leon_jeng 發表於 2006-11-7 06:45:19

广东音乐简介

<p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 27pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><font size="2">广东音乐,亦称粤乐,是我国地方民间音乐中的瑰宝,是流传两<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><font size="2">广</font></span>一带的一个民间器乐曲种。形成乐种只有百余年的历史,属新兴地方民间音乐乐种。它的前身主要是粤剧过场音乐和烘托表演的小曲,大约在</font></span><font size="2"><span lang="EN-US">20</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">世纪</span><span lang="EN-US">20</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">年代初期,发展成为能独立演奏的器乐曲种。</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 27pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font size="2"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">据史料记载,明、清两代随着广东经济的迅速发展,为适应人民群众文化生活的需求,先后就有安徽、江苏、江西、湖北、湖南诸省的昆腔、弋阳、秦腔、徽调、汉剧、乱弹、祁阳等众多戏曲班社入粤演出,在这些外省戏曲班社入粤的同时,也带来了中原古乐、江南小曲小调和昆曲牌子等外省音乐文化,并传入民间。这些外省音乐文化在流传过程中,受本地语言和风俗习惯的影响,并和本地民歌民谣相结合,约于</span><span lang="EN-US">1860</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">年左右,开始形成特有的风格特色,涌现出严老烈、丘鹤俦、何博众等一批多才多艺既是演奏家又是作曲家的代表性人物,也涌现出《旱天雷》、《连环扣》、《娱乐升平》、《雨打芭蕉》等一批具有浓郁地方色彩的创作曲目,标志着广东音乐作为一个乐种,已经形成。</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 27pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font size="2"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">从</span><span lang="EN-US">20</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">世纪</span><span lang="EN-US">20</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">年代起,广东音乐更有了飞跃的发展,进入了乐种的成熟期,充分显示出广东音乐作为新兴地方民间音乐的旺盛生命力及其特征。首先,是这个时期人才辈出,不但涌现出被誉称为“四大天王”的吕文成、尹自重、何大傻、何浪萍,被称作“何氏三杰”的何柳堂、何与年、何少霞,还有易剑泉、陈德钜、陈文达、谭伯叶、谭沛</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 8.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">?、梁以忠等众多著名人物,都对广东音乐的成熟和发展作出了贡献。其二,是这个时期创作繁荣,能不断地有新创作乐曲问世,广东音乐是以其创作乐曲取得人们的认识和承认,据有乐谱可稽的创作乐曲,累计达千首,演奏曲目,十分丰富多彩。其三,是广东音乐富于革新创造,善于从兄弟艺术中借鉴吸收养料,包括借鉴、吸收西洋音乐某些可为我所用的东西,使本乐种曲式、调式和调性多样,旋律新颖流畅并富有一定的时代气质。</span></font></p><p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><font size="2">中华人民共和国建立以来,由于文化主管部门的重视扶持,先后组建了演奏广东音乐的专业团体和研究广东音乐的专业研究所,广东音乐进入了一个新的发展阶段,创作和演奏水平均有很大的提高。<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;">20</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: Times New Roman;">世纪</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;">50</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: Times New Roman;">年代,以刘天一、梁秋、方汉、朱海、黄锦培等专家组成的演奏小组以及广东省民间音乐团,曾作为友谊使者先后出国访问演出,足迹遍及当时的苏联和东欧各国,获得成功。从</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;">20</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: Times New Roman;">世纪</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;">70</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: Times New Roman;">年代末至今,以余其伟为代表的新一代作曲家和演奏家,更经常应邀前往港澳地区以及世界各地演奏广东音乐,也受到热烈的欢迎和赞誉。</span></font></span>
        </p><p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 27pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font size="2"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">早期的乐队由二弦(一种类似京胡的乐器)</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 汉鼎简中宋; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">、提琴(</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">一种类似板胡的乐器,又名提胡)</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 汉鼎简中宋; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">、横箫(即笛子)、月琴和三弦组成,称为“五架头”,又称“硬弓五架头”。大约在</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 汉鼎简中宋; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;">1920</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 汉鼎简中宋; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">年后因受江南丝竹乐的影响,改用高胡为主奏乐器,辅以扬琴和秦琴(或琵琶),称为“三件头”,又称“软弓”;再加上洞箫和椰胡,称为“软弓五架头”。目前,“软弓五架头”五人组合是舞台演出广东音乐的最基本形式。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 汉鼎简中宋; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><p>
                                </p></span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 27pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font size="2"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 汉鼎简中宋; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">高胡,又名粤胡</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">、南胡。广东音乐的主奏乐器之一,约于二十世纪二十年代,由吕文成在二胡的基础上创制而成,琴筒比二胡略小。定弦比二胡高四度或五度,有效音域可达两个八度。演奏时用两腿夹持琴筒下半部,以抑制噪音。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 汉鼎简中宋; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><p>
                                </p></span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 27pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font size="2"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 汉鼎简中宋; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">为了丰富对乐曲的表现能力,以后在乐队中又逐步增加二胡、中胡、大胡、笙、箫、侯管、唢呐、三弦、古筝、中阮、大阮,并引进一些西洋乐器,如吉它、萨克斯、小提琴、木琴、倍大提琴等。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 汉鼎简中宋; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><p>
                                </p></span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 27pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font size="2"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 汉鼎简中宋; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">广东音乐以多变的形式从不同的角度成功地表现人民的思想感情。如《娱乐升平》、《赛龙夺锦》两曲,节奏轻快、热烈,旋律活泼、跳跃,给人以轻松的感觉;《月圆曲》、《平湖秋月》等乐曲旋律优美、雅静、抒情,节奏流畅,给人以美好、舒适的享受;而《双声恨》、《昭君怨》等乐曲节奏由慢到快,旋律深沉、哀怨而又富于斗争性,听起来令人悲愤、激动;再如《汉宫秋月》节奏缓慢,旋律压抑,听起来令人忧郁,情思绵绵。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 汉鼎简中宋; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><p>
                                </p></span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 27pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><font size="2">广东音乐曲,尤其是古曲,原谱比较简单,需要演奏者在演奏过程中再创作,使乐曲在原来基础上更上一层楼。高胡演奏过程中的再创作,包括下列几个方面:</font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 27pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 汉鼎简中宋; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><font size="2">⑴</font></span><font size="2">
                        <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">对旋律的加花和装饰音。</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 27pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><font size="2">除了在乐句中间见缝插针式的加花之外,还有“冒头”和“迭尾”。冒头又称“先锋指”,是在一句之前起引导和连接作用的装饰音群;迭尾是把句尾长音加以变化,不使单音拖得太长。它们都有惯用的格式。</font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 27pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 汉鼎简中宋; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><font size="2">⑵</font></span><font size="2">
