「南天王」陈济棠与老广州的黄金时代
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word-break: break-all; "><td style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; text-align: left; font-family: tahoma, '宋体 fantasy'; font-size: 9pt; line-height: 14pt; padding-top: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-left: 1px; color: rgb(77, 76, 76); "><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: auto; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: auto; "><tbody style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "><tr style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "><td height="40" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; text-align: left; font-family: tahoma, '宋体 fantasy'; font-size: 9pt; line-height: 14pt; padding-top: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-left: 1px; color: rgb(77, 76, 76); "><div align="center" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: auto; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: auto; "><strong style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "><font size="3" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; line-height: normal; ">[政要篇.陈济棠]「南天王」与老广州的黄金时代</font> <br style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "></strong></div></td></tr><tr style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "><td height="1" bgcolor="#888888" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; text-align: left; font-family: tahoma, '宋体 fantasy'; font-size: 9pt; line-height: 14pt; padding-top: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-left: 1px; color: rgb(77, 76, 76); "></td></tr><tr style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "><td height="25" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; text-align: left; font-family: tahoma, '宋体 fantasy'; font-size: 9pt; line-height: 14pt; padding-top: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-left: 1px; color: rgb(77, 76, 76); "><div align="center" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: auto; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: auto; ">时间: 2006-10-23</div></td></tr><tr style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "><td class="text" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; text-align: left; font-family: tahoma, '宋体 fantasy'; font-size: 12px; line-height: 14pt; padding-top: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-left: 1px; color: rgb(77, 76, 76); "><div style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: auto; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: auto; "><div style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: auto; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: auto; "><div style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: auto; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: auto; "><div style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: auto; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: auto; "><div style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: auto; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: auto; "><div style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: auto; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: auto; "><p align="center" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; text-align: center; "><span class="unnamed1" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "><strong style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "><span lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-size: 13.5pt; "><font face="宋体" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; line-height: normal; "><op style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "></op></font></span></strong></span></p><p style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "><strong style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "><span style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-size: 9pt; "><font face="宋体" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; line-height: normal; ">陈济棠<span lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; ">(1890—1954)<op style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "></op></span></font></span></strong></p><p align="center" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "><strong style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "><span lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-weight: normal; font-size: 9pt; "><font face="宋体" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; line-height: normal; "><span style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "><img height="658" width="450" align="middle" border="1" src="http://www.gzlib.gov.cn/FCKeditor/UploadFiles/Image/1(313).gif" onload="imgresize(this);" alt="图片点击可在新窗口打开查看" onclick="javascript:window.open(this.src);" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; cursor: pointer; "></span></font></span></strong></p><p align="center" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "><strong style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "><span lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-weight: normal; font-size: 9pt; "><font face="宋体" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; line-height: normal; "><span style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "><img height="626" width="350" align="middle" border="1" src="http://www.gzlib.gov.cn/FCKeditor/UploadFiles/Image/2(311).gif" onload="imgresize(this);" alt="图片点击可在新窗口打开查看" onclick="javascript:window.open(this.src);" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; cursor: pointer; "></span></font></span></strong></p><p align="center" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "><strong style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "><span lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-weight: normal; font-size: 9pt; "><font face="宋体" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; line-height: normal; "><span style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "><span style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 宋体; ">掌握广东命运、军政大权集于一身的「南天王」。</span></span></font></span></strong></p><p style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "><strong style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "><span lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-weight: normal; font-size: 9pt; "><font face="宋体" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; line-height: normal; "><span style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "> 陈济棠,</span>防城港人,粤系军阀代表,曾任广东省主席,控制广东军政大权,时称「南天王」。在其主粤期间(1929—1936),政治上与南京中央政权分庭抗礼,经济上进行有计划的建设,兴办现代实业,大搞市政建设,这一时期的广州工商业和市政建设成绩卓著,为广州的现代化进程打下了坚实的基础。主粤期间,广州物价稳定,市场繁荣,市民生活有了很大程度的改善,被称为老广州的「黄金时代」。因联同新桂系发动「两广事变」反蒋失败,1936年被逼下野,1954年在台湾去世。<op style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "></op></font></span></strong></p><p style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "><font class="Apple-style-span" face="宋体" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; line-height: normal; "><b style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "><br style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "></b></font></p><p style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "><strong style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "><span style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-size: 9pt; "><font face="宋体" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; line-height: normal; ">复活的灵魂<span lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "><op style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "></op></span></font></span></strong></p><p style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "><font face="宋体" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; line-height: normal; "><strong style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "><span style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-size: 9pt; ">陈济棠:在火药桶上编织「神话」</span></strong><span lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-size: 9pt; "><op style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "></op></span></font></p><p style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "><span lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-size: 9pt; "><font face="宋体" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; line-height: normal; "> 1936年7月18日黄昏,天色灰沉,因发动「两广事变」而失败下野的陈济棠,身携2600万元巨款,满怀郁闷,从黄埔鱼珠炮台登上海虎号军舰,黯然离开广州,踏上逃亡香港的路程。