正正 發表於 2009-4-4 20:55:34

汉语在退化,还是在发展?

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<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">出处</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">天汉网</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;</SPAN></FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">帖主</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">孫振波</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;</SPAN></FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">发表</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> 2009-3-26 06:19&nbsp;</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: SimSun; mso-hansi-font-family: SimSun">【</SPAN><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">转贴】【节选编缉】</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: blue"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></SPAN></B><SPAN style="COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">转贴声明:本帖观点</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: blue"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">不代表转贴者的观点。</SPAN></P>
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<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 24pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">汉语在退化,还是在发展?</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 24pt; COLOR: red"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></P>
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<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"></SPAN>&nbsp;</P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">汉语正在退化,有人说汉语正在发展;汉语要出现危机,有人说这是危言耸听。两种观点,孰是孰非?且看下面的分析。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">首先说人类语言的发展规律,是从以单音节词为基础的语音单载的初级阶段,到以多单音节词为基础的语音单载的第二阶段,再到以单音节词为基础的语音多载的第三阶段的。而不是</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">「</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">各种语言平行发展</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">」</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的。</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">其次,文字的发展是适应所对应的语言性质走着不同的路径的。语音单载的语言所对应的文字的发展过程是:图形表意文字</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">---</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">象形表意文字</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">---</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">符号表意文字</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">----</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">符号表音文字(即音节文字)</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">---</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">拼音字母文字</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">---</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">意、音双表文字;语音多载的语言所对应的文字的发展过程式:图形表意文字</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">---</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">象形表意文字</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">---</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">符号表意文字</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">----</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">意、音双表文字。而不是</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">「</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">表形文字</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">---</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">表意文字</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">---</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">表声文字</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">」</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的过程。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">与第二阶段的语言相对应的最佳文字,是线形拼音字母文字;与第三阶段的语言相对应的文字是方块形的意、音双表的文字。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR style="mso-special-character: line-break"><BR style="mso-special-character: line-break"></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">第一阶段的语言有如下主要基本特点:</SPAN></B><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR><FONT face="Times New Roman">1</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、语音的类型较少。这是由语言的元音、辅音、声调都相对较少的缘故导致的。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR><FONT face="Times New Roman">2</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、以单音词为主。由于词汇少,只用一个单音就可以表示一种事物了,所以,他们的语言单词是单音的或以单音词为主的。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR><FONT face="Times New Roman">3</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、语音是单载的。即</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">「</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">一音一意</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">」</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">「</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">意异音异</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">」</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的。对话时,可以不用对话环境物的参照,实现直接的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">「</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">听音知意</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">」</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR><FONT face="Times New Roman">4</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、词汇相对较少。因为单音词汇的扩展,主要是通过增加音型(由元音、辅音、声调、语气构成)来实现的。由于音型的增加,要经过很长时期的锻炼,单词的扩展就受到很大的局限了。这就隐藏着新词无限扩展与音型数量有限的矛盾。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR><FONT face="Times New Roman">5</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、自然语法。即按说话时吐词的自然顺序,把一句话中的各个单词的含义关联起来,来理解各词的词性、词义和这句话的意思。这种自然的语法,十分简单,人们不用学习,自然就会。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR><FONT face="Times New Roman">6</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、很容易学会。</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR></SPAN><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">第二阶段语言的特点如下:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: blue"><BR></SPAN></B><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">1</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、中级阶段语言扩词的思路是</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">「</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">单词增加</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">----</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">音节增加</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">」</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,冲破了原始单音节词语言的扩词规则,为新词的增加,开辟了一定的空间。这是原始语言发展成多音节语言的主要原因。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR><FONT face="Times New Roman">2</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、外加了繁多复杂的语法。多音节语言有繁多死板的语法规则,必须遵循死板的教条谴词造句。不经过专门的语法训练,难于学会应用</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR><FONT face="Times New Roman">3</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、比初级阶段的语言难学。因为比初级阶段的单词增加了音节和繁多的语法。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR><FONT face="Times New Roman">4</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、音型比原始语言增加不多,相对贫乏。因为在新事物出现后,用来表示这一事物的新词,只考虑在某个词根上增加音节来表示之,不考虑如何增加音型来表示之,所以,其音型得不到扩展,就仍会停留在第一阶段的数量上不变。所以,其辅音、元音、声调都较少。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR><FONT face="Times New Roman">5</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">「</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">多音节词语言</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">」</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">仍然按原始语言的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">「</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">音、意对应</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">」</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的扩词规则扩词的。