                        <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">滑音与换把的配合。</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 27pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><font size="2">滑音过多则油腔滑调,过少则淡然无味。</font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 27pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font size="2"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">高胡的换把有三种:跳把</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 汉鼎简中宋; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">、移把、和滑把,在广东音乐中用得较多的是滑把,即同指滑音换把。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 汉鼎简中宋; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><p>
                                </p></span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 27pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 汉鼎简中宋; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><font size="2">⑶</font></span><font size="2"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 汉鼎简中宋; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;">
                        </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 汉鼎简中宋; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">揉弦的应用。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 汉鼎简中宋; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><p>
                                </p></span></font></p><p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 汉鼎简中宋; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: Times New Roman;"><font size="2">概括地说,演奏紧张、热烈、激昂等情绪的乐曲,使用快速压揉的揉弦法;演奏缓慢、深厚、抒情的乐曲,使用慢速揉弦的方法;演奏忧郁、悲愤的乐曲,使用压弦的揉弦法。此外,高胡在演奏广东音乐时,空弦揉弦用得特别多。空弦揉弦,就是用左手食指按在高胡千斤位置上,用压揉、腕揉的方法进行揉弦。</font></span>
        </p><p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 27pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 100%;"><font size="2"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 汉鼎简中宋; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">⑷</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 汉鼎简中宋; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;">
                        </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 汉鼎简中宋; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">运弓方法。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 汉鼎简中宋; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><p>
                                </p></span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 27pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 100%;"><font size="2"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 汉鼎简中宋; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">常用运弓方法有以下几种:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 汉鼎简中宋; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><p>
                                </p></span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 51pt; TEXT-INDENT: -24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 100%; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 51.0pt;"><font size="2"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 汉鼎简中宋; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;">1)<span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-STYLE: normal; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; FONT-VARIANT: normal;">????? </span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 汉鼎简中宋; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">欢快、热烈的乐曲,多用轻巧的分弓;</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 汉鼎简中宋; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><p>
                                </p></span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 51pt; TEXT-INDENT: -24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 100%; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 51.0pt;"><font size="2"><span lang="EN-US">2)<span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-STYLE: normal; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; FONT-VARIANT: normal;">????? </span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 汉鼎简中宋; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">流畅、抒情的乐曲,多用圆滑的长弓;</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 51pt; TEXT-INDENT: -24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 100%; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 51.0pt;"><font size="2"><span lang="EN-US">3)<span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-STYLE: normal; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; FONT-VARIANT: normal;">????? </span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 汉鼎简中宋; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">苦闷、悲伤的乐曲,多用深沉、压抑的慢弓;</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 51pt; TEXT-INDENT: -24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 100%; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 51.0pt;"><font size="2"><span lang="EN-US">4)<span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-STYLE: normal; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; FONT-VARIANT: normal;">????? </span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 汉鼎简中宋; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">庄严、宏伟的乐曲,多用饱满有力的全弓;</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 51pt; TEXT-INDENT: -24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 100%; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 51.0pt;"><font size="2"><span lang="EN-US">5)<span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-STYLE: normal; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; FONT-VARIANT: normal;">????? </span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 汉鼎简中宋; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">悲壮、激愤的乐曲,多用强有力和渐强的运弓。</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 23.65pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.25; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt;"><font size="2"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 汉鼎简中宋; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">此外,还要注意推弓和拉弓的选择。乐曲通常以拉弓开始,以推弓结束。快板乐句或乐段,常用推拉交替弓序。通常,强拍多用推弓,装饰音和主音用同一弓演奏。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 汉鼎简中宋; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><p>
                                </p></span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 23.65pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.25; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt;"><font size="2"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 汉鼎简中宋; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">⑸</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 汉鼎简中宋; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;">
                        </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 汉鼎简中宋; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">常用调式。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 汉鼎简中宋; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><p>