<op style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "></op></font></span></p><p style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "><span style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-size: 9pt; "><font face="宋体" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; line-height: normal; "> 仅仅还在昨天,即这个「黑色星期五」降临之前,他还是这座繁华都市,不,整个广东的主人。而七年前<span lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; ">(1929年春),也是乘坐海虎号军舰,属虎还未满39岁的他就像一只出山猛虎,雄心勃勃地扑向这座战乱频仍、前途未卜的城市,开始了其统治广东、并直至成为「南天王」的「威水」史。可如今时移世易,弹指之间,这一切已成「南柯旧梦」。与此同时,一个由他命名的「广东黄金时代」,就这样人去灯熄,骤然落幕。<op style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "></op></span></font></span></p><p style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "><span style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-size: 9pt; "><font face="宋体" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; line-height: normal; "> 对这个所谓的「陈济棠时代」,不仅许多老广们怀念不已,而且连他一生的「政敌」,也曾予以相当的肯定。<span lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; ">(1980年陈济棠之子陈树柏从美国回国参观,Dang Siu-Ping在接见他时说:「令尊治粤八年,确有建树,有些老一辈的广东人还在怀念他。」)这大概是陈济棠做梦也没有想到的。因为他给自己的评价是:「半生无过亦无功」;「半世救人难自救」。<op style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "></op></span></font></span></p><p style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "><span style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-size: 9pt; "><font face="宋体" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; line-height: normal; "> 事实上,陈的前半生可谓功过分明:功在建设,过在反共。而这都是「时运」使然。<span lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "><op style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "></op></span></font></span></p><p style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "><span style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-size: 9pt; "><font face="宋体" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; line-height: normal; "> 清朝覆亡后,战争与建设,便一直是中国<span lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; ">20世纪交叉上演的两部「大戏」;其中,更不断加插一幕幕革命和改良的活报剧,场景、剧情、节目单、演员阵容愈发显得令人眼花缭乱。显然,陈济棠充当了其中一出地方戏——「粤剧」的一位主角。而与他的那些前辈,如孙中山、廖仲恺、胡汉民、汪精卫、陈炯明等「老生」、「小生」、「武生」相比,其作为一名后起之秀的演出,不论是「服饰」、「动作」(实践层面),还是「曲目」、「唱腔」(理论层面),都颇有继往开来的发挥。<op style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "></op></span></font></span></p><p style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "><span style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-size: 9pt; "><font face="宋体" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; line-height: normal; "> 从<span lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; ">20岁厕身行伍,到取代李济深主宰广东,陈济棠对战争和建设这两部「大戏」的内涵及其相互间的关系,逐渐有了较深的领悟。经验使他确信,在中国,小到一个人,大到一个政党,一个地方,甚至一个民族,都必须靠战争「起家」,靠建设「坐大」。它们是「发展」的两个车轮,缺一不可。这其实是典型的「民国思路」,并非陈济棠的什么发明。国民党首席理论家胡汉民对此早有一针见血的批判——「以军统党,以党治国」。虽然胡的矛头指向是蒋介石的南京中央,但陈济棠为称雄割据而致力于广东「自治」所进行的种种战争和建设,又何尝不是如此。只不过他善于把握时机,并利用广东的地缘优势取得一定成功罢了(其他地方实力派如山西阎锡山、四川刘湘等也是这样做的,只是「业绩」不及陈突出)。<op style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "></op></span></font></span></p><p style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "><span style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-size: 9pt; "><font face="宋体" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; line-height: normal; "> 当然,陈济棠「治粤八年,确有建树」。在他主持下,广东,尤其是广州,经济、文化和市政建设都有很大发展,广州更一跃而成为中国的「首善之区」和繁华大都市<span lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; ">(人口达112万)。那时,市郊农民常将农产品「拿到香港市场去卖,卖了钱,一头洋面粉,一头洋饼干,挑回家吃」;「茶楼二分之一以下的厅堂生意最热闹,可见平民和劳动界的享受普遍」;而「外人初到广州游览,常叹广州近年物质之进步。盖高楼大厦,车水马龙,颇足眩人耳目。」而陈本人,也理所当然地成了「神话」的始创者和受益者。<op style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "></op></span></font></span></p><p style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "><span style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-size: 9pt; "><font face="宋体" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; line-height: normal; "> 有几件事,既是这个「神话」的部分内容,又颇能说明它的某些性质特点,不能不提。<span lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; ">1934年,陈济棠要求全省中小学推行读经教育,并亲编《新公民课本》,第一课就是「陈总司令爱我,我爱陈总司令」12个大字。事后,人们才明白,陈这样做,是为了编织一个更大的「神话」——从一方诸侯变成「真龙天子」。<op style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "></op></span></font></span></p><p style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "><span lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-size: 9pt; "><font face="宋体" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; line-height: normal; "> 但陈济棠忘记了,他的那些「神话」,是坐在中国这个大火药桶上偷空撰写出来的,根本就经不起一点「火星」。<op style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "></op></font></span></p><p style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "><span lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-size: 9pt; "><font face="宋体" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; line-height: normal; "> 1936年5月12日,胡汉民猝死广州,使得南京中央和以广东为首的西南联盟之间的固有矛盾顿时激化。6月1日,陈济棠联台桂系李宗仁,发动了借抗日以反蒋的「两广事变」。陈很自信,此次的「先发制人」,必可毕全功于一役,实现问鼎中原的夙愿。在此之前,其精通风水术数的五哥陈维周,网罗一批江湖术士,做了大量的「铺垫」工作。可笑的是,乩语「机不可失」和「草头倒,无人无人」,被陈理解为时运已到,倒蒋必成。而事实却恰成讽刺:由于陈的空军被蒋收买而率先叛逃,使陈痛失「良机」(飞机数十架),以至局势急转直下,很快便不可收拾。<op style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "></op></font></span></p><p style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "><span style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-size: 9pt; "><font face="宋体" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; line-height: normal; "> 神话破灭了。紧接着,是「火药桶」的连续爆炸——西安事变,八年抗战,三年国共内争……「南天王」陈济棠,再也没有回到万人瞩目的「舞台」。<span lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "><op style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "></op></span></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0cm; "><font class="Apple-style-span" face="宋体" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; line-height: normal; "><b style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "><br style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "></b></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0cm; "><strong style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "><span style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: 宋体; ">地理记忆</span><span lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "><op style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "></op></span></strong></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0cm; "><strong style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "><span style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: 宋体; ">东山梅花村:陈公馆</span><span lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "><op style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "></op></span></strong></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0cm; "><span lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0cm; "><span lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "><span style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "><img height="238" width="350" align="middle" border="1" src="http://www.gzlib.gov.cn/FCKeditor/UploadFiles/Image/3(310).gif" onload="imgresize(this);" alt="图片点击可在新窗口打开查看" onclick="javascript:window.open(this.src);" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; cursor: pointer; "></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0cm; "><span lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "><span style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "></span></span></p><table class="" bordercolor="#ffffff" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" background="http://www.gzlib.gov.cn/shequ_info/ndgz/NDGZDetail.do?id=18366" border="1" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: auto; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: auto; width: 387px; height: 27px; "><tbody style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "><tr style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "><td style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; text-align: left; font-family: tahoma, '宋体 fantasy'; font-size: 9pt; line-height: 14pt; padding-top: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-left: 1px; color: rgb(77, 76, 76); "> <span style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 宋体; ">陈公馆</span><span style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'times new roman'; "> </span><span style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 宋体; ">位于东山梅花村的陈公馆,陈济棠许多关于广东建设的「大计」都是在这里制定的。陈氏下野之后,于</span><span lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'times new roman'; ">40</span><span style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 宋体; ">年代将其让给广东省政府主席宋子文居住,当时的梅花村被称为「广东政治权力的后院」。