只是将原来的单音节表示法,改为用不同的语音样式(音型、音调)的不同排列,来表示不同的词义的多音节表示法。所以,语音同语意的关系,仍然如原始语言一样,为</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">「</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">语音单载</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">」</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的关系。这种方法的好处是,不用对对话环境的参考物,直接通过音节的不同和排列顺序的不同,就能区别单词的不同含义了。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR><FONT face="Times New Roman">6</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、单词的音节数量是有极限的。这种局限性,加上音型的相对贫乏,就导致了多音节语言单词的相对贫乏。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR><FONT face="Times New Roman">7</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、多音节语言的每一个单词,都必须是社会的人们预先约定好的,否则就不能被他人理解。所以,任一时间的多音节单词是一个可以统计的有限数。人们在使用单词时,只能局限于从现有《字典》内选择。只能用现有单词,组建语句,不能构建</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">「</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">二级新词</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">」</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR><FONT face="Times New Roman">8</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、随着单词的增多,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">「</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">一词多意(不算延意)</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">」</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的现象不可避免,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">「</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">同音异意(不算延意)词</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">」</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">增多,导致原先的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">「</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">意、音对应</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">」</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的组词规则的破坏。使整个语言系统失去系统性和规律性。单词增加越多,破坏程度越大。所以,单词增加越多,难学程度也就越大。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR style="mso-special-character: line-break"><BR style="mso-special-character: line-break"></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">第三阶段的语言克服了一、二两个阶段的语言的缺点,继承和发展了它们的优点。</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 18pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">第三阶段的语言具有如下特性:</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 18pt; COLOR: blue"><BR></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">1</FONT></SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、增加单音新词的主要途径又四个:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">1-1</FONT></SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">增加同音异义词</SPAN></B><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">(在文字出现以后,必须文字的支持。因为文字在多音节语言向单音节语言的转变中起了很大的促进作用,从而造成了单音节语言每增加一个单音新词时,就必须创造一个与之对应的新字来支持。否则,就会造成一字多意(不算延意),违反了</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">「</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">文字不能多载</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">」</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的规律);</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">1-2</FONT></SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">增加声母和韵母</SPAN></B><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">;</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">1-3</FONT></SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">增加声调</SPAN></B><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">;</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">1-4</FONT></SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">增加意、意联合词</SPAN></B><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><FONT face="Times New Roman">2</FONT></B></SPAN><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、以单音节词为基础进行组词造句。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR><FONT face="Times New Roman">3</FONT></SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、语音与语意不是一一对应的。</SPAN></B><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">一种语音,可以对应无数种语意。单音词可以无限地扩展。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><FONT face="Times New Roman">4</FONT></B></SPAN><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、存在大量的</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <SPAN lang=EN-US>「</SPAN></FONT></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">同音异意词</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">」</FONT></SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">「</FONT></SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">一音多意词</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">」</FONT></SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR><FONT face="Times New Roman">5</FONT></SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、使用</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">「</FONT></SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">语音多载规律</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">」</FONT></SPAN></B><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,主要通过对话环境的参照物,经过思维判断区别单词的含意。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><FONT face="Times New Roman">6</FONT></B></SPAN><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、音素、声调比第一、第二阶段的语言的多,音型自然就多。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR><FONT face="Times New Roman">7</FONT></SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、语法简单</SPAN></B><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。因为单词相对语法来说,是独立的,不用任何组织方式,按说话吐词的自然顺序,把一句话中的各个单词的含义关联起来,来理解各词的词性、词义和句子的意思。这种<B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="COLOR: green">自然的语法,十分简单,人们不用学习,自然就会</SPAN></B>。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><FONT face="Times New Roman">8</FONT></B></SPAN><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、因为有第六条的特性,</SPAN></B><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">就决定了<B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">可</B>以用两个或两个以上单音词的词义关联,<B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">组成无限个新的二级单词。</B></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><FONT face="Times New Roman">9</FONT></B></SPAN><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></B><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">由于单词无限,<B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">语法简单,</B>所以变通<B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">叙述的方式极其灵活,</B>从而<B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">使语言具有准确严谨、丰富多彩的表达能力。</B>所以,语句丰富而又言简意赅,是第一、二阶段的语言无法比翼的;叙述同样内容的文件,比多音节语言篇幅短得多。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><FONT face="Times New Roman">10</FONT></B></SPAN><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、</SPAN></B><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">因为它彻底摆脱了第二阶段的扩词局限性和语音单载规则,又能组建无限的二级单词,<B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">语法又十分简单灵活</B>,所以整个语言的扩展空间是无限的。这样,语言就具有永久的稳定性。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><FONT face="Times New Roman">11</FONT></B></SPAN><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、十分易学。</SPAN></B><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">由于语法十分简单,同时单音又是比较少的,所以,只要学会了这有限的单音,就学会了日常口语。