                                </p></span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 23.65pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.25; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt;"><font size="2"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 汉鼎简中宋; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">中国乐理将一个八度之内的音按半音关系列出音阶如下:</span></font></p><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><table width="100%" border="0"><tbody><tr><td width="8%"><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><font face="宋体"><font size="2"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 汉鼎简中宋; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">阶</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 汉鼎简中宋; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-spacerun: yes;">
                                                        </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 汉鼎简中宋; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">名</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 汉鼎简中宋; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-spacerun: yes;">
                                                        </span></font><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--></font></td><td width="6%"><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><font face="宋体"><font size="2"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 汉鼎简中宋; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">宫</span></font><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--></font></td><td width="5%"><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><font face="宋体"><font size="2"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 汉鼎简中宋; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">商</span></font><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--></font></td><td width="5%"><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><font face="宋体"><font size="2"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 汉鼎简中宋; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">角</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 汉鼎简中宋; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-spacerun: yes;">
                                                        </span></font><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--></font></td><td width="6%"><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><font face="宋体"><font size="2"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 汉鼎简中宋; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">和</span></font><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--></font></td><td width="6%"><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><font face="宋体"><font size="2"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 汉鼎简中宋; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">中</span></font><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--></font></td><td width="6%"><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><font face="宋体"><font size="2"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 汉鼎简中宋; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 汉鼎简中宋; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">徵</span></font><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--></font></td><td width="6%"><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><font face="宋体"><font size="2"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 汉鼎简中宋; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">羽</span></font><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--></font></td><td width="6%"><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><font face="宋体"><font size="2"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 汉鼎简中宋; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-spacerun: yes;"></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 汉鼎简中宋; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">闰</span></font><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--></font></td><td width="5%"><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><font face="宋体"><font size="2"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 汉鼎简中宋; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">变</span></font><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--></font></td><td width="6%"><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><font face="宋体"><font size="2"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 汉鼎简中宋; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">宫</span></font><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--></font></td><td width="6%"><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><font face="宋体"><font size="2"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 汉鼎简中宋; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">商</span></font><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--></font></td><td width="5%"><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><font face="宋体"><font size="2"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 汉鼎简中宋; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">角</span></font><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--></font></td><td width="7%"><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><font face="宋体"><font size="2"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 汉鼎简中宋; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">和</span></font><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--></font></td><td width="6%"><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><font face="宋体"><font size="2"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 汉鼎简中宋; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">中</span></font><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--></font></td><td width="6%"><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><font face="宋体"><font size="2"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 汉鼎简中宋; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">徵</span></font><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--></font></td><td width="5%"><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><font face="宋体"><font size="2"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 汉鼎简中宋; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">羽</span></font><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--></font></td></tr><tr><td width="8%"><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><font face="宋体"><font size="2"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 