《清稗類鈔》﹕粵人風俗
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><font size="3"><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: MingLiU; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU;">錄自《清稗類鈔</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU;">--</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: MingLiU; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU;">風俗類》。</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU;"><p></p></span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><font size="3"><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: MingLiU; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU;">凡例﹕紀載之事,以有清一代順治至宣統為斷。</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU;"><p></p></span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><font size="3"><b><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: PMingLiU; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">粵人有七好</span></b><br/><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: PMingLiU; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> 粵人有七好:好名,好官爵,好貨財,好祈禱,好蓄妾,好多男、好械鬬。</span><br style="mso-special-character: line-break;"/><br style="mso-special-character: line-break;"/></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><font size="3"><b><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: PMingLiU; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">粵有三大</span></b><br/><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: PMingLiU; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> 羊城俗諺有三大之說。三大者:老舉大,【粵中方言謂妓女為老舉】驕夫大,燈籠大也。</span><br style="mso-special-character: line-break;"/><br style="mso-special-character: line-break;"/></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><font size="3"><b><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: PMingLiU; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">粵人好鬬</span></b><br/><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: PMingLiU; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> 粵人性剛好鬬,負氣輕生,稍不相能,動輒鬬殺,曰打怨家,非條教所能禁,口舌所能諭,嘗有千百成群聚眾械鬬之巨案。蓋大姓多聚族而居,多者數千家,少亦數十百家,與他姓一言不合,即約期械鬬,人數不足,則出重資雇人相助,如助鬬而死,給撫卹金﹔因鬬傷廢,給養傷金,其費用則出自祖嘗,或按田科派。游手無業者多樂受雇,雖死不悔。鬬時,揚旗鳴鼓,鎗礮交施,如臨大敵,可數日不解。地方官之框怯者,不敢出而彈壓,亦不敢問兩造之曲直,惟飛稟大吏,請示辦理而已。</span><br/><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: PMingLiU; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> 械鬬既累日不解,或由兩造各邀公正紳耆評其曲直而裁決之,或由地方官傳諭董事為之勸解而調和之。如兩造終不服,則先停戰,而控之於官,靜候判斷,亦有兩方既分勝負而再興訟者,且有鬬死多人而絕不報官者。</span><br/><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: PMingLiU; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> 粵人雖強悍而極畏官吏,每有兩方械鬬之後,此方如有鬬死者,既稟官訟之。官循例捕兇手,亦僅虙張聲勢,不果捕也。彼方乃匿兇手,以重金賄死者家屬,令遞稟和息。然家屬之慾壑不滿,差役之囊橐不盈,和稟亦不得遞也。故遇此等案件,縣署幕友、書吏以及刑差、門皂均有例規,即縣令亦有照例之餽遺焉。</span><br style="mso-special-character: line-break;"/><br style="mso-special-character: line-break;"/></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><font size="3"><b><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: PMingLiU; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">粵人於外省人之感情</span></b><br/><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: PMingLiU; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> 粵人團體堅固,對於同鄉之維護,無所不至。遇外省人,粵西而外,無論何省,均謂之外江佬,商店購物,輒增其價﹔舟車受雇,亦必故意居奇﹔即妓院之中,亦以接待外江佬為恥。故粵人與外省人之感惜極不易融洽也。</span><br style="mso-special-character: line-break;"/><br style="mso-special-character: line-break;"/></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><font size="3"><b><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: PMingLiU; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">粵人多妾</span></b><br/><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: PMingLiU; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> 粵人好蓄妾,僅免饑寒者即置一姬,以備驅使。且以其出身率為侍婢,而烹調浣濯縫紉等事皆所慣習。一家既無多人,於是令其兼任梳頭、烹餁二事,甚者潔除圊溷之役亦令為之,自可不雇女傭,以節糜費。