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR style="mso-special-character: line-break"><BR style="mso-special-character: line-break"></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">表面看来,似乎第三阶段语言回归到第一阶段上去了。其实,与第一阶段语言有着质的区别。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">我们将</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">「</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">语音多载的、以单音节词为基础</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">」</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的语言,跟</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">「</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">语音单载的、以多音节词为基础</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">」</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的语言对比来看,就会发现,前者比后者优越得多。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">「</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">语音多载的、以单音节词为基础</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">」</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的语言克服了第一、第二阶段语言的一切缺点,继承了它们的一切优点,出现了质的飞跃。所以说,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">「</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">语音多载的、以单音节词为基础</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">」</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的语言,是从第二阶段语言发展起来的高级语言。可以说,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">「</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">语音多载的、以单音节词为基础</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">」</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的语言的出现,标志着人类语言发展到了第三阶段。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR style="mso-special-character: line-break"><BR style="mso-special-character: line-break"></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">第三阶段的语言,还是要继续发展的,发展的方向是更简练更准确更易学。从发展空间来看,第一,不断增加音素和声调;第二,不断增加表事成语和单音词;第三,将已经存在的永久常用多音二级合成词用一个单音新词取代。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">世界上共有</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">6000</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">多种语言,有对应文字的只有三分之一,使用人数较多的只有</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">500</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">种,另有</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">1400</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">多种语言已经消失了,大约有</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">2500</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">种语言频临灭绝。世界上绝大多数的语言都处于初级阶段或第二阶段,只有少数的语言处于第三阶段。汉语属于第三阶段的典型语言,英、法、德、俄、西班牙、朝鲜、日本、越南、泰、缅等国家的语言,属于从第二阶段开始向第三阶段发展的语言。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR style="mso-special-character: line-break"><BR style="mso-special-character: line-break"></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">令人沮丧的是,汉语虽然是第三阶段的高级语言,但是,从近代以来,就出现了停滞、退化的趋势,并且,越来越严重。到今天,已经露出危险的苗头了。</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: red"><BR style="mso-special-character: line-break"><BR style="mso-special-character: line-break"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">但是,目前绝大多数的人们并没有认识到汉语在退化,因为他们以为语言的变化就像人们更换衣服一样明显,就像清朝下令剃头留辫那样强迫实行,才会被变质、退化、消灭;以为说汉语的人口极多,是没有任何外部力量能使汉语变质、退化、消失的。所以,他们一听到有人说汉语出现了危机时,就讥笑这是</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">「</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">耸人听闻</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">」</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的宣传。</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">(&nbsp;</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">待续</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">)</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">续文1</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">事实上,纵观已经灭绝的语言的消失过程,没有一种是被强令消灭的。全都是原创民族在利益的诱导下,自愿地逐渐地不知不觉地</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">「</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">自然而然</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">」</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">地放弃的。大凡一种语言文字的消失都是经过如下四个阶段的,即</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">「</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">停滞</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">」---「</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">退化</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">」---「</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">变质</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">」----「</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">消失</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">」</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR style="mso-special-character: line-break"><BR style="mso-special-character: line-break"></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">例如,中国现在一万个满族人中,还能找到几个会说满语会用满文的人?在满人入主中原之初,满人既有自己的语言也有自己的文字。可是,统治中国</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">260</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">多年以后,他们得到了土地,却失去了自己的文化,他们的语言和文字却被汉语汉字取代了。是汉人强迫他们的吗?不是。是他们的头领强迫的吗?也不是。是他们自愿地逐渐地不知不觉地</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">「</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">自然而然</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">」</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">地放弃本民族的语言和文字的。为什么会自愿地呢?因为汉族的文化比他们的文化先进,语言比他们的多音节语言先进。虽然汉字比满文难学得多,但是,经济利益的诱导,还是使他们自愿抛弃了满语满文而接受了汉语汉文。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR style="mso-special-character: line-break"><BR style="mso-special-character: line-break"></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">自从</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">1840</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年鸦片战争以来,西方人的政治、经济、文化逐步地流入中国来了。而这一次不同于从前的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">「</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">满人入关</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">」</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的情况了,因为西方人在的政治、经济、文化、军事等等主要方面,全都比中国的先进。这次不是他们向中国人学习,而是中国人必须向他们学习了。在这一学习过程中,中国人就开始自愿地逐渐地不知不觉地</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">「</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">自然而然</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">」</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">地放弃汉语汉字了。在语言文字理论方面,中国人全盘原样地接受了西方片面的、错误的语言文字理论,来指导汉语汉字的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">「</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">发展</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">」</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">因此犯了如下几项错误:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR></SPAN><U><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">首先承认汉语是比西方多音节语言落后的语言</SPAN></U><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,今天一些汉语字典上还是这样写着</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">「</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">文字有表形文字、表意文字、表声文字,这三种类型标志着文字发展的三个不同阶段</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">」</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">;<U>继而自己搞</U></SPAN><U><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">「</FONT></SPAN></U><U><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">汉字拉丁化</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">」</FONT></SPAN></U><U><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">运动</SPAN></U><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