汉鼎简中宋; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">工尺字</span></font><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--></font></td><td width="6%"><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><font face="宋体"><font size="2"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 汉鼎简中宋; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-spacerun: yes;"></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 汉鼎简中宋; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">上</span></font><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--></font></td><td width="5%"><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><font face="宋体"><font size="2"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 汉鼎简中宋; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">尺</span></font><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--></font></td><td width="5%"><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><font face="宋体"><font size="2"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 汉鼎简中宋; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">工</span></font><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--></font></td><td width="6%"><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><font face="宋体"><font size="2"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 汉鼎简中宋; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">下凡</span></font><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--></font></td><td width="6%"><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><font face="宋体"><font size="2"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 汉鼎简中宋; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">凡</span></font><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--></font></td><td width="6%"><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><font face="宋体"><font size="2"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 汉鼎简中宋; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">合</span></font><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--></font></td><td width="6%"><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><font face="宋体"><font size="2"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 汉鼎简中宋; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">四</span></font><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--></font></td><td width="6%"><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><font face="宋体"><font size="2"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 汉鼎简中宋; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">下乙</span></font><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--></font></td><td width="5%"><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><font face="宋体"><font size="2"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 汉鼎简中宋; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">乙</span></font><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--></font></td><td width="6%"><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><font face="宋体"><font size="2"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 汉鼎简中宋; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><img height="15" src="http://www.gdyinyue.musictaiwan.org/gdyyghqupu/gdyyjj/gd2.gif" width="15" vshapes="_x0000_i1025" alt=""/><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"></span></span></font><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--></font></td><td width="6%"><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><font face="宋体"><font size="2"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 汉鼎简中宋; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><img height="15" src="http://www.gdyinyue.musictaiwan.org/gdyyghqupu/gdyyjj/gd3.gif" width="15" vshapes="_x0000_i1026" alt=""/><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">?</span><shape id="_x0000_i1027" type="#_x0000_t75" style="WIDTH: 12pt; HEIGHT: 11.25pt;">
                                                                        <imagedata src="gd4.gif" otitle=""></imagedata></shape></span></font><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--></font></td><td width="5%"><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><font face="宋体"><font size="2"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 汉鼎简中宋; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><img height="15" src="http://www.gdyinyue.musictaiwan.org/gdyyghqupu/gdyyjj/gd4.gif" width="16" vshapes="_x0000_i1027" alt=""/></span></font><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--></font></td><td width="7%"><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><font face="宋体"><font size="2"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 汉鼎简中宋; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">下凡</span></font><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--></font></td><td width="6%"><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><font face="宋体"><font size="2"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 汉鼎简中宋; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">凡</span></font><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--></font></td><td width="6%"><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><font face="宋体"><font size="2"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 汉鼎简中宋; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">五</span></font><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--></font></td><td width="5%"><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><font face="宋体"><font size="2"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 汉鼎简中宋; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">六</span></font><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--></font></td></tr><tr><td width="8%"><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><font face="宋体"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><font size="2">简谱</font></span><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--></font></td><td width="6%"><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><font face="宋体"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><font size="2"><span lang="EN-US">1 </span></font></span><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--></font></td><td width="5%"><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><font face="宋体"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><font size="2"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"></span>2<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
                                                                        </span></span></font></span><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--></font></td><td width="5%"><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><font face="宋体"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><font size="2"><span lang="EN-US">3<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
