p><p></p><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><p></p></span></strong><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: #3366ff;"><p><strong><font face="Times New Roman"></font></strong></p></span></p><p><strong><font face="Times New Roman"></font></strong></p><p></p><p><strong><font face="Times New Roman"></font></strong></p><p></p><p><strong><font face="Times New Roman"></font></strong></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt;"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff;"><p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">三:从壮侗语言看百越“<font color="#ff0000">稻”</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: Arial;"><font color="#ff0000"><font size="5"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><strong>的来源</strong></span></font></font></span></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: Arial;"><p><font color="#ff0000"><font size="5"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"></span></font></font></p></span></p><p><font color="#ff0000"><font size="5"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"></span></font></font></p><p></p><p><font color="#ff0000"><font size="5"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"></span></font></font></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: Arial;"><p><font color="#ff0000"><font size="5"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"></span></font></font></p></span></p><p><font color="#ff0000"><font size="5"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"></span></font></font></p><p></p><p><font color="#ff0000"><font size="5"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"></span></font></font></p><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma;">关于亚洲栽培稻的起源和传布问题历来争议纷纷。近几十年来国际文献以印度起源说最盛,中国起源说较少。</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial;">今天,部分学者对壮侗等民族的语言进行了研究,发现壮侗等民族对水稻的发音也大致相同。如</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">1</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma;">,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">khau</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma;">(壮、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">Ahom</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma;">)。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">2</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma;">,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">khau </span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma;">(壮、依)。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">3</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma;">,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">khao </span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma;">(泰)。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">4</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma;">,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;"> kou </span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma;">(瑶)。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">5,gao</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma;">(越南、白)。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">6</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma;">,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;"> ?o</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma;">依)。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">7</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma;">,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;"> hau </span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma;">(壮、布依)。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">8</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma;">,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;"> xau </span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma;">(沙、傣、壮)。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">9</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma;">,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">Gau </span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma;">(布依、依)。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">10</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma;">,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">vo </span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma;">(布依)。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">11</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma;">,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">Hau </span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma;">(布依、壮)。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">12</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma;">,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">H.</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma;">(布依)。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">13</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma;">,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;"> hou </span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma;">(壮)。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">14</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma;">,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">Ku</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma;">(侗)。对这十四种水稻的读音进行分析,其中元音和辅音变化规律与壮侗民族基本词汇的元音辅音变化规律相一致。辅音的对应关系是:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;"><br/>??<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">?????????? kh</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">一</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">g</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">一</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">?<br/>?????? kh ? ? ? ? H<br/>??????????????h<br/>??????????????????? x—G</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">一</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">V<br style="mso-special-character: line-break;"/><br style="mso-special-character: line-break;"/></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;"><br/></span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma;">元音的对应关系是:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;"><br/><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">???????????????????????????????</span>?u—. <br/>? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ao—ou— o ? <br/>? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?au ? ? ? ? ? ??? Ku<br/>? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Au</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: Arial;"><p></p></span></p></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: Arial;"><p></p></span><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma;">学者对其语音演变进行研究,并拟测出它们历史演变的过程,即</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;"><br/><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">??????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?kou<br/>? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? khao<br/>? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?gao—?o<br/>? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? khau ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? xau—Gau—vo ?<br/>? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? hau ? ? ?Hau—H.<br/>? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?Hou—Ku</span><p></p></span><p></p><p></p><p></p><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";">可见,南方壮侗及泰人等民族对水稻的称呼有着共同的起源“</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial;">耗”。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial;"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: Arial;"><p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma;">中国现发现的最古老的文字是甲骨文,但甲骨文中并没有“稻”字,先秦古籍如《尚书》、《礼记》、《诗经》、《论语》、《战国策》等中关于稻的记述屡见不鲜。东汉许</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial;">慎在《说文解字》中收录了一个“耗”字,解释为:“耗,稻属,从禾,毛声,伊尹曰饭之美者</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: Arial;">,</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial;">玄山之禾</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: Arial;">,</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial;">南海之耗”。伊尹为商汤时人,距今</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: Arial;">3700</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial;">年,南海当指岭南。商烫时期,南方越族就开始向商朝进贡物品。稻谷可能在此时贡入商朝,而越民族群体对稻谷的读音“耗”也因此传入中原。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial;"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: Arial;"><p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial;">另外,</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma;">《山海经</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">·</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma;">海内经》:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">“</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma;">西南黑水之间,有都广之野,后稷葬焉,爱有膏菽、膏稻、膏黍、膏稷,百谷自生,冬夏播琴。