從閉口音說到普通話不宜朗讀舊詩詞
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: red"><FONT face="Times New Roman">-</FONT></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">出处</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman"><FONT color=navy>博客</FONT> </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <FONT size=3>作者</FONT></FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><FONT color=seagreen size=3><STRONG>黃志華</STRONG></FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><FONT color=#295200>修改于： 2007-04-02 10:41</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun"><SPAN lang=EN-US></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: SimSun; mso-hansi-font-family: SimSun">【</SPAN><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">转贴】</SPAN></B><SPAN style="COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">转贴声明：本帖观点</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: blue"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">不代表转贴者的观点。</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"></SPAN> </P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"></SPAN> </P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><STRONG><FONT color=purple size=5>從閉口音說到普通話不宜朗讀舊詩詞</FONT></STRONG><FONT color=#000000> </FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><A href="http://blog.chinaunix.net/u/14418/showart_268553.html">http://blog.chinaunix.net/u/14418/showart_268553.html</A> </SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"></SPAN> </P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><FONT color=#000000>在圖書館翻閱最新一期的《明報月刊》，讀到容若前輩說，葉嘉瑩教授在教古典詩詞的時候，如果要向學生朗誦這些詩詞作品，會選擇用粵語而不用普通話，原因當然是粵語更近一點古漢語，以之朗誦古詩詞，更能體會古詩詞在聲韻間的韻味與情思。</FONT></P>
<DIV><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB"></SPAN> </DIV>
<DIV><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB"></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB"><FONT size=3> <FONT color=black>容若前輩說出了以粵語朗誦古詩詞的兩個重要原因，一個是我也經常強調的──粵語保留了古漢語裡的入聲字，普通話是完全沒有入聲字的。另一個原因則是我忽略了的──粵語也保留了古漢語裡的合口音（又稱「閉口音」，古代似乎更通行這個說法），這些也是已從普通話裡消失掉的東西。</FONT></FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB"><FONT color=black></FONT></SPAN> </DIV>
<DIV><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB"></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB"><FONT size=3><FONT color=black> 「閉口音」即以ｍ綴尾而成字音的鼻音韻母，（按：粵語中的入聲裡也有「閉口音」，但在本篇裡不擬談及了）現今的粵語有三個這樣的韻母，分別是「<SPAN style="COLOR: blue">談</SPAN>」、「<SPAN style="COLOR: blue">琴</SPAN>」、「<SPAN style="COLOR: blue">嚴</SPAN>」（也就是古代《中原音韻》裡的「監咸」、「侵尋」、「廉纖」這三個韻部）。與「閉口音」相對而言的則有「開口音」，即以ｎ綴尾而成字音的鼻音韻母，即粵語裡</FONT>「<SPAN style="COLOR: red">壇</SPAN>」、「<SPAN style="COLOR: red">勤</SPAN>」、「<SPAN style="COLOR: red">言</SPAN>」。</FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB"></SPAN> </DIV>
<DIV><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB"></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB"><FONT size=3> <FONT color=black>「閉口音」是有它獨特的音韻色彩的，朗讀時的感覺是幽暗深沉（注意「幽暗深沉」這四個字在粵音裡就有三個是「閉口音」哩！）的，很多古典詩詞，都獨用「閉口音」來押韻，以粵語讀之，就別有韻味。</FONT></FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB"><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com<img src=" /><o:p><FONT color=black size=3> </FONT></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB"><FONT size=3><FONT color=black> 比方說白居易的一闋《憶江南》：<SPAN lang=EN-GB><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB"><o:p><FONT color=black size=3> </FONT></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=3><FONT color=black><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB"><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 2"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB">江南好<SPAN lang=EN-GB><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=3><FONT color=black><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB"><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 2"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB">風景舊曾<SPAN style="COLOR: blue">諳</SPAN>（按此字粵音宜讀如「啱」）<SPAN lang=EN-GB><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=3><FONT color=black><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB"><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 2"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB">日出江花紅勝火<SPAN lang=EN-GB><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=3><FONT color=black><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB"><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 2"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB">春來江水綠如<SPAN style="COLOR: blue">藍</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-GB><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=3><FONT color=black><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB"><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 2"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB">能不憶江<SPAN