《清稗類鈔》﹕廣東各種賭博
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><font size="3"><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: MingLiU; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU;">錄自《清稗類鈔</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU;">--</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: MingLiU; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU;">賭博類》。</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU;"><p></p></span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: MingLiU; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU;"><font size="3">凡例﹕紀載之事,以有清一代順治至宣統為斷。</font></span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU;"><br/><br/></span><font size="3"><b><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: PMingLiU; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">闈姓</span></b><br/><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: PMingLiU; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> 闈姓者,賭博之事,專行於科舉時代之廣東。每鄉會試或歲科試前,使博者先入資,預卜入彀者之姓氏,各指定若干姓。榜發,視所卜中者之多寡,以第所得之厚薄,往往以百十萬為博注。姓僻者,則且代之作文,通關節,使之必中而後已。粵民本嗜賭,此尤風行,無富貴貧賤,輒相率為之,士紳亦於其中分肥,官不之禁。光緒時,且奏抽闈姓捐以助軍餉,後乃禁革。</span><br/><br/><b><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: PMingLiU; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">廣東各種賭博</span></b><br/><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: PMingLiU; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> 粵人好賭,出於天性,始則闈姓、白鴿票,繼則番攤、山票,幾於終日沈酣,不知世事。而下流社會中人,嗜之尤甚。此外又有詩票、鋪票者。詩票則用五言八韻詩一首,鋪票則用店鋪名號一百二十名,限猜幾字,其分簿開彩等,與闈姓、白鴿票大同小異。</span><br/><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: PMingLiU; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> 粵人好賭,故平日有普通忌諱之字,如牛舌則謂之牛利,蓋以舌字粵音近息,與折閱之折字同音,聞之不利,故諱舌為利,取利市三倍之義。又豬肝謂之豬潤,蓋以肝與乾同音,人苟至於囊橐皆乾,不利孰甚,故諱肝為潤,取時時潤色之意。其他類此者尚多,不能一一載也。</span><br/><br/><b><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: PMingLiU; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">蛇公榮嗜博</span></b><br/><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: PMingLiU; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> 粵伶蛇公榮嗜博而懼內,歲得唱資甚鉅,其婦輒先期索其半於班主,以給家用,餘則任其付之博場。博而負,輒大憤,演劇益奮,蓋藉高歌以抒牢騷也。故凡觀劇者,輒希望其賭敗焉。</span><br/><br/><b><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: PMingLiU; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">山票</span></b><br/><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: PMingLiU; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> 粵東有山票者,其注用《千字文》首篇一百二十字,較白鴿票多四十字。猜買者以十五字為限。每次開三十字,收票可至數十萬條,每條須銀一角五分,於數十萬條中,取中字最多者得頭彩,同中同分。票盛時,頭標可得數萬圓。其支配之法,以全票分為十,除票餉開支外,其餘悉數充彩,故多寡之數不能預定。每有以數百人而同分一頭標者,一人僅分百餘圓,或數十圓,轉不如二三彩獨得之鉅。蓋如以中八字者為頭標,而此屆中八字之票乃有三百人之多,則頭標即為三百人所分矣。如以中七字者為二標,而中七字之標僅有一人,則二標即為一人獨得矣。餘可類推。</span><br/><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: PMingLiU; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> 廣州極貧之人,或有不入番攤館者,而山票則無人不買,蓋以每票僅售一角五分,得標者可獲利至數十萬倍,故人人心目中,無不有一欲中山票頭標之希望也。