</span></td></tr></tbody></table><p style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0cm; "><span lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0cm; "><span lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "><span style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "><img height="534" width="350" align="middle" border="1" src="http://www.gzlib.gov.cn/FCKeditor/UploadFiles/Image/4(287).gif" onload="imgresize(this);" alt="图片点击可在新窗口打开查看" onclick="javascript:window.open(this.src);" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; cursor: pointer; "></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0cm; "><span lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "><span style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "><span style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 宋体; ">陈济棠与妻子莫秀英终生「情深爱笃」,在军阀中堪称奇迹。</span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0cm; "><span lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0cm; "><br style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0cm; "><span lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "><span style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "> </span></span><span style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: 宋体; ">广州作家、文史研究者叶曙明在其《广州旧事》一书中说:「</span><span lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; ">30</span><span style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: 宋体; ">年代初,把东山称为广州政治权力的后院,可谓恰如其分。那时陈济棠住在梅花村,经常在家开会,听取大小官员们的汇报,因此大家便走马灯似地往梅花村跑。许多关于广州建设的方针大计,最后都是在梅花村一锤定音的。」</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0cm; "><br style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0cm; "><span lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "><span style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "> </span></span><span style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: 宋体; ">位于东山区梅花村的陈济棠公馆,就位置而言,应该很好找,从梅花村口向北直行</span><span lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; ">500</span><span style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: 宋体; ">米即到。一个阳光明媚的下午,记者初访,村里绕了两圈,也没见到一处看起来有历史痕迹的建筑,问了好多人「陈公馆在哪里」,都是一脸茫然。还是一位白发的老奶奶说:陈公馆</span><span lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; ">?</span><span style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: 宋体; ">是陈济棠吧</span><span lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; ">?</span><span style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: 宋体; ">妇联就是。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0cm; "><br style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0cm; "><span lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "><span style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "> </span></span><span style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: 宋体; ">省妇联的一位大姐告诉记者:这里原来是某部队管理着,列</span><span lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; ">1982</span><span style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: 宋体; ">年时省委机关大院人满为患,于是便把省妇联由省委大院迁到此处,利用原来的陈济棠公馆办公,从此一呆就是</span><span lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; ">20</span><span style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: 宋体; ">年。通过新修的大门往里走,可以感受到这里的格局几十没怎么变,除了房子旧了一点外,较大的变化是原来的梅花村</span><span lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; ">32</span><span style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: 宋体; ">号改成了梅花村</span><span lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; ">29</span><span style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: 宋体; ">号。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0cm; "><br style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0cm; "><span lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "><span style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "> </span></span><span style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: 宋体; ">进门处有一六角形角亭,据说陈氏后人当年来此寻根时,指引并唤起其记忆的便是这门口的小小建筑了——因为这是当初的岗楼,如今已变成家政服务中心了。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0cm; "><br style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0cm; "><span lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "><span style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "> </span></span><span style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: 宋体; ">往里走,便是陈济棠当年生活的场所了。整个建筑物由三座楼连体而成,主楼有三层,铁窗户、木楼梯,当年的「南天王」领地,如今已被隔成多个办公区域。一个工作人员热情地介绍说:这两年这里似乎热起来了,去年珠江电影制片厂拍电影,「蒋介石」还在此小住了一个多星期呢。历史上,蒋介石确实曾在这里住过,但那已是在陈济棠离开广州之后的事了。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0cm; "><span lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "> <op style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "></op></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0cm; "><font class="Apple-style-span" face="宋体" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; line-height: normal; "><b style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "><br style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "></b></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0cm; "><strong style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "><span style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: 宋体; ">从化温泉:陈氏别墅</span><span lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "><op style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "></op></span></strong></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0cm; "><span lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0cm; "><span lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "><span style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "><img height="150" width="350" align="middle" border="1" src="http://www.gzlib.gov.cn/FCKeditor/UploadFiles/Image/5(250).gif" onload="imgresize(this);" alt="图片点击可在新窗口打开查看" onclick="javascript:window.open(this.src);" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; cursor: pointer; "></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0cm; "><span lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "><span style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "></span></span></p><table class="" bordercolor="#ffffff" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" background="http://www.gzlib.gov.cn/shequ_info/ndgz/NDGZDetail.do?id=18366" border="1" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: auto; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: auto; width: 393px; height: 27px; "><tbody style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "><tr style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "><td style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; text-align: left; font-family: tahoma, '宋体 fantasy'; font-size: 9pt; line-height: 14pt; padding-top: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-left: 1px; color: rgb(77, 76, 76); "><span lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "><span style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "><span style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 宋体; ">从化别墅</span><span style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'times new roman'; "> </span><span style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 宋体; ">位于从化温泉的陈济棠别墅,以黄色琉璃瓦为顶,显示「南天王」欲称霸天下的野心。</span></span></span></td></tr></tbody></table><p style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0cm; "><span lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "><span style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "></span> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0cm; "><span lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "><span style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "> </span></span><span style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: 宋体; ">陈济棠在「广府」的足迹,印记较多的除了东山梅花村的「陈公馆」外,就是位于从化温泉的「陈别墅」了。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; ">1936</span><span style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: 宋体; ">年,陈济棠于广州温泉开发高潮时,也在从化温泉建了一幢二层传统宫殿式别墅。从化名人别墅群几十都是用绿琉璃瓦,也只有陈济棠敢用皇宫才用的黄琉璃瓦,由此不难发现这个「南天王」的野心了。解放后,陈氏别墅成为从化市重点文物保护单位,作为旅馆对外营业。