">;</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">「</FONT></SPAN><U><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">汉字拉丁化</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">」</FONT></SPAN></U><U><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">行不通,又搞</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">「</FONT></SPAN></U><U><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">楷<B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">字简</B>化</SPAN></U><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">」</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">;再<U>接着砍掉汉语中</U></SPAN><U><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">「</FONT></SPAN></U><U><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">尖音</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">」</FONT></SPAN></U><U><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">和很多音型</SPAN></U><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">;又<U>停止创新汉字来表示新事物</U>,只用现有的常用字组建多音词来表示新事物,还不如韩国和日本,都注意不断地创造新的汉字;又<U>合并同音异义字</U>,<U>提倡使用错别字</U>,学着西方搞缩写单词的办法,搞汉语多音单词的缩减词,使汉字变质成纯表音的音节文字;又对外来单词直接音译或直接写出人家的拼音字母。由于汉语必须汉字的支持,汉字如果僵化、变质,就会导致汉语退化;汉语如果退化,也会导致汉字变质、退化。所有这一切肢解汉语系统和搅乱汉字楷体系统的错误的做法,都促使汉字由表意性质的文字,蜕变成音节性质的文字,使</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 20pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">汉语向着第二阶段的多音节语言方向退化:</SPAN></B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 20pt"><BR></SPAN><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: red"><FONT face="Times New Roman">1</FONT></SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.减少汉语的声调</SPAN></B><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。现在的《新华字典》上只见到</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">「</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">阴平</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">」</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">「</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">阳平</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">」</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">「</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">上声</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">」</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">「</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">去声</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">」</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">「</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">轻声</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">」</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。从前的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">「</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">入声</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">」</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">不见了(在南方一部份汉语系民间口语中还保留着一些)。汉语原有的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">「</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">抑扬顿挫</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">」</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">特点,现在只剩</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">「</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">抑扬</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">」</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">了,同时增加了同音异义词。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="COLOR: red"><FONT face="Times New Roman">2</FONT></SPAN></B></SPAN><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.合并同音字</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。</SPAN></B><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">这违背了语言决定文字形式的规律,违反了文字不能多载的规律。从而造成很多一字多意字,容易引起误解。例如:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">「</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">斗</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">(dou</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">上声</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">)」</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">「</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">閗(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">dou</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">去声)、闘、鬥、鬬</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">」</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,合并用</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">「</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">斗</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">」</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">;</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">「</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">斤</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">」</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">「</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">觔</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">」</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">合并用</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">「</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">斤</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">」</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">;</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">「</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">粗</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">」</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">「</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">麤</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">」</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">合并用</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">「</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">粗</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">」</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">;等等。如果用文字写道:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">「</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">这个圆柱太粗</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">」</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。此话是指的圆柱的径围太粗呢,还是圆柱的表面不光滑呢?表达不清。为什么?因为把原来表示粗糙的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">「</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">粗</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">」</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">与表示径围的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">「</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">麤</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">」</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">合并为</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">「</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">粗</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">」</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">了。合并的原因,是读音相同,重视以音表义,蔑视以形表义,和省俭笔画的缘故。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">「</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">以音表义</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">」</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的做法,完全不适用汉语,因为汉语是</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">「</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">一音多义的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">」</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,存在大量</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">「</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">同音异义</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">」</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的单词。