style="COLOR: blue">南</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-GB><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB"><o:p><FONT color=black size=3> </FONT></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB"><FONT size=3><FONT color=black> 又或楊萬里的短詩《又自贊》<SPAN lang=EN-GB><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB"><o:p><FONT color=black size=3> </FONT></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=3><FONT color=black><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB"><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 2"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB">清風索我<SPAN style="COLOR: blue">吟</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-GB><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=3><FONT color=black><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB"><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 2"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB">明月勸我<SPAN style="COLOR: blue">飲</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-GB><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=3><FONT color=black><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB"><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 2"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB">醉倒落花前<SPAN lang=EN-GB><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=3><FONT color=black><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB"><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 2"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB">天地為衾<SPAN style="COLOR: blue">枕</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-GB><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB"><o:p><FONT color=black size=3> </FONT></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB"><FONT size=3><FONT color=black> 大抵只有用粵語讀之，才能從看似豁達明亮的字面裡感受到詩人心底裡的幽暗的情感。<SPAN lang=EN-GB><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB"><o:p><FONT color=black size=3> </FONT></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB"><FONT size=3><FONT color=black> 古人對於開口韻與閉口韻是嚴格區分的，等閒不容通押，譬如元代王驥德《曲禁》四十條，其中一條就是禁開閉口韻同押！可是，也有學者注意到，其實早在南宋，閉口字音就開始從北方消失，並舉辛棄疾的一首《清平樂》（繞床饑鼠）為例，其下片云：<SPAN lang=EN-GB><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB"><o:p><FONT color=black size=3> </FONT></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB"><FONT size=3><FONT color=black> <SPAN lang=EN-GB><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 2"> </SPAN></SPAN>平生塞北江南，歸來華髮蒼顏。布被秋宵夢覺，眼前萬里江山。<SPAN lang=EN-GB><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB"><o:p><FONT color=black size=3> </FONT></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB"><FONT size=3><FONT color=black> 其中「南」是閉口音，「顏」、「山」為開口音。而這並非辛詞中的孤例，其他例子還有《定風波》（春到蓬壼特地晴）及《西江月》（一柱中峰擎遠碧）。辛棄疾是從北方投奔南方者，他的詞閉口與開口混押，正好說明閉口字音在當時北方消失的情況。亦可以說明，辛棄疾寫詞應是不用韻書的，而是以他自己慣說的語音來押韻的。<SPAN lang=EN-GB><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB"><o:p><FONT color=black size=3> </FONT></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB"><FONT size=3><FONT color=black> 其實近代的粵語韻文寫作，亦早已把閉口音與開口音混押，禁忌早就取消了！不過，閉口音並無在粵語中消失，所以古人獨用閉口韻寫的作品，粵人依然能從朗讀中切身體驗其韻致。<SPAN lang=EN-GB><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB"><o:p><FONT color=black size=3> </FONT></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB"><FONT size=3><FONT color=black> 由是覺得，粵人學寫舊詩詞，條件亦絕對比說普通話的北方人為優。正如我之前發現，其實現代普通話裡的陽平聲調，根本不是古代的那種平聲了，而更像是古代的上聲字。如此情況，用普通話朗讀古詩詞，怎會有好效果，更遑論學寫的問題了。<SPAN lang=EN-GB><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB"><o:p><FONT color=black size=3> </FONT></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB"><FONT size=3><FONT color=black> 最近我在學普通話時亦發現，有個別古音是平聲的字，現在的普通話裡竟是讀仄聲的，如「忘」和「場」這兩個字就是（所以，毛澤東詩：「飲茶粵海未能忘」和「曙光初照演兵場」裡的「忘」和「場」字切記讀陽平聲啊！）其實，更大的問題恐怕是古代的入聲字，在現代的普通話裡有頗大量是變成平聲字的！連平仄都顛倒了，那就更不妙了。<SPAN lang=EN-GB><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB"><o:p><FONT color=black size=3> </FONT></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB"><o:p><FONT size=3> </FONT></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB"><o:p><FONT size=3> </FONT></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB"><o:p><FONT size=3> </FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB"><FONT size=3>相關文章：<SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB"><FONT color=#800080 size=3><A href="http://blog.chinaunix.net/u/14418/showart_269434.html" target=_blank>再談閉口音</A></FONT></SPAN></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB"><FONT color=#800080 size=3><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB">.</SPAN></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB"><FONT color=#800080></FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-GB><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></SPAN> </P></o:p></SPAN></DIV></SPAN>
[ 本帖最後由 正正 於 2009-6-10 18:35 編輯 ]
頁:
[1]