《清稗類鈔》﹕粵語–客語–潮語
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><font size="3"><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: MingLiU; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU;">錄自《清稗類鈔</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU;">--</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: MingLiU; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU;">方言類》</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: PMingLiU; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">。</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><font size="3"><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: MingLiU; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU;">凡例﹕紀載之事,以有清一代順治至宣統為斷。</span></font><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU;"><p><font size="3">?</font></p></span><p><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">?</font></p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><font size="3"><b><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: PMingLiU; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">廣州方言</span></b><br/><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: PMingLiU; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> 此皆廣州最通用之名詞,其無字可註者,則依約其義,擇近似之字代之,讀者望文生義。應用時自能明瞭,不至隔閡也。</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><br/><font size="3"><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: PMingLiU; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> 伯爺公,年老之男子鬚髮蒼蒼者也。伯爺婆,年老婦人也。老公,【老讀作魯。】正式之夫也。老婆,正式之妻也。阿奶,妾為阿奶,如有數妾,依次序呼之,自二奶以至十奶也。梳頭媽,梳頭婦人,衣飾極華麗,年約二十,出入大家,家主多私之也。妹仔,【仔讀作宰。】婢女也。大妗,【妗讀作肯。】舊式結婚時所僱之伴娘,伺侯新娘者也。婆媽,女僕也。倒屎婆,收糞公司僱用婦人,每日早間往各戶倒馬桶也。賣瘋女,麻瘋傳至三代以下,儼似常人,嫁時,先誘男子過瘋,僻處每貼「謹防賣瘋」四字以警人也。師姑,尼姑也。蛋家妹,以船為家,亦或賣淫者也。盲妹,瞎女賣唱,夜遊街市,其最高等者不上街,粵人有娶作妾者也。番頭婆,夫死已久改嫁者也。契家婆,男子之姘婦,或所歡之妓也。契家老,女子之姘夫也。契弟,【讀作開代。】男子賣淫者也。老契,指姘頭也。老舉,妓女也。琵琶仔,妓女之未梳櫳者也。師頭婆,商店女主人也,老鴇也。自由女,女學生也。阿官仔,貴公子也。私仔,私自冶游,惟恐為父兄所知者也。爛仔,流氓也。賣豬仔,自賣自身,至外既充苦力,或受拐騙出賣者也。市頭,商店主人也。番鬼狗,執業洋行之職位不高者也。大番薯,罵人之無用,以實心僅可供食,無他用也。細老哥,小孩也。顖門仔,十歲以下之小孩也。白鼻哥,舊劇中之三花面,必以白粉塗鼻,故凡類似滑頭者,輒有此稱也。阿肥,肥碩之人也。外江老,外省人也。燒貴柴,罵外江老也。考其出典,昔日湘軍在粵省傳染麻瘋,若送回本省,恐有傳染,乃行火葬,必用柴燒之,而柴因之漲價,故以罵外省人謂之燒貴柴也。四大寇,猶言四大強盜也。外省人落魄者,結成團體,以乞食為事,如有喜事,必來送喜,其實乞賞錢也。勾脂粉,看女人也。臘狗利,看女人也。撐鬼,猶言撞見鬼,作事不順手也。講鬼,妄語也。白厭,罵人之討厭也。衰鬼、罵人之倒運也。發癲,罵人之癲狂也。推石獅,罵人之作龍陽也。其源出於官署門外有石獅。兩手推之,其後任人取樂也。弊嫁伙,猶言不可收拾也。蝎毒,罵人之有陰謀也。失底,喫虧也。白癨,罵人不知輕重也。失魂魚,罵人之作事錯亂,如魂不付體也。好彩,好運氣也。嘜吔。猶言什麼也。通勝,大家得利也。駕勢,華麗也。肉酸,猶言肉麻也。無米粥,【無讀作冒。】無資本之貿易,欲僥倖得之,猶言無米煮粥,作萬一之想也。抬吔,抬物也。睇野,猶言視物也。歎,快活舒服也。大吉利市,【吉讀作格。】遇不祥之事,即呼之也。掏枯井,半老徐娘,夫亡已久,遺財頗鉅,無人過問,可任其所為,娶之可衣著不盡也。埋街,乘小艇過渡也。挖牆腳,暗挑友人所識之妓也。石敢當搬家,挖牆腳之別名也。爛棉胎換爛布,男子互相雞姦也。發豪,色慾動也。打砲,與妓女作片刻之歡也。出車,婦女上台基,與人野合也。嘸該,謙恭之詞,不敢也。利,舌也。舌【舌與失同音。】頭二字,與賭博不宜,故謂之利也。鹹溼,譏人行為之不正,如喜看女人等事,故有鹹溼先生、鹹溼伯爺公之名也。村佬,性情言語舉止衣服帶有土氣者也。賓個,何人也。公仔,小泥人也。吹螺,自誇也。廿五兩,妓女謔客之名詞,自言其從良也。曰廿五兩,因二十五兩乃一斤半。粵人云一斤九兩謂之斤九,【跟狗同音。】猶言有二十五兩銀即嫁,實含有跟狗之意義,謔之也。靚仔,美少年也。爛尸,逐客之詞也。嘜吔送,今日有何佳肴也,早晨恭敬之詞。如甲乙兩人,晨間初次見面,彼此均可呼之,如英語之</span><font face="Times New Roman">GoodMorning</font><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: PMingLiU; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">也。銀紙,鈔票也。毫子,小銀元也。仙,銅元也。一文,一塊銀元呼作一文,【音作蛟。】惟一元幾角,即不作一文幾毛,而曰一個幾毫,整數用文,零數即作個也。