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0cm; "><span lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "> <op style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "></op></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0cm; "><br style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0cm; "><strong style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "><span style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: 宋体; ">海珠桥</span><span lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "><op style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "></op></span></strong></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0cm; "><span lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0cm; "><span lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "><span style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "><img height="166" width="350" align="middle" border="1" src="http://www.gzlib.gov.cn/FCKeditor/UploadFiles/Image/6(196).gif" onload="imgresize(this);" alt="图片点击可在新窗口打开查看" onclick="javascript:window.open(this.src);" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; cursor: pointer; "></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0cm; "><span lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "><span style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "><span style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 宋体; ">代表作</span><span style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'times new roman'; "> </span><span style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 宋体; ">陈氏市政建设的标志性成就海珠桥,落成典礼盛况空前。</span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0cm; "><span lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0cm; "><span lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "><span style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "> </span></span><span style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: 宋体; ">广州第一座钢铁大桥——海珠桥,记录了陈济棠主粤时广州曾有过的一个时代。海珠桥建成于</span><span lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; ">1933</span><span style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: 宋体; ">年</span><span lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; ">2</span><span style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: 宋体; ">月,从此一桥贯通南北市区,促进了广州市的经济发展。国民党撤离大陆前将海球桥炸毁,后被修复。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0cm; "><span lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "> <op style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "></op></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0cm; "><br style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0cm; "><strong style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "><span style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: 宋体; ">中山纪念堂.爱群大厦.市府大楼</span><span lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "><op style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "></op></span></strong></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0cm; "><br style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0cm; "><span lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "><span style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "> </span></span><span style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: 宋体; ">陈氏给广州人留下最深印象的建筑代表作,是中山纪念堂、爱群大厦与市府大楼。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0cm; "><span lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0cm; "><span lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "><span style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "><img height="442" width="350" align="middle" border="1" src="http://www.gzlib.gov.cn/FCKeditor/UploadFiles/Image/7(143).gif" onload="imgresize(this);" alt="图片点击可在新窗口打开查看" onclick="javascript:window.open(this.src);" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; cursor: pointer; "></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0cm; "><span lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "><span style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "><span style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 宋体; ">代表作</span><span lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'times new roman'; "> 1937</span><span style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 宋体; ">年建成的广州第一高楼爱群大厦,陈氏市政建设的压轴之作。</span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0cm; "><span lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0cm; "><br style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0cm; "><span lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "><span style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "> </span></span><span style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: 宋体; ">中西合璧的中山纪念堂为陈济棠主粤初期建成,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; ">1931</span><span style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: 宋体; ">年</span><span lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; ">10</span><span style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: 宋体; ">月竣工。爱群大厦建于</span><span lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; ">1934</span><span style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: 宋体; ">年初,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; ">1937</span><span style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: 宋体; ">年落成,是当时广州最高的建筑物。现在的市府大楼也是陈济棠主粤时建造的,原称市府合署,当时工程分为三期,第一期工程只完成了大楼的南半部分,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; ">1936</span><span style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: 宋体; ">年陈济棠下野,二、三期工程终未能实施。解放后一直为市政府办公大楼。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0cm; "><span lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "> <op style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "></op></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0cm; "><br style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0cm; "><strong style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "><span style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: 宋体; ">中山大学.中山图书馆</span><span lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "><op style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "></op></span></strong></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0cm; "><br style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0cm; "><span lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "><span style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "> </span></span><span style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: 宋体; ">陈济棠在文化建设上也颇有「大手笔」。传说当年孙中山逝世后,陈济棠为了纪念他,特地要规划一块地方建立中山大学,于是在市政府摆了一门大炮,向东南西北四个方向各发一炮,其中一枚炮弹落在五山。当时陈济棠看着广州的地图,用拐杖在五山那一块画了一个圈,说是「要给孙先生留大一点的地方」,这一圈,面积便超过万亩。后来中山大学搬迁之后,旧中大的原址便留给了华农和华工。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0cm; "><br style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0cm; "><span lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "><span style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "> </span></span><span style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: 宋体; ">省立中山图书馆始建于</span><span lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; ">1912</span><span style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: 宋体; ">年,位于文明路的新馆</span><span lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; ">(</span><span style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: 宋体; ">现为孙中山文献馆</span><span lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; ">)</span><span style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: 宋体; ">则是陈济棠下令重建的。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0cm; "><span lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "> <op style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "></op></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0cm; "><font class="Apple-style-span" face="宋体" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; line-height: normal; "><b style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "><br style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "></b></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0cm; "><strong style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "><span style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: 宋体; ">西村工业区</span><span lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "><op style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "></op></span></strong></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0cm; "><span lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0cm; "><span lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "><span style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "><img height="739" width="508" align="middle" border="1" src="http://www.gzlib.gov.cn/FCKeditor/UploadFiles/Image/8(103).gif" onload="imgresize(this);" alt="图片点击可在新窗口打开查看" onclick="javascript:window.open(this.src);" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; cursor: pointer; "></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0cm; "><span lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "><span style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "><span style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 宋体; ">代表作</span><span style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'times new roman'; "> </span><span style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 宋体; ">广东省营第一工业区,陈济棠为广东经济设计的火车头。