在对话时,会引起误解的,为了避免误解,说者就必须改变叙述语句来解释;在文字环境里,如果一字多义(多载),也很容易出现误解。所以,就只好用组建多音节单词的办法来避免误解。例如,把</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">「</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">粗</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">」</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">扩展为</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">「</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">粗糙</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">」</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">「</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">粗大</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">」</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="COLOR: red"><FONT face="Times New Roman">3</FONT></SPAN></B></SPAN><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.消减音素和音型</SPAN></B><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。这违反了汉语的发展规律,增多了同音异义字。例如把</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">zi</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman"> ci </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">si </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">三个尖音声母和韵母</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">iai </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">砍去,又把读音为</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">zhei</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman"> mei </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">gei</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的字合并到</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">zai</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman"> mai</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman"> ge</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">音里去,将原是</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">zi</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman"> ci </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">si</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">这三个尖音声母的字,合并到</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">j</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">q</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">x</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> 声母的字中去,造成</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">「</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">酒</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">」「</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">久</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">」</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">不分、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">「</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">清</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">」「</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">轻</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">」</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">不分、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">「</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">惜</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">」「</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">希</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">」</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">不分。再如:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">「</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">阶、节、</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">结</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">」</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,原来分别读为</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">「 jiai<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </SPAN>ziie<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </SPAN>jie 」</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的,现在都读为</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <SPAN lang=EN-US>「 jie 」</SPAN></FONT><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">了。从而大量地增加了同音异义词,增加了误解率,影响了汉语的准确性。为了减少误解,就必须用改变叙述语句或用组合双音词的办法弥补之。例如,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">「</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">禁入</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">」</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">与</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">「</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">进入</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">」</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,在有尖音时,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">「</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">禁</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">」</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">读为</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">jin,</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">「</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">进</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">」</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">读为</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">ziin </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。砍了</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">zi</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">音后,为了减少误解,为了区分两词的含义,只好说成</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">「</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">禁止入内</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">」</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">和</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">「</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">可以进入</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">」</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,由此增加了单词的音节,使原来言简意赅的汉语蜕变成啰嗦冗杂的汉语。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="COLOR: red"><FONT face="Times New Roman">4</FONT></SPAN></B></SPAN><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.不以字义组词</SPAN></B><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">「</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">意、意</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">」</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">汉语本来是用单音词,按照</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">「</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">意、意</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">」</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">联合的规则,组建</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">「</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">二级合成词</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">」</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的。