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">”</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma;">黑水指粤江,都广之野指粤江流域。膏,历来注家释为脂膏之膏,其实只是壮侗语族称稻词</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">k</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma;">系音的对音。膏在切韵音系是豪韵见母字,上古音可拟为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">*kau</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma;">,这跟壮侗语族</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">k</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma;">系音极相近。壮侗语族构词法的一个特点是:大名冠小名,所谓大名即一类事物的总称,如壮语</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">khau foN</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma;">(菽)、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">khau phot</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma;">(玉米),其中</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">khau</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma;">是谷类的总称。耗在切韵音系是号韵晓母字,上古音可拟为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">*xau</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma;">,与壮侗语</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">h</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma;">系音极相似,沙语、傣语、壮语(南丹)均作</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">xau</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma;">。现代傣族仍保留古稻种</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">“</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma;">毫安公、毫薄壳</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">”&acute;</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma;">。其中</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">“</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma;">毫</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">”</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma;">字即稻或谷的意思,其语音正与</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">“</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma;">耗</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">”</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma;">同。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: Arial;"><p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: Arial;"><p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;"></span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma;">现代南方汉语方言有的用,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">‘</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma;">禾</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">”</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma;">称稻,有的用</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">“</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma;">谷</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">”</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma;">(或谷子)称稻。用</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">“</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma;">禾</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">”</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma;">称稻的如长沙</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">o</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma;">、双峰</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">Ku</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma;">、南昌</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">uO</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma;">、广州</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">wO</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma;">、梅县</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">vO</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma;">、阳江</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">wO</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma;">、上杭</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">vou</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma;">、清流</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">vo</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma;">、将乐</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">vuae</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma;">等。用</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">“</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma;">谷</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">”</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma;">(或谷子)称稻的有成都</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">ku ts?;</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma;">、昆明</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">ku ts?;</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma;">、浦城</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">ku? </span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma;">、南平</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">Ku?</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma;">、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">31</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma;">温卅</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">ku</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma;">、宁波</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">ko?</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma;">上海</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">ko? </span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma;">等。壮侗语族称稻词的最初语音形式是</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">khau</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma;">,后来分化为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">k</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma;">系和</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">h</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma;">系,各自仍指稻,已如上述。可以设想,南方汉语方言的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">“</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma;">谷</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">”</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma;">借自</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">k</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma;">系音,而</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">“</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma;">禾</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">”</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma;">借自</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">h</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma;">系音。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">“</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma;">谷</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">”</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma;">在各地的语音多作</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">ku</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma;">或</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">Ko</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma;">,而现代瑶语拉咖话作</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">Kou</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma;">;</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">“</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma;">禾</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">”</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma;">在各地的语音作</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">vo</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma;">、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">vou</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma;">、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">wO</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma;">、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">vO</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma;">、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">uO</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma;">,与现代布依语镇宁募役话的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">vo</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma;">相同或相近,又长沙作</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">o</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma;">,与布依语镇宁下洞的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">?o</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma;">极相近,而双峰的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">Ku</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma;">则与侗语完全相同。各种语言同源之迹显而易见。