賤格,以言語行動輕薄之也。陰功,使人喫虧也。傾偈,談天也。</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><p><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"></font></p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><font size="3"><b><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: PMingLiU; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">廣東語言文字之奇異</span></b><br/><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: PMingLiU; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> 粵語少正音,書多俗字,如謂平人曰狫,謂新婦曰心抱,謂父曰爸,謂母曰妳,謂子曰崽,子女未生曰孻,衣一襲曰沓,稻一熟曰一造,禽之窠曰鬥,禽之卵曰春。其字之隨俗自選者,如安坐之為</span><font face="Times New Roman">(</font><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: PMingLiU; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">上大下坐</span><font face="Times New Roman">)</font><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: PMingLiU; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">,音穩。人物之短者為</span><font face="Times New Roman">(</font><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: PMingLiU; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">上不下高</span><font face="Times New Roman">)</font><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: PMingLiU; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">,音矮。人物之瘦者為奀,音芒。山之岩洞為</span><font face="Times New Roman">(</font><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: PMingLiU; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">上石下山</span><font face="Times New Roman">)</font><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: PMingLiU; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">,音勘。水之磯激為泵,音聘。蓄水之地為氹,音泔。通水之道為圳,音浸。水之曲折為乪,音囊。路之險隘為卡,音汊。隱身忽出為閄,音或。截木作墊為不,音墩。字異而音亦奇。至於士人書寫,亦多變體,以華為</span><font face="Times New Roman">(</font><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: PMingLiU; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">上世下十</span><font face="Times New Roman">)</font><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: PMingLiU; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">,以閱作</span><font face="Times New Roman">(</font><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: PMingLiU; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">外門內免</span><font face="Times New Roman">)</font><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: PMingLiU; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">,以貺作</span><font face="Times New Roman">(</font><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: PMingLiU; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">月兄</span><font face="Times New Roman">)</font><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: PMingLiU; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">,以聞作</span><font face="Times New Roman">(</font><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: PMingLiU; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">上入下耳</span><font face="Times New Roman">)</font><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: PMingLiU; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">,以鄰作僯,如是者頗多。