例如:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">「</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">花</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">」</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">「</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">布</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">」</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">「</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">棉</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">」</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">「</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">麻</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">」</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">「</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">抹</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">」</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,这些单音词,各自具有单独的含义,根据各自的含义,又可联合构成二级单词</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">「</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">花布</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">」「</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">棉布</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">」「</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">麻布</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">」「</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">抹布</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">」</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。按这种</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">「</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">意、意联合</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">」</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的规则,可以构建无限的二级单词,并且这种二级单词,不需要事先在《字典》里注解,人们就可以</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">「</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">见字知意</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">」</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。这是落后的多音节语言所没有的。所以,多音节语言,不得不每年收集一次新造单词,在《词典》里专门注解。这就是所谓的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">「</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">语料</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">」</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">收集工作。而中国的汉语,语料是无限的,是任何时候也收集不全的。本来只进行新字收集就可以了,根本不需要进行</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">「</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">语料</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">」</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">收集的。可是,自从近代出现了违反</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">「</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">意、意</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">」</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">联合构词规则以后,出现了很多不能</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">「</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">见字知意</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">」</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">「</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">黑词</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">」</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,就不得学着多音节语言的国家的样子,每年收集</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">「</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">语料</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">」</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,出版《词典》或扩充《词典》了。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">但是,近代以来,由于一些人盲目把外国的语言的规则用到汉语上,打破汉语的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">「</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">意、意</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">」</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">联合构词的规则,把表意的汉字当成表音的音节字使用,造出了很多令人不解的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">「</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">黑话</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">」</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。例如:</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <SPAN lang=EN-US>「</SPAN></FONT><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的士</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">」「</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">克隆</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">」「</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">雷人</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">」「</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">粉丝</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">」「</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">雪吧</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">」</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">等等。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="COLOR: red"><FONT face="Times New Roman">5</FONT></SPAN></B></SPAN><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.没有大量创造新字</SPAN></B><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。汉语原来是以单音节词为主的语言,在新事物大量出现的时候,没有及时大量地创造新汉字来表示新事物,就不得不用现有的常用汉字组建合成词来表示之,再加上大量地引进直接音译的外语多音词,从而导致汉语的双音节词、三音节词、多音节词急剧增多。很多多音节词,也不是按汉语原来的组词原则(意、意)来组建的,而仅仅是为了避免混淆才增加音节的。目前,在汉语的文章中,多音节词已经占了大多数了。例如,中国人原先对各种布就用汉字表示的很清楚,綢、缎、锦、葛布、麻布、棉布;而近代直接音译外国布名,哔叽、的确凉、晴纶、涤纶。使汉字的原意完全消失了,成了一个单纯的表音字,使汉字退化成音节字。再例如:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">2008</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年一些重要报刊上,把</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">「</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">布客</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">」</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">「</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">雪吧</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">」</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">「</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">爬酷</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">」</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">「aH</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">粉丝</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">」</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">「VIC</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">服务</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">」</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">「Emo</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">族</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">」</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">「UTA</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">指数</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">」 </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">「RbAp」</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">「Ccstv「</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、。。。。。,当作汉语新词来使用。还有外来的医学名词、化学名词等等,更是把原来表意的汉字完全当成了纯表音的音节字使用了。这样一来,在阅读汉字文章时,就不能像从前那样,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">「</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">见字知意</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">」</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">了。所以,表面看来,常用汉字的数量被限制了,减少了,但是新单词并不停止增加,所以,使人们记忆单词的负担,成倍地增加了,文章的字数剧增了,经济成本增加了。这些错误的做法,也为把汉语蜕变成第二阶段的语言,实现汉字拉丁化作了准备。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR><FONT face="Times New Roman">6</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.由于汉语是语音多载的语言,(待续)</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 2"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">续2</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 19.