</span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0cm; "><span lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0cm; "><br style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0cm; "><span lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "><span style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "> </span>30</span><span style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: 宋体; ">年代初,陈济棠为了振兴民族工商业,将西村规划为省营第一工业区,集中了不少</span><span style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: 宋体; ">留洋的工程技术和管理人才,大力发展化学工业,先后建起大型的士敏土厂,化学工业厂</span><span style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: 宋体; ">硫酸分厂和广东饮料厂、西村发电厂等,使西村成为广州的重要工业开发区。如今的西村</span><span style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: 宋体; ">工业区遗迹遗址,已经成为旅游景点,不复有当年的机器轰鸣声矣。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0cm; "><br style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0cm; "><span lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "> <op style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "></op></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0cm; "><strong style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "><span style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: 宋体; ">□评说陈济棠</span><span lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "><op style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "></op></span></strong></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0cm; "><br style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0cm; "><span lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "><span style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "> </span></span><span style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: 宋体; ">治粤八年,确有建树,有些老一辈的广东人还在怀念他。——Dang Siu-Ping接见陈济棠之子陈树柏时说</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0cm; "><span lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "> <op style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "></op></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0cm; "><span lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "><span style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "> </span></span><span style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: 宋体; ">民国十六七年,兄弟曾到广州,现已隔七八年。现在之广州,与以前之广州又不同,码头增多,市面扩大,建筑物、汽车都日有增加。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="right" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0cm; text-align: right; "><span lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "><span style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "> </span></span><span style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: 宋体; ">——梁漱溟评价陈济棠建设成就</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0cm; "><span lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "> <op style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "></op></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0cm; "><br style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0cm; "><span lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "><span style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "> </span><span style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "> </span></span><span style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: 宋体; ">陈济棠的上台,结束了长期以来广东被外来军阀或政客霸占或统治的历史,开始了「粤人治粤」的新局面,因而易于获得广东人民的认同。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="right" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0cm; text-align: right; "><span lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "><span style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "> </span></span><span style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: 宋体; ">——</span><span lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; ">(</span><span style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: 宋体; ">岭南文库.陈济棠</span><span lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; ">)</span><span style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: 宋体; ">作者肖自力</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0cm; "><span lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "> <op style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "></op></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0cm; "><br style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0cm; "><span lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "><span style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "> </span></span><span style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: 宋体; ">自从清末洋务运动以来,中国先后举办了一些具有近代色彩的工商企业,但是很遗憾,本来就得风气之先的广东,恰好是中国近代化进程中的落伍者。直到</span><span lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; ">20</span><span style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: 宋体; ">世纪</span><span lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; ">30</span><span style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: 宋体; ">年代,才由</span><span style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: 宋体; ">陈济棠在这方面为广东做了一些补救工作,使广东倏然间成为中国潜心于工农商林文教等各业建设的一块难得的「风水宝地」。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="right" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0cm; text-align: right; "><span lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "><span style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "> </span></span><span style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: 宋体; ">——《陈济棠》作者钟卓安</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0cm; "><span lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "> <op style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "></op></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0cm; "><font class="Apple-style-span" face="宋体" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; line-height: normal; "><b style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "><br style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "></b></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0cm; "><font class="Apple-style-span" face="宋体" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; line-height: normal; "><b style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "><br style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "></b></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0cm; "><strong style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "><span style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: 宋体; ">人物词典</span><span lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "><op style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "></op></span></strong></p><p style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "><font face="宋体" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; line-height: normal; "><strong style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "><span style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-size: 9pt; ">福将.儒将.虎将</span></strong><span lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-size: 9pt; "><op style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "></op></span></font></p><p style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "><font class="Apple-style-span" face="宋体" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; line-height: normal; "><br style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "></font></p><p style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "><span lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-size: 9pt; "><font face="宋体" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; line-height: normal; "> 从广东陆军速成学校毕业后,22岁的陈济棠由机枪连排长干起,一路顺风顺水,直到45岁「荣升」一级陆军上将,成为主宰南天的一代枭雄。<op style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "></op></font></span></p><p style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "><span lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-size: 9pt; "><font face="宋体" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; line-height: normal; "> 「在广东人的心目中,陈济棠有『福将'之称。