所以,我们认为汉语南方方言中的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">“</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma;">谷</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">”</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma;">和</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">“</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma;">禾</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">”</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma;">来源于壮侗语族的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">k</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma;">系音和</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">h</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma;">系音,语音和词义都是同源的。谷、禾是同源词。汉语北方方言中的禾、谷(指小米)和南方方言中的禾、谷(指稻)同字,但是词义和词源是不同的。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;"><p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;"><p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";">在今天广西和广东西南等地,广泛分布着带有“那”字的地名</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">(</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma;">壮语念</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">naz</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma;">,意为水田</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">)</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";">,</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma;">如广西</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">“</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma;">那坡</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">”(nazmboq)</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma;">,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">mboq</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma;">为泉水,意为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">“</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma;">泉水田</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">”</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma;">;贵县</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">“</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma;">那蓬</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">”(nazboengz)</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma;">,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">“</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma;">蓬</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">”</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma;">为烂泥,意为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">“</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma;">烂泥田</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">”</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma;">;广东的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">“</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma;">那楼</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">”(nazraeuz)</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma;">,楼</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">(raeuz)</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma;">是咱们,意为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">“</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma;">咱们的田</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">”</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma;">等</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";">。根据</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma;">梁庭望先生</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma;">《壮族文化概论》</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma;">的统计,广西有</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">1200</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma;">多处,云南</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">170</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma;">多处,广东</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">30</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma;">多处,越南北部</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">60</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma;">多处,老挝和泰国各</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">3</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma;">处。而在今天的南方汉语方言中及古汉语中,“那”字并无水田的意思,估计是受到古代岭南越人的影响。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;"><p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma;">无论是古代的“耗”和“膏”,还是今天的“禾”和“谷”,汉语对水稻的称呼都可以从壮侗等民族</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">k</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma;">系音和</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">h</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma;">系音找到对应,是受古代百越语言的影响所致。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;"><p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><p><strong><font face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"></font></strong></p></span></p><p><strong><font face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"></font></strong></p><p></p><p><strong><font face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"></font></strong></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";">四:南方少数民族的稻神话</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: red;"><p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";">壮族</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma;">布洛陀麽经中野生稻驯化的故事:“麽经里讲,神农婆造出稻谷,可禾兜像树一样高,稻穗像马尾一般长,稻粒像柚子一般大。稻谷种出来了,却不能为人所食。后来洪水淹没大地,只有郎山、敖山(敖山是壮族传说特有神山)未被殃及。洪水退后,派老鼠和鸟去叼啄稻谷,但它们却逃到深山老林各自享用。经布洛陀和姆六甲指点,制作鸟套、鼠夹捕捉他们,撬开嘴巴取出稻谷,分发给天下人种,可是结出的稻谷仍像柚子那么大。人们又按布洛陀和姆六甲的指教,用木锤、杵子捣擂,谷粒破裂,变成稗谷、糯谷、粳谷、籼谷等小粒谷种,插秧遍耕,施肥灌溉,但到八、九月,禾兜却没有抽穗结实。又经布洛陀和姆六甲指点,方知捣大谷粒时谷魂惊散,需举行</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">“</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma;">赎谷魂</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">”</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma;">仪式,招回失散的谷魂,谷粒才能饱满。人们遵照祖公的教诲,喜获丰收。”</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma;"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;"><p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma;">这个神话通过布洛陀传授稻作知识的故事,反映了稻作文化与布洛陀文化相互交织的过程,壮族先民把野生稻培育为人工栽培稻的艰辛过程,这是留存在传说里的一种对野生稻驯化的历史记忆。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma;"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;"><p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma;">谷种和狗尾巴的故事:“古时天上有谷种不给人间,于是人们派九尾狗到天上去找。九尾狗到了天上,就在晒谷种的地方,用九尾粘满了谷种。看谷人发现后,用斧砍狗尾一连掉了八只,狗只好带着一只尾巴回到人间。从此人类就有了稻谷并给狗白米饭吃”。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;"><p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma;"></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma;">布依族古歌《造万物》中说:古时神农造米时,米有鸟蛋大。人类祖先煮不熟它,就大骂造米的神,于是神农把米收回。后来祖先和狗一起上天要米,神农不给,人只好回到地面,狗却在神农晒谷坝上打滚将米粘在身上,将谷种带回了人间。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma;"></span></p><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";">黎族的《山兰稻的由来》讲述了这样一个故事。一对可怜的姐弟被父亲遗弃在深山中,住在石洞中以野果、藤芯为食。有一次,他俩在一只斑鸠的腹中找到几粒谷物的种子,便在烧过的土地上播种,第二年又在原地扩大种植面积,从此不愁吃。后来他们的叔叔打猎巡山时发现了他们,并将这种稻子的种子和种植方法带回了村子里,从此将开荒种稻传播开来。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff;"><p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff;"><p><font face="Times New Roman"></font></p></span></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"></font></p><p></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"></font></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";">因为南方少数民族深受汉文化影响,我们不排除部分‘稻神话’源自汉族,有汉文化的影子,但上面的例子证明南方少数民族也有着自己的‘稻起源’神话。神话传说在某种程度上反映出缘远古社会发展的情况,表明南方少数民族有着独立的水稻栽培历史,绝非中原人的专利。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff;"><p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #3366ff;"><p><font face="Times New Roman"></font></p></span></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"></font></p><p></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"></font></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"></p></span><p></p></span>
[此帖子已經被作者於2006-11-15 5:17:20編輯過]
<p>咁長嘅原創????</p><p>勁吖!!!</p><p>我代表我黨頂你</p><p>舍煨豬議萬歲</p> <p>看得好吃力啊</p><p>如果是真的,可以改书了,不过神话的可信度也太低了,</p><p>再说了,有时我也不懂,这种事有什么好考证的。如果是真的,当然南方人可以骄傲一下,或是为自己正下名,我也不懂有什么用。原来南方人不只重经济啊</p><p>就像《红楼梦》养一大批学者,我也不懂,研究来干什么,作为消遣倒是不错。即便证明了什么过去辉煌</p><p>,也只能使包袱更沉重,文明古国为什么会变样,是不是也因为曾经太文明了。</p><p>如果只是介意自己曾被人称为土著,土匪什么的,那也太小家子气了,我们还称非洲人是黑人呢,这“黑人”可不是说他们皮肤黑,有多少贬义,我们最明白了。道不同不相为谋。或汉,或唐或宋,在南方没有统一,没有被称为自己人的时候,偶尔贬一下,逞口舌之快,也是人性的弱点吧。</p><p>现在也老说日本人不好,如果有天日本被我们给吞了,我说假如,即便不喜欢日本也是称为自己人,也是要一致对外的。</p><p>我是觉得楼主,比如,NN年前中原人强大的时候就说别人是土匪,别人是坏蛋,是骚扰了他的国土,这让身为非中原人的人,今天仍然耿耿于怀,有没有呢?很正常,中国人重名重面子,尤其男人,尤其说粤语这么古老魅力语言的粤人,不服是完全理解的,也可能只是为了南方人正名。:)(不生气哦)</p><p>当然纯粹是为了学术,也是可以的,只是这样的人好少哦。虽然不理解,还是觉得很了不起的。</p><p>今天我好多废话哦</p>
[此帖子已經被作者於2006-11-15 21:57:59編輯過]
奇怪,点解引号都变成左奇怪的符号呢? 占楼1 占楼先 占楼先 占楼先 占楼先 占楼先 占楼先 占楼先 占楼先 占楼先 占楼先
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