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=center><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: red"><FONT face="Times New Roman">6</FONT></SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.提出</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: red"><FONT face="Times New Roman">「</FONT></SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">我写我口</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: red"><FONT face="Times New Roman">」</FONT></SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">使汉语文章不言简意赅</SPAN></B><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。由于汉语是语音多载的语言,但是,在对话时和文章中并没有出现误解的情况。为什么?因为在对话时有对话现场的实际环境作参考,所以不会引起误解。例如:在今天的大学生面前,说</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">「</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">考研</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">」</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,他们是不会误解成</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">「</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">烤眼</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">」</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的,一定会理解为</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">「</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">考研究生</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">」</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的意思。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">「</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">考研</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">」</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">是他们圈子里,对</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">「</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">考研究生</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">」</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">一语的缩语(黑话)。但是,在文章中,脱离了对话时的现实环境,并且还可能作为历史资料留给千年以后的人看,再把</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">「</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">考研究生</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">」</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">缩写成</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">「</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">考研</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">」</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,就违犯了</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">「</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">意、意联合</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">」</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的构词规则,就不能让人</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">「</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">见字知意</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">」</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">了。这说明</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 19.2pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">了</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman"> 「</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">文字语</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">」</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">和</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">「</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">口语</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">」</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">是有很大区别的。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR style="mso-special-character: line-break"><BR style="mso-special-character: line-break"></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 19.2pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">提倡</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">「</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">白话文</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">」</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的人们,提出</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">「</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">我写我口</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">」</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的口号,证明他们混淆了</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">「</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">文字语</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">」</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">和</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">「</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">口语</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">」</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">区别性。不但使汉语文章失去了言简意赅的本性,也造成大量的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">「</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">短命</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">」</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">词语和</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">「</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">短命</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">」</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">文章。这类文章,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">50</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年以后,就没人读懂了。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR style="mso-special-character: line-break"><BR style="mso-special-character: line-break"></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 19.2pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">我们的前人发现和合理运用了</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">「</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">语音多载</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">」</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">和</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">「</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">文字单载</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">」</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的规律及随机构建</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">「</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">意、意</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">」</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">联合双音词的方法,使汉语汉字得到了很好的发展。近代人无知地将这两个规律和随机构词的方法盲目地滥用,使汉语、汉字遭到摧残和变质、退化,这不能不说是</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">「</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">种下了龙种,却收获了跳蚤</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">」</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,不能不说是一种</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">「</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">悲哀</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">」</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR style="mso-special-character: line-break"><BR style="mso-special-character: line-break"></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 19.2pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">在此,</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">有人会说:不造新字,促使汉语退化。但是,十分难学的汉字已经达到</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">5</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">万多个,已经远远超过人们的记忆能力了,一般人经过</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">10</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年才仅能学会</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">2000</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">个,所以常用字仅仅就是</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">2000</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">个左右。