所谓『福将',其特征第一是逢凶化吉,第二是坐享其成,第三是无端发达。」(程思远语)纵观陈的一生,此言诚非虚语。陈济棠一生至少有五次遭遇「奇祸」,但每次都大难不死,连他自己都感到意外。他每次升迁,几乎都是「不劳而获」,靠别人的倒霉或走运坐享其成。最典型的例子,就是1929年取代李济深主掌广东,当时。他才是个师长。<op style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "></op></font></span></p><p style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "><span style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-size: 9pt; "><font face="宋体" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; line-height: normal; "> 在陈济棠发迹以前,中国曾有过所谓的两大「儒将」,即南方的陈炯明和北方的吴佩孚。但相比他们,陈显然更具「儒将」资格——不仅长得更「斯文」、「有型」,而且更有学问和修养。最能说明陈的「儒将」风度与作为的,莫过这么几点:一是热衷和注重教育;二是善待知识分子;三是尊孔崇礼。<span lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "><op style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "></op></span></font></span></p><p style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "><span lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-size: 9pt; "><font face="宋体" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; line-height: normal; "> 陈济棠先后创办了勷勤大学、中山图书馆、广州音乐学院、广州国医学院及数十所省立、县立师范学校,并使全省的中小学数量分别上升了20和46个百分点。陈一直认为,教育「是立国张本,是永久的事业」。为推进他在广东的建设大业,陈对各种专业人士,尤其是留学归来的科技人员,不仅委以重任,而且待遇优厚。这些人也对他「知恩图报」,干得很出色。在他们眼里,「陈先生是一位恂恂儒者,丝毫没有武人的习气」,「是一位懂得学术的军人」。<op style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "></op></font></span></p><p style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "><span lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-size: 9pt; "><font face="宋体" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; line-height: normal; "> 此外,陈还是一员「虎将」。但其「虎威」和将才,多数表现在「剿匪」方面。不论是剿土匪,还是剿「叛匪」(其他地方军阀,如桂系),陈都很有一套,且屡屡奏捷。唯有剿「共匪」,虽终生不遗余力,却「乏善可陈」。而从其「反蒋」的「虎头蛇尾」并一败涂地来看,陈的军事才能,充其量也只配当一个少将军长。尽管那时的粤军,已被他用世界一流装备武装成中国最「先进」的军队。<op style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "></op></font></span></p><p style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "><font class="Apple-style-span" face="宋体" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; line-height: normal; "><b style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "><br style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "></b></font></p><p style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "><font face="宋体" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; line-height: normal; "><strong style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "><span style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-size: 9pt; ">无烟糖.士敏土.海珠桥</span></strong><span lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-size: 9pt; "><op style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "></op></span></font></p><p style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "><span style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-size: 9pt; "><font face="宋体" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; line-height: normal; "> 陈济棠平生最为人称道的,大概应是他「治粤八年」的种种业绩;而他生平最得意的「作品」,却当属《广东三年施政计划》。<span lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "><op style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "></op></span></font></span></p><p style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "><span style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-size: 9pt; "><font face="宋体" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; line-height: normal; "> 该计划洋洋洒洒<span lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; ">40万字,描绘了广东1932~1935年的美好蓝图,可看作「陈济棠神话」的一个提纲。据说陈写完后,竟「大病一场」。根据这个计划,广东将建立规模庞大的省营工业体系,并推进政治、经济、文化和教育的全面发展。而随着该计划的实施,制糖业便成了带动整个广东经济起飞的「龙头」。<op style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "></op></span></font></span></p><p style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "><span lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-size: 9pt; "><font face="宋体" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; line-height: normal; "> 搞笑的是,此前,各大糖厂的烟囱尚未竖立起来,市面上已有其产品大量出售。原来,陈济棠动用缉私舰艇从香港运回洋糖,换上「五羊牌广东糖厂出品」的包装,抛入市场牟利。仅1934年下半年,陈就走私白糖净赚400万元。而这些走私糖,便被广州人谑称为「无烟糖」。<op style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "></op></font></span></p><p style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "><span lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-size: 9pt; "><font face="宋体" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; line-height: normal; "> 除白糖以外,「士敏土」(水泥)也是陈济棠积累建设资金的「摇钱树」之一。位于西村工业区内的士敏土厂于1931年6月正式投产,很快就供不应求,获利不菲。对此,像另一盈利产业钨砂专卖一样,陈主要都是将其收入用于「以厂养厂」,补贴其他大部分亏损的省营企业。<op style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "></op></font></span></p><p style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "><span lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-size: 9pt; "><font face="宋体" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; line-height: normal; "> 1933年2月15日,横跨珠江两岸的第一座大桥——海珠桥建成通车,这无疑又是陈三年计划的一个标志性成就。其余类似的「陈氏手笔」还有:广州市政府合署大楼、海珠新堤、洲头咀内港、西南航空公司、中山大学新校舍、市立气象台及30条新辟马路等。而于1934年开工,1937年落成的爱群大厦,便成了「陈济棠时代」的压轴之作。<op style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "></op></font></span></p><p style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "><font class="Apple-style-span" face="宋体" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; line-height: normal; "><b style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "><br style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "></b></font></p><p style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "><font face="宋体" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; line-height: normal; "><strong style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "><span style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-size: 9pt; ">读经.禁服</span></strong><span lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-size: 9pt; "><op style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "></op></span></font></p><p style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "><span lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-size: 9pt; "><font face="宋体" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; line-height: normal; "> 文化上的保守主义,是近代至民国时期军阀的共同特性,即使是在经济建设上颇为「前卫」的陈济棠也不例外。他对「国粹」的热爱可谓如痴如醉,至死不渝。<op style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "></op></font></span></p><p style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "><span lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-size: 9pt; "><font face="宋体" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; line-height: normal; "> 虽然在时代浪潮的冲击下,他对许多新的事物都颇能接受,但一旦涉及意识、观念和文化,便处处表现出其强烈的保守本色。1933年底,陈一手发起「广东复古运动」,大倡尊孔读经,并宣称「我粤以孝治天下」,除强令大中小学生都必须课读经书外,还开设研究「固有文化」的明德杜、学海书院,分别由其兄陈维周和社会党魁张君劢、张东荪主持,邀清谢幼伟、牟宗三等著名新「儒士」担任导师。陈因此一时「声名鹊起」,大有「再造中国,舍我其谁」的气概。<op style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "></op></font></span></p><p style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "><span lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-size: 9pt; "><font face="宋体" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; line-height: normal; "> 奇怪的是,陈对「有伤风化」的娼赌却睁一眼闭一眼,从不厉行禁止(因为可以创收);相反,对「奇装妖服」和跳舞,则大加挞伐,理由当然还是「正人心」。1935年9月,广州当局首次宣布「禁服」,不许妇女「招摇过市」。5月5日,30多个「维持风纪队」开着囚车,沿街查处违禁者。一旦发现,即拘至警署训诫,然后在其衣袖加盖「违反标准服装」的印记。而此前,广州所有的舞厅,早已关门大吉(直到抗战胜利后才恢复)。陈似乎「意犹未尽」,还先后颁令禁止男女同台演出,禁止男女同池游泳,禁止戏剧、电影出现「诲淫诲盗」场景等。<op style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "></op></font></span></p><p style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "><font class="Apple-style-span" face="宋体" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; line-height: normal; "><b style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "><br style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "></b></font></p><p style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "><font face="宋体" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; line-height: normal; "><strong style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "><span style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-size: 9pt; ">喜术.投机</span></strong><span lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-size: 9pt; "><op style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "></op></span></font></p><p style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "><span lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-size: 9pt; "><font face="宋体" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; line-height: normal; "> 与上述「道貌岸然」相映成趣的,是陈济棠的「喜术」——迷信阴阳术数。这点,他倒可以与吴佩孚引为「知己」。