其小康者,則置二妾或三妾,一切役務,均委之若輩。諸妾亦承奉周至,不敢少懈。蓋其意以為烹調一役,雖為庖人專職,然每一餚出,未必能食,多犯不潔之病。今以妾掌庖,則妾亦同案而食,斷不至有此弊,推而至於他事亦然。痛養既關,較外人之徒事敷衍者,自不可同日而語矣。</span><br style="mso-special-character: line-break;"/><br style="mso-special-character: line-break;"/></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><font size="3"><b><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: PMingLiU; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">粵有十姊妹</span></b><br/><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: PMingLiU; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> 粵東處女,輒喜結合異姓儕輩為十姊妹,聚相得者十人,敘齒,年長者居首,對神宣誓,歷久不渝。凡言動必以禮,女紅、妝束,均聽年長者指揮,無待保姆之教,自嫻閨範。惟出嫁必讓其居先,不敢攙越。或迫於父母之命,幼者先嫁,不與新郎宿。強之,則以死拒,如禦強暴,必待長於己者皆已畢嫁,而始成燕好焉。</span><br/><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: PMingLiU; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> 或曰,小家婦及童養媳被虐,怨其父母何不於己為嬰孩時溺死者,於是桀悍婦人遂創為十姊妹,蓋欲逃夫家之威虐,求一生之自由。其規例:約共相扶濟,父母如強嫁之,必須設法私逃,且各謀生業以餬口,不仰他人。故凡娶十姊妹者,無論周防若何嚴密,必致逃遁,或為其曹竄奪而後已。</span><br/><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: PMingLiU; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> 或曰,十姊妹即金蘭契,俗名誇相知,又名識朋友,不知始於何時。</span><br/><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: PMingLiU; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> 或曰,始於絲廠之女工。粵省絲業,以順德為盛,其所用女工常至數百人。女工之感情既日洽,遂有擇其平日素相得者,結為金蘭之契,其數僅為二,情同伉儷,後傭婦多效之,浸假而大家閨秀亦相率效尤,乃成風氣矣。其契約成立之手續,必雙方允洽,如雙方有意,其一方必先備花生糖、蜜棗等物,為致敬品,若既已受納,即為承諾,否則為拒絕。至履行契約時,或遍請朋儕作長夜飲,而其朋儕亦群在賀之。此後坐臥起居無不形影相隨。契約既成立,或有異志,即指為背約,必被毆辱。若輩更擇有後代【即嗣女。】以繼承其財產,其嗣女復結一金蘭契,若媳婦然,與血統之關係無以異也。</span><br style="mso-special-character: line-break;"/><br style="mso-special-character: line-break;"/></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><font size="3"><b><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: PMingLiU; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">粵有不落家之俗</span></b><br/><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: PMingLiU; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> 不落家之風,與金蘭契實有連帶之關係。既結金蘭契,遂立約不適人,後迫於父母之命,強為結婚,乃演成不落家之怪劇。不落家者,即云女子已嫁,不願歸男家也。金蘭契之風,以順德為最盛。故不落家之風,亦以順德為獨多。女子嫁期有日,【粵語謂之知日。】必召集一群女子,【粵謂之花枝群。】作秦庭七日之哭,如喪老妣,其金蘭友亦在焉。臨過門之夕,嫁者必以帶束縛,其狀若尸之將入殮者,復飽食以白果等物,使小便非常收縮。及歸寧後,其金蘭友必親自相驗,若束縛之物稍有移動,是為失節,群皆恥之,女必受辱不堪。故順德常有娶妻數年多不識其妻面貌者。歲遇翁姑壽辰,或年節,非迎迓數次,不能望其一來。至則翌日即返,見其夫,若仇讎也。</span><br style="mso-special-character: line-break;"/><br style="mso-special-character: line-break;"/></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><font size="3"><b><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: PMingLiU; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">大埔婦女之勤儉</span></b><br/><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: PMingLiU; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> 我國婦女,向以徒手坐食為世詬病,其實此惟富貴之家耳,若普通人家,則有職業者為多。今姑舉廣東大埔一邑婦女之特點言之,則因向不纏足,身體碩健,而運動自由,且無施脂粉及插花朵者。而又日出而作,日入而息,自奉儉約,絕無怠惰驕奢之性,於勤儉二字,當之無愧。</span><br/><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: PMingLiU; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> 至其職業,則以終日跣足,故田園種植,耕作者十居七八。即以種稻言之,除犁田、插秧必用男子外,凡下種、耘田、施肥、收穫等事,多用女子。光、宣間,盛行種菸,【將菸葉製為條絲,每年運往各省及南洋者甚多,為大埔出口貨之一宗。】亦多由女子料理。種菸、晒菸等法,往往較男子為優。其餘種瓜果、植蔬菜等事,則純由女子任之。又高陂一帶,產陶頗多,其陶器之擔運,亦多由女子承其役。各處商店出進貨物,或由此市運至彼市,所用挑夫,女子實居其半,其餘為人家傭工供雜作者,亦多有之。又有小販,則寡婦或貧婦為多。又除少數富家婦女外,無不上山樵採者,所採之薪,自用而有餘,輒擔入市中賣之。居山僻者,多以此為業。又勤於織布,惟所織者多屬自用耳。</span><br/><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: PMingLiU; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> 總之,大埔女子,能自立,能勤儉,而堅苦耐勞諸美德無不備具,故能營各種職業以減輕男子之擔負。其中道失夫者,更能不辭勞瘁,養翁姑,教子女,以曲盡為婦之道,甚至有男子不務正業而賴其妻養之者。至若持家務主中饋,猶餘事耳。</span></font><p></p></p> <p><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: pmingliu; mso-ascii-font-family: 'mso-hansi-font-family:';"> 粵人團體堅固,對於同鄉之維護,無所不至。</span></p><p></p><p>粵人要團結喇</p>[此帖子已經被作者於2006-10-24 17:12:23編輯過]
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