再造新字,又增加人们的学习难度,必然要丢弃一些老字,这就形成一个矛盾,这一矛盾是不可解决的,只有少造或者不造新字,才可缓解一点这一矛盾。是的,在保持楷体系统不改变的情况下,这一矛盾是无法解决的。但是,只要把楷体改进成</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">「</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">意、音双表新体汉字</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">」</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">以后,人们只要学会了</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">425</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">个构字元件和构字规则,就能读写任何新体汉字了。这一矛盾就彻底解决了。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR style="mso-special-character: line-break"><BR style="mso-special-character: line-break"></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 19.2pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">因此,只要保守汉字楷体不变,汉语的退化就不可避免地发展下去。今天如果不尽快地制止,最后的结果,绝不会如推动汉字拉丁化的人们和保守汉字楷体不变的人们所期望的那样,汉语能保留不变。汉语越退化,汉字越僵化化,汉字的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">「</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">性价比</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">」</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">就越低。其必然的结果是汉语退化成远比英语</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">「</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">性价</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">」</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">低得多的语言,中国人会在经济利益的驱使下,如当年的满人一样逐渐地不知不觉地</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">「</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">自然而然</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">」</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">地放弃汉语,而使用英语了。汉语消失了,汉字失去了语言基础,就只能到语言历史博物馆中与早年进来的美洲</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">「</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">瑪雅文</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">」</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">做伴了。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">对于自然界的已经灭绝的物种,我们都感到十分的惋惜,因为没有办法使它们复生了。灭绝的物种为什么灭绝?因为它们不能适应新的环境的变化或在竞争的斗争中被无情地淘汰。世界上各民族之间的利益竞争,一般都同时伴随着语言的竞争。政治、经济、军事、技术、文化等方面的强势,必然使语言也变得强势。强势的语言,不一定处在人类语言发展进程的先进阶段上。但是,由于政治、经济、文化、技术力量的支撑,它可以战胜比它先进的语言,使先进的语言灭绝。欧洲人侵入美洲以后,很多土著民族,为了生活,都主动地逐渐地抛弃了自己的民族语言而使用拉丁语了,由此使自己的民族语言灭绝了。今天大约有</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">2500</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">种语言频临灭绝,也都是在经济利益的诱导下,由原创民族自己造成的,没有一个是因外族的强迫造成的。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR style="mso-special-character: line-break"><BR style="mso-special-character: line-break"></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 19.2pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">一个民族语言的形成,要经过几千年的创造、探索、磨练和普及统一,是很不容易的;而一个民族的语言被另一种语言取代而消失,是在人们的利益驱动下,不知不觉地在</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">60</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年左右的时间里就自然而然地实现了,是很容易的。一种语言,一旦被它的原创民族全体人员彻底抛弃后,要想恢复它,就如复生一个灭绝的物种一样困难了。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR style="mso-special-character: line-break"><BR style="mso-special-character: line-break"></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 19.2pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">世界进入大工业商品经济的时代以来,中国被卷入了世界经济大潮中来了。在现代经济全球网络化新形势下,强势的语言,可以创造无限的经济价值。所以,世界各国的语言文字,伴随着经济竞争的潮流,一起进入了语言文字大竞争的赛场。中国的汉语汉字,当然也不例外地面临着</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">「</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">优胜劣汰</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">」</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的前途。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">在近代,中国汉人虽然没有经历过与美洲土人一样的经历,但是,在西方强势语言文字的步步进逼之下,汉语汉字在近百年以来,同样逐渐走上了退化、变质、消亡的路途。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR style="mso-special-character: line-break"><BR style="mso-special-character: line-break"></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 19.2pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">所以,一些呼吁</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">「</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">保护母语</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">」「</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">保护汉字</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">」</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的人士,已经预感到汉语汉字的危机了。就像一个物种灭绝了以后,大多数的人们才认识到保护这个物种的意义一样,大多数的中国人,只有在汉语危机出现以后,危及到自己的切身利益时,才会后悔事先没有看到和采取预防措施。但是,真的到了那时,早已经晚了。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR style="mso-special-character: line-break"><BR style="mso-special-character: line-break"></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 19.2pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">要避免这种危机,今天首先必须创立中国的正确的权威的语言文字理论。其次,在正确的语言文理论指导下,彻底清除错误的语言文字理论,并立即纠正一切错误的做法。第三,尽快创建</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">「</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">意、音双表新体汉字体系</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">」</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">取代楷体汉字。这样,就使目前楷体汉字所凸现的一切缺点和问题全部消失,使汉语的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">「</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">性价比</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">」</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">升到最高,使汉语汉字立即以世界上最强势的姿态,焕然出现在世人面前。他将像灯塔一样,成为世界语言文字发展前进的目标。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR><BR><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">山东临沂</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp; &nbsp;</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">孙振坡</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR><FONT face="Times New Roman">2009</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">3</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">23<BR>Email: </FONT><A href="mailto:szp1945@sina.com"><SPAN style="COLOR: windowtext; TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: none"><FONT face="Times New Roman">szp1945@sina.com</FONT></SPAN></A><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <BR></FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">注意:对本文有不理解的问题,请看本文后面的附件:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">「</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">中国汉语汉字发展规律研究提纲</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">」</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">压缩件。本文后边不能附有压缩文件的,可到</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">「</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">中国语言文字网</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">」<BR></FONT><A href="http://www.china-language.gov.cn/" target=_blank><SPAN style="COLOR: windowtext; TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: none"><FONT face="Times New Roman">http://www.china-language.gov.cn/</FONT></SPAN></A><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">「</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">百家论坛</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">」---「</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">学术讨论</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">」</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">版块中找到。</SPAN></P>
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查看完整版本: 汉语在退化,还是在发展?