<op style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "></op></font></span></p><p style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "><span lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-size: 9pt; "><font face="宋体" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; line-height: normal; "> 这俩哥们因占卜算卦、命相「风水」而留下的喜剧故事,简直不分伯仲。吴是每战必卜,并自称是戚继光「转世」;陈则每提拔一军官,都要请术士过目,验看是否「脑有反骨」。结果大家的下场,也都如出一辙:吴栽在「稳操胜算」的战事上,陈栽在「足堪信赖」的部下手里。<op style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "></op></font></span></p><p style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "><span lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-size: 9pt; "><font face="宋体" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; line-height: normal; "> 这也说明,凡喜术者,都是善于「投机」的「机会主义分子」。打开史册,我们就会发现,中国历来盛产此类「英雄」。</font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0cm; "><font class="Apple-style-span" face="宋体" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; line-height: normal; "><b style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "><br style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "></b></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0cm; "><strong style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "><span style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: 宋体; ">精彩言论</span><span lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "><op style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "></op></span></strong></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0cm; "><span lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "><span style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "> </span></span><span style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: 宋体; ">关子教育:教育是立国张本,是永久的事业。今日的教育问题,是我中华民族的生死问题。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0cm; "><span lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "><span style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "> </span></span><span style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: 宋体; ">关子经济:一方面建设国家经济</span><span lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; ">(</span><span style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: 宋体; ">即国有经济</span><span lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; ">)</span><span style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: 宋体; ">,一方面同时建设国民经济</span><span lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; ">(</span><span style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: 宋体; ">即民营经济</span><span lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; ">)</span><span style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: 宋体; ">,以国家经济力量发展国民经济。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0cm; "><span lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "><span style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "> </span></span><span style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: 宋体; ">关于民生:无论消费建设、生产建设,均应以能够适应人民的需要为前提。若果人民的痛苦不能解除,则一切的主义都是空谈。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0cm; "><span lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "><span style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "> </span></span><span style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: 宋体; ">关于广东;广东是革命的策源地,破坏之后。自应速谋建设,以回复地方元气。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0cm; "><span lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "> <op style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "></op></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0cm; "><font class="Apple-style-span" face="宋体" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; line-height: normal; "><b style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "><br style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "></b></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0cm; "><strong style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "><span style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: 宋体; ">□代表作</span><span lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "><op style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "></op></span></strong></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0cm; "><strong style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "><span lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "><span style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "> </span></span></strong><strong style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "><span style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: 宋体; ">广东省三年施政计划</span></strong></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0cm; "><br style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0cm; "><span lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "><span style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "> </span></span><span style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: 宋体; ">为了建设「模范之新广东」,陈济棠主政广东时期,对地方建设进行系统规划。他把缺乏「一定不变之计划」视为广东政治「病态」之首,其本人及各有关部门提出和实施了多个关于地方经济和社会发展的计划。其中,由陈济棠拟订,于</span><span lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; ">1933</span><span style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: 宋体; ">年正式实施的「三年计划」有</span><span lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; ">40</span><span style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: 宋体; ">多万字,是最有影响的总体规划,取得了一定的成绩,被认为是陈济棠推进广东经济和社会发展的里程碑。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0cm; "><br style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0cm; "><span lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "><span style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "> </span></span><span style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: 宋体; ">「三年汁划」包括乡村和城市、政治、经济、教育、交通建设等内容的经济和社会发展大纲,陈济棠为编制「三年计划」颇费心血,并广泛征求多方意见,甚至包括其以前政敌的意见,完成后竟然「大病一场」,连梁漱溟亦叹为「用尽心力」。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0cm; "><span lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "> <op style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "></op></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0cm; "><font class="Apple-style-span" face="宋体" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; line-height: normal; "><b style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "><br style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "></b></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0cm; "><strong style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "><span style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: 宋体; ">□成绩单</span><span lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "><op style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "></op></span></strong></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0cm; "><strong style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "><span style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: 宋体; ">市政 奠定现代化城市格局</span></strong></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0cm; "><br style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0cm; "><span lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "><span style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "> </span></span><span style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: 宋体; ">广州的城市面貌本来很旧,陈济棠大搞市政建设,在市区大修马路,建成惠爱路</span><span lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; ">(</span><span style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: 宋体; ">命中山五、六路</span><span lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; ">)</span><span style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: 宋体; ">、上下九路、西湖路、豪贤路、清平路等马路</span><span lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; ">30</span><span style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: 宋体; ">条;海珠新堤、市政府合署大楼、中山图书馆、中山纪念堂、爱群大厦先后建成;</span><span lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; ">1933</span><span style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: 宋体; ">年建成海珠大铁桥,贯通南北市区。