</span><br/><br/><b><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: PMingLiU; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">番攤</span></b><br/><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: PMingLiU; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> 博具有以制錢代骰及骨牌、紙牌者,曰番攤。先用數百錢磨擦光潔,置席間,隨意抓錢若干,以銅盅覆之,分么二三四四門,令眾人出資猜之。注齊,去覆,以細竹枝扒錢使開,四文一次,扒賸一文,即以決中否,定輸贏。中者,孤注償三倍,黏則倍償,串角、大面,各如數償之,謂之抓番攤,即古之攤錢也。較諸銅寶、搖攤,則公平無弊矣。</span><br/><br/><b><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: PMingLiU; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">廣州有番攤館</span></b><br/><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: PMingLiU; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> 廣州有番攤館,以兵守門,門外懸鎂精燈,或電燈,並張紙燈,大書「海防經費」等字,粵人所謂奉旨開賭者是也。尤大者,則嚴防盜劫,時時戒備。博者入門,先以現金或紙幣交館中執事人,易其籌碼,始得至博案前,審視下注。博案之後,有圍牆極厚,中開一孔,方廣不及二尺,博者納現金,執事人即持現金送入方孔,而於方孔中發遞牙籌,如現金之數,博者即以牙籌為現金。博而勝,仍以原籌自方孔易現金,雖盈千累萬,無不咄嗟立辦。故極大之博場,一日之勝負雖多至數萬數十萬,而無絲毫現金可以取攜,即有盜賊奪門而入,亦不能破此極厚之金庫,以掠現金也。</span><br/><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: PMingLiU; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> 門外無商標,僅一木牌,長約一尺,牌上書「內進銀牌」四字。其勝負極鉅者,則書為「內進金牌」。蓋所謂金牌者,每注必以銀幣五元十元為起點,銀牌則以一元為本位,一元以內,用小銀幣,不得以銅幣下注也。其最下者,則標明「內進銅牌」,為下等社會中人賭博之處,銅幣、制錢皆可下注,不論多寡也。此外尚有所謂「牛牌」者,即一錢不名之人,亦可入局,勝則攫貲而去,不勝則以衣履為質,再不勝則以人為質,如終不勝,則博者即無自由之權,而受拘禁,勒令貽書家族親友,備資往贖。視其離家道里之遠近,限以日期。如過期,即有種種方法之虐待,有被虐而死者。如贖金不至,乃即載之出洋,販作豬仔。岑雲階制府春暄督粵時,以為牛牌之陷人,直與大盜之擄人勒贖無異,遂嚴令禁止,犯者按照置大盜之例,立時正法。一時殺數十人,牛牌之風大戢。</span><br/><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: PMingLiU; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> 城內外之館,多至六七百處,歲輸餉於政府,約銀幣一千一二百萬圓。然政府實收者,不過四百數十萬,餘則悉飽官吏兵役之私囊。承商以後,繳餉數百萬,圓官中規費減為二成,其利皆為商人所得矣。</span><br/><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: PMingLiU; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> 同、光間,廣州有候補官某者,終日無所事事,而起居衣食頗有餘裕,人咸怪之。後始知其日必往番攤館,稍贏即去。次日又往他家,亦以前法行之,約一二月而一周。所入頗足用,而賭徒亦竟無知其姓名者。</span><br/><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: PMingLiU; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> 宣統庚戌,粵人以番攤害鉅,公請永遠禁止。時督粵者為張堅白制軍鳴歧,甚韙其議,遂於辛亥春奏準停止賭捐,即日實行,省內外番攤館千餘家,一律禁閉。然私開攤館,潛納陋規者,猶未絕也。當時粵人之言曰:「明知事至今日,我國必亡,即使禁賭,亦未必能救亡國之禍。然使他日後人議論,謂吾等粵人不知賭博之害,至於亡國,甚可恥也。亡國一也,不如及此尚未亡國之前,先行禁賭,以見粵人非不知賭博之害也。」</span><br/><br/><b><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: PMingLiU; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">澳門有番攤館</span></b><br/><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: PMingLiU; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> 澳門雖為葡屬,以接壤廣州之故,而賭風亦甚,番攤館所在皆有。其嗜賭者,固日必一往,以求博進,即偶爾涉足者,招待之善,禮儀之恭,他處皆不能及。且專雇有代博之人,為客下注,且必為客勝,不勝則代任其責。於是一方代博,而一方則為客預備酒肴、鴉片,恣其啖吸,並招妓為客侑酒,客乃大樂。至博罷,具帳籍以進,則客之博注果勝,第為數不多,而加以酒肴、鴉片及纏頭之資,則客必出銀幣數圓或十數圓也。</span></font></p>
頁:
[1]