                                                                        </span></span></font></span><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--></font></td><td width="6%"><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><font face="宋体"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><font size="2"><span lang="EN-US">4<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
                                                                        </span></span></font></span><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--></font></td><td width="6%"><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><font face="宋体"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><font size="2"><span lang="EN-US"><img height="12" src="http://www.gdyinyue.musictaiwan.org/gdyyghqupu/gdyyjj/gd5.gif" width="8" vshapes="_x0000_i1028" alt=""/>4<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
                                                                        </span></span></font></span><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--></font></td><td width="6%"><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><font face="宋体"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><font size="2"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"></span>5<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
                                                                        </span></span></font></span><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--></font></td><td width="6%"><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><font face="宋体"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><font size="2"><span lang="EN-US">6<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
                                                                        </span></span></font></span><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--></font></td><td width="6%"><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><font face="宋体"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><font size="2"><span lang="EN-US"><img height="12" src="http://www.gdyinyue.musictaiwan.org/gdyyghqupu/gdyyjj/gd6.gif" width="8" vshapes="_x0000_i1029" alt=""/>7<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
                                                                        </span></span></font></span><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--></font></td><td width="5%"><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><font face="宋体"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><font size="2"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"></span>7<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
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                                                                </span></font></span><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--></font></td><td width="7%"><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><font face="宋体"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><font size="2"><span lang="EN-US"><img height="14" src="http://www.gdyinyue.musictaiwan.org/gdyyghqupu/gdyyjj/gd10.gif" width="8" vshapes="_x0000_i1033" alt=""/>
                                                                </span></font></span><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--></font></td><td width="6%"><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><font face="宋体"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><font size="2"><span lang="EN-US"><img height="12" src="http://www.gdyinyue.musictaiwan.org/gdyyghqupu/gdyyjj/gd5.gif" width="8" vshapes="_x0000_i1034" alt=""/><shape id="_x0000_i1035" type="#_x0000_t75" style="WIDTH: 6pt; HEIGHT: 10.5pt;">
                                                                                <imagedata src="gd10.gif" otitle=""></imagedata></shape><img height="14" src="http://www.gdyinyue.musictaiwan.org/gdyyghqupu/gdyyjj/gd10.gif" width="8" vshapes="_x0000_i1035" alt=""/><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"></span>
                                                                </span></font></span><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--></font></td><td width="6%"><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><font face="宋体"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><font size="2"><span lang="EN-US"><img height="14" src="http://www.gdyinyue.musictaiwan.org/gdyyghqupu/gdyyjj/gd11.gif" width="8" vshapes="_x0000_i1036" alt=""/>
                                                                </span></font></span><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--></font></td><td width="5%"><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><font face="宋体"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><font size="2"><span lang="EN-US"><img height="14" src="http://www.gdyinyue.musictaiwan.org/gdyyghqupu/gdyyjj/gd12.gif" width="8" vshapes="_x0000_i1037" alt=""/>
                                                                </span></font></span><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--></font></td></tr></tbody></table><!--Element not supported - Type: 8 Name: #comment--><font face="宋体"><p><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 汉鼎简中宋; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: Times New Roman;"><font size="3">演奏广东音乐常用三种调式:正线、反线、和乙凡线。</font></span>
                </p><p><img height="426" src="http://www.gdyinyue.musictaiwan.org/gdyyghqupu/gdyyjj/gd13.gif" width="560" border="0" alt=""/></p><p><img height="243" src="http://www.gdyinyue.musictaiwan.org/gdyyghqupu/gdyyjj/gd14.gif" width="560" border="0" alt=""/></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 23.65pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.25; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt;"><font size="2"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">正线以<span lang="EN-US">C为宫(1=C);反线以G为宫(1=G);乙凡线以F为宫(1=F)。正线比较深沉、</span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 汉鼎简中宋; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">稳定、热情、浑厚,在乐曲中多用以描写景物或情景交融的气氛,如《雨打芭蕉》、《晚霞织锦》、鱼游春水》等。反线明朗、有力,如《走马》、《鸟投林》等。乙凡线委婉、悲凄,如《昭君怨》、《双声恨》等。乙凡线也可以用来表现活泼、热烈的情绪,如《连环扣》。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 汉鼎简中宋; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><p>
                                        </p></span></font></p></font>
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