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0cm; "><span lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "> <op style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "></op></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0cm; "><strong style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "><span style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: 宋体; ">商业</span><span lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "><span style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "> </span></span></strong><strong style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "><span style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: 宋体; ">规划中心商业区</span><span lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "><op style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "></op></span></strong></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0cm; "><span lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "><span style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "> </span></span><span style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: 宋体; ">把惠爱路、上下九路和西濠口商业区规划为广州的中心商业区,建成中山戏院、新华戏院、新华酒店、新亚酒店等。据描述,当时「广州的大街小巷布满商店」,平均约</span><span lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; ">50</span><span style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: 宋体; ">人就有一间。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0cm; "><span lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "> <op style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "></op></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0cm; "><strong style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "><span style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: 宋体; ">交通</span><span lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "><span style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "> </span></span></strong><strong style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "><span style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: 宋体; ">形成交通网络</span><span lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "><op style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "></op></span></strong></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0cm; "><span lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "><span style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "> </span></span><span style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: 宋体; ">陈济棠时代广东公路无论长度还是地理密度,都居全国第一;完成粤汉铁路建设;在广州珠江沿岸建码头数十座;建唆天河机场,<font color="green" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; line-height: normal; "><font size="3" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; line-height: normal; ">与广西合作成立西南航空公司,开创了岭南民用航空事业。</font></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0cm; "><span lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "> <op style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "></op></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0cm; "><strong style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "><span style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: 宋体; ">文化</span><span lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "><span style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "> </span></span></strong><strong style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "><span style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: 宋体; ">发展高等教育</span><span lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "><op style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "></op></span></strong></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0cm; "><span lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "><span style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "> </span></span><span style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: 宋体; ">陈济棠虽出身行伍,却很重视文化建设。除改善国立中山大学和私立岭南大学等</span><span lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; ">10</span><span style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: 宋体; ">所高等学校办学条件外,还创办了省立勷勷大学、省立国医学院、省立体育专科学校、广东陆军军医学校及省立农业、水产、美术、音乐等</span><span lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; ">4</span><span style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: 宋体; ">所专科学校。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0cm; "><span lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "> <op style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "></op></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0cm; "><strong style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "><span style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: 宋体; ">民生</span><span lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "><span style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "> </span></span></strong><strong style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "><span style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: 宋体; ">物价低康平稳</span><span lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "><op style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "></op></span></strong></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0cm; "><span lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "><span style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "> </span></span><span style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: 宋体; ">当时广东物价低廉平稳,有些年份还颇为宽裕。当时,广东普遍流通港币,港币一元可买花布</span><span lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; ">20</span><span style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: 宋体; ">码,一个仙可买一份早餐。一般工人月工资</span><span lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; ">20</span><span style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: 宋体; ">个大银,一月生活费用</span><span lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; ">2</span><span style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: 宋体; ">个银元。一位曾在广州读书的人十分怀念其读书生活,把它与</span><span lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; ">20</span><span style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: 宋体; ">世纪</span><span lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; ">90</span><span style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: 宋体; ">年代台湾的学生生活相比,认为二者「相差无几」。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0cm; "><span lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "> <op style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "></op></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0cm; "><strong style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "><span style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: 宋体; ">□兄弟们</span><span lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "><op style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "></op></span></strong></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0cm; "><font class="Apple-style-span" face="宋体" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; line-height: normal; "><b style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "><br style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "></b></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0cm; "><strong style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "><span style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: 宋体; ">军阀与地方建设</span></strong></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0cm; text-indent: 21.75pt; "><span style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: 宋体; ">海外历史学家谢里登在《剑桥中华民国史》中指出,军阀给成千上万的中国人带来了直接与间接的恐惧与盘剥,不过,这主要针对北洋时期的军阀,不能直接套用在南京时期的地方实力派上。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0cm; text-indent: 21.75pt; "><br style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0cm; text-indent: 21.75pt; "><span lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; ">1927</span><span style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: 宋体; ">年以后,南京政府开始了一个有别于北洋时期的时代,显示了一定的经济与社会发展的新气象。南京时期的地方实力派不同于北洋时期的军阀,他们当中的许多人早年参加孙中山领导的民主革命,统治手法也与北洋军阀有所不同。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0cm; "><br style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0cm; "><span lang="EN-US" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "><span style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; "> </span></span><span style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: 宋体; ">在地方建设上取得一定实绩的军阀如:阎锡山在山西实行「山西省政十年建设计划」,陈济棠在广东「治粤八年,确有建树」,刘湘在广西搞经济建设,马步芳在青海禁毒等等。所以,老山西人对阎锡山,老广东人对陈济棠,老广西人对李宗棠与白崇禧,都表现出一定的怀念之情。有军阀史研究者认为,其根本原因在于,<font size="3" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; line-height: normal; "><font color="red" style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; line-height: normal; ">中央集权制极易忽视地方利益</font></font>,因此但凡国家遇上有乱事,出现地方割据现象,只要地方领导人注重地方利益,就容易受到当地人的推崇。</span></p></div></div></div></div></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></span></div></span>
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