</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><br/><font size="3"><b><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: PMingLiU; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">廣東有客話</span><br/></b><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: PMingLiU; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> 廣東之南雄州、韶州、連州、惠州、嘉應州五屬,及廣州之花縣、龍門、清遠,潮州之大埔、豐順等縣,均操客話。蓋土著以其後至,故稱其人曰客家,乃遂以其言為客話。其語之節湊句度,較之內地不甚相遠,實與六朝音韻相合。</span><br style="mso-special-character: line-break;"/><br style="mso-special-character: line-break;"/></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><font size="3"><b><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: PMingLiU; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">潮語</span></b><br/><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: PMingLiU; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> 潮語,與泉、漳諸州略似,而大異於嘉應州。粵省土語略可分為三種:一、廣州語。一、客語。【即嘉應州語。】一、福語。【即潮州語。】此種語言絕不相似,幾無一字可通,因語言之隔閡,感情亦因而薄弱,故時起抵觸,且因壤地相錯,利害密切,其抵觸較諸與他省之抵觸者為尤甚。</span></font></p> <p>呢篇文章真係好嘢嚟喎。</p><p>多謝dada你摘錄呢篇文。</p> <p>-古時候並沒有“廣州語”之稱。一般叫做“省城話”﹑“省話”。還有兩廣所有粵語區的則稱“廣東話”或“廣府話”的。而“粵語”及“白話”﹑“廣州話”這一類之稱呼是後來之稱呼的。</p><p>-之前的廣東客話並不叫做“客家話”﹐而叫做“程鄉話”﹑“捱話”﹑“嘉應話”。客家話乃是後來廣東人對他們的稱呼的。</p><p>-所謂現今的“潮州話”。之前廣東人叫之為“福佬話”因其音接近福建的漳﹑泉二州之音。廣東省雷州府﹑瓊州府居民所操的語言亦被廣東人列入“福佬話”的一種。</p><p></p> <p>南雄方言﹑韶關方言(舊稱韶州府)之方言屬性不定﹐既有廣東語成份﹐又有湖南語﹑官話的成份。</p><p>廣東省講客語的居民主要分佈于潮州府之梅縣﹑大埔﹑蕉嶺﹑興寧等處。</p><p>廣東省河源地區居民原始並不是講客話居民居住之地﹐而是廣東省之少數民族居住之地。</p> <p>呢本<font face="MingLiU">《清稗類鈔》係<font face="MingLiU">由<font face="Times New Roman">徐珂(1869—1928)所編寫嘅。由此可見編者係生活喺清朝年間到民國初年。</font></font></font><font face="Times New Roman">由此可見編者係生活喺清朝年間到民國初年。古</font>時嘅人真係博學多才。</p><p><font face="MingLiU">《清稗類鈔》係講清代嘅嘢,涉及廣泛,有講清人,近人嘅文集,筆記,禮儀,古時嘅報章。呢本書記載從順治,康熙到光緒,宣統年間,而且涉及嘅內容廣泛,有軍國大師,典章制度,社會經濟,學術文化,民情風俗等等。特別民情風俗方面,編者收集咗好多資料嚟補充正史嘅不足。</font></p><p><font face="MingLiU">內裏嘅資料有好高嘅參考價值。</font></p><p><font face="MingLiU">噉樣睇落嚟,呢本書係一本古代書籍嚟o架。呢啲資料梗係珍貴喇。</font></p>[此帖子已經被作者於2006-10-26 19:55:18編輯過]
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: MingLiU; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial;">錄自《清稗類鈔</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU;">--</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: MingLiU; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial;">經術類》。</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: PMingLiU; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> <b>俗字之訓詁</b></span><br/><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: PMingLiU; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> 各地通行之俗字頗多,今略舉之。京師人所用者如下:「ㄘ」,音近砌,陋也。「您」,音近凝,義似爾汝,施之於較己為尊者也。衡州人所舛者如下:「外門內身」,音鑽,「外門內身」林,地名,產茶葉。蘇州人所用者如下:「覅」,勿要切,不要也。「朆」,弗曾切,勿曾也。廣東人所用者如下:「亞」,音阿,阿俱寫作亞。「奀」,音茫,弱也。「上不下高」,音矮,人不長也。「閄」,音或,隱身勿出也。「石穴」,音勘,巖洞也。「泵」,音聘,水中磯也。「氹」,音泔,蓄水為池也。「圳」,音浸,通水之道也。「乪」,音囊,水之曲折也。「不」,音墩,截木作墊也。「冇」,音磨,無也。「生筋」,銀去聲,牽扯不斷也。「本」,去聲,拙也。廣西人所用者如下:「上大下坐」、「外門內坐」,俱音穩,穩也。「上不下長」,音矮,矮也。「上不下高」,音呆,矮也。「奀」,音動,弱也,與廣東異。「上不下行」,音臘,足不能舉也。「上不下生」,音終,人死也。「石穴」,音義俱與廣東同。「上不下父」,音近某,假父也。「仦」,音嫋,小兒也。「女大」,音大,女大為姊也。「上仍下土」,音近陳,舊產也。「上如下生」,音近產,假子也。「孑兌」,音近滿,謂最少也。「亞」,音阿,阿字俱寫作亞,與廣東同。</span></p>
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