使君子 發表於 2009-8-20 00:29:33

【孙亨利特区】从海洋谈到民族性

<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(83, 83, 83); font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 1px; line-height: 18px; "><h1 class="news_title" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 20px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 15px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1.5; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); float: left; ">從海洋談到民族性</h1><p class="news_date" style="margin-top: 5px; margin-right: auto; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-left: auto; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; line-height: 1.5; letter-spacing: 1px; ">(2008/07/31 00:47)</p><p class="news" id="news_content" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 40px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 40px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; line-height: 1.5; letter-spacing: 0px; font-size: 19px; color: rgb(60, 60, 60); "><font class="Apple-style-span" color="#535353" size="3"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 1px; line-height: 18px;"><br></span></font></p><p class="news" id="news_content" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 40px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 40px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; line-height: 1.5; letter-spacing: 0px; font-size: 19px; color: rgb(60, 60, 60); "><font class="Apple-style-span" color="#535353" size="3"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 1px; line-height: 18px;"><br></span></font></p><p class="news" id="news_content" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 40px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 40px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; line-height: 1.5; letter-spacing: 0px; font-size: 19px; color: rgb(60, 60, 60); "><br></p><p class="news" id="news_content" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 40px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 40px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; line-height: 1.5; letter-spacing: 0px; font-size: 19px; color: rgb(60, 60, 60); ">孫亨利&nbsp;<br><br><br></p><p class="news" id="news_content" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 40px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 40px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; line-height: 1.5; letter-spacing: 0px; font-size: 19px; color: rgb(60, 60, 60); ">&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;我的祖父和父親都以航海為業,到我這代就無人航海了,可是我還是很喜歡船。&nbsp;<br><br>&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 我最小的兩個兒子,他們不航海而去航空,兩人都有美國的商用航空執照及教練執照,其中一個在美航當客運航班的機長。這兩人有自用私人小飛機,所以我對妻說兒子有飛機,我做老子的至少應該買一條遊艇玩玩,老婆就是不點頭,說我七十多歲了還裝年輕,海上發心臟病誰來救你?我的六分儀〔sextant〕是先父的遺產,是天文航海必備的儀器。先父是大油輪航波斯灣運油的船長,光復初期台灣高雄左營煉油廠全年煉的原油,就是我父為他們從伊朗、科威特、伊拉克等產油國家運來的。&nbsp;<br><br>&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;現在的航海者都用衛星導航,還有自動避撞雷達。若要學這些電子設備的操作,相信我的孫子電玩能手一定比我強。如今航海者早已不用六分儀了,但為了要使航海者在特殊情況下,不靠人造衛星也能找到方位,航海學校還不能不教六分儀這門課。事實上,許多航海者因學過而不用,早就忘了怎麼用法。&nbsp;<br><br>&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;現在新式輪船的駕駛台上都備有六分儀,以備萬一之需,至於船上是否有人會用,是另一回事。現代船上所備的六分儀是塑膠製的,不再有如我手握的那種銅製品。我父原有兩架這種英國造銅製六分儀,在我讀初中時,某日有一年輕人來訪,對我父非常尊敬,並說對航海很感興趣,我父就把一架六分儀借給他去研究如何用法。從此以後我再未見此人之面,六分儀也一去不回。我那時雖想玩一下六分儀,可是我父從來不讓小孩隨便摸這種精密儀器。&nbsp;<br><br>&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;我對各行各業的「專業」都很尊敬和崇拜。西方電影在這方面做得此較好,所以我從小愛看西片,例如日本偷襲珍珠港的影片,軍艦上、飛機上的演員都把所演角色演得很專業,日艦在航行中指揮官向掌舵的航海士下達的操舵口令,和航海士覆述口令,聲調都很專業,甚至在背景音效上也可聽到船上更鐘的聲音。&nbsp;<br><br>&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;船上的更鐘與陸上報時的鐘敲法不同,許多非海員都不知道,即使現代的海員也未必曉得,因為現在的船上都不敲這個鐘了,西方拍電影時都請專業人士指導,他們比較重視專業的真實性,導演不會自作聰明。&nbsp;<br><br>&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;與此成對比的一個例子,我讀到一本天朝文化界在美國出版的半月刊,面有一篇介紹天朝出品的大型電視紀錄片《鄭和》,進入美國主流頻道開播的報導,文題首頁附有大幅劇照。不看劇照則已,看了之後不禁要擔心這個紀錄片會笑掉洋人的大牙。&nbsp;<br><br>※ ↓照片上方是在美國南加州出版的《炎黃文化半月刊》第六期,在鄭和下西洋600週年時刊出的熱門文章標題及插圖;下方是《天工開物》插圖。&nbsp;<br><br><img src="http://www.ettoday.com//newspic/1245/i1245630.jpg" style="border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; vertical-align: middle; ">&nbsp;<br><br><br></p><p class="news" id="news_content" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 40px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 40px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; line-height: 1.5; letter-spacing: 0px; font-size: 19px; color: rgb(60, 60, 60); "><br></p><p class="news" id="news_content" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 40px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 40px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; line-height: 1.5; letter-spacing: 0px; font-size: 19px; color: rgb(60, 60, 60); ">&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 劇照中鄭和寶船甲板上三尊火炮竟都架在如豆腐架般用木條搭成的支架上。凡讀過明宋應星於崇禎十年〔1637年〕所著的《天工開物》一書者,就會知道該電視劇中這些火炮和木條支架,都是照《天工開物》插圖上所畫的造成。這種炮若真能發射,細木條做的架子怎抵得住發射的後座力呢?《天工開物》是天朝士大夫首創的工農百科全書,只說些皮毛,且對事物描述不夠清楚。&nbsp;<br><br>&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;書中的插圖,恐怕連作者宋應星自己都未見過這些插圖,因為作者明明在書中說「凡炮爇引內灼時,先往後座千鈞力,其位須牆抵住,牆崩者其常。」作者宋應星若見到此插圖,怎能認可將他描述的火炮放在細木條做成的架子上呢?古時畫匠見識淺犯下此謬誤,今之導演竟再犯此錯,就會貽笑大方了。&nbsp;<br><br>&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;我的寫作宗旨不是打政治口水戰,而是要把所見如大炮架在豆腐架上的事拿出來評一評。由鄭和寶船紀錄片引起的大炮問題而談到鄭和寶船的不實傳說,盡量找故事寫。&nbsp;<br><br><br><br>(●作者孫亨利,電腦程式師,曾在台灣任教於大學,赴美後從海運船務主管退休,現居加州。本文為NOWnews.com網友投稿,言論不代表本報立場,版權為作者所有。<a href="http://www.nownews.com/project/0010/975_1.htm" target="_blank" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(35, 99, 163); "><font color="#CC0066" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; ">※→孫亨利特區</font></a><font color="#CC0066" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; "></font>)</p><p class="news" id="news_content" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 40px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 40px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; 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