欧元十周岁：告别童稚
<a href="http://www.peking.diplo.de/Vertretung/peking/zh/03__Politik/EU__Praesidentschaft/Euro__Geburtstag/Euro__Geburtstag__Seite.html">http://www.peking.diplo.de/Vertretung/peking/zh/03__Politik/EU__Praesidentschaft/Euro__Geburtstag/Euro__Geburtstag__Seite.html</a><div><br></div><div><br></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: tahoma; font-size: 13px; "><h1 style="margin-top: 0.2em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 15px; padding-left: 0px; font-size: 24px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1.6em; color: rgb(77, 95, 115); "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal; "><h1 style="margin-top: 0.2em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 15px; padding-left: 0px; font-size: 24px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1.6em; color: rgb(77, 95, 115); ">欧元10周岁：告别童稚</h1><div class="firstsection" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-left: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; height: 1194px; clear: left; background-image: url(http://www.peking.diplo.de/images/bgs/border_dotted.gif); background-repeat: repeat-x; background-attachment: initial; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: 0px 100%; "><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; line-height: 1.7em; font-size: 15px; clear: none; "></p><dl class="photo" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 20px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; clear: left; display: inline; float: left; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; background-image: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial; background-color: rgb(228, 235, 243); width: 240px; background-position: initial initial; "><dt style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><img src="http://www.peking.diplo.de/__Zentrale_20Komponenten/____Bilder__neu/Wirtschaft/EURO__2,property=Inhaltsbild.jpg" alt="一欧元" title="一欧元 (colourbox.com)" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; display: block; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "></dt><dd class="zoom" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-size: 13px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); position: relative; "><a title="一欧元 (colourbox.com)" href="mailto:shadowbox" rel="shadowbox" target="_top" class="" style="margin-top: -12px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(29, 86, 135); float: right; display: block; width: 13px; height: 11px; background-repeat: no-repeat; text-indent: -4000px; z-index: 100; background-image: url(http://www.peking.diplo.de/images/icons/lens.gif); background-position: 0px 0px; ">放大图片</a></dd><dd class="description" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 2px; padding-right: 20px; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 5px; font-size: 13px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); ">一欧元</dd><dd class="copy" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 2px; padding-right: 20px; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 5px; font-size: 13px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); ">(© colourbox.com)</dd></dl><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; line-height: 1.7em; font-size: 15px; clear: none; "></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; line-height: 1.7em; font-size: 15px; clear: none; "><span style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "> </span><span style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "> 欧盟最重要和最艰难的工程之一在</span>2009<span style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">年新年之际迎来了它第一个重要的周年纪念：欧元十岁了。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; line-height: 1.7em; font-size: 15px; clear: none; "> 法国经济学家和金融政治家雅克·<span style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">吕夫在</span>1950<span style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">年提出的一个预言是这一切的开端：「欧洲一体化或者通过货币的统一得以实现，或者完全无法实现」。虽然关于建立欧洲货币联盟的初步想法和计划早在六、七十年代就已出现，但是付诸行动的压力最终却来自外部。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; line-height: 1.7em; font-size: 15px; clear: none; "><span style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "> 「越战造成的后果及战争资金问题使尼克松政府不仅解除了美元与黄金的挂钩，而且放弃了货币间的固定汇率制」，前联邦总理赫尔穆特</span>·<span style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">施密特回忆道。当时他担任的职务是联邦财政部长。</span>1972<span style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">年，当时的欧共体成员国中的</span>6<span style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">个组成了汇率联盟，后来增加到</span>9<span style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">个。它们承诺使其货币之间的波动就象洞中之蛇一样只能在有限的范围内活动。其共同结算单位被称为欧洲货币单位（</span>ECU<span style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">）。施密特接着说：「也许这是与各国货币平行的一个货币体系。真正着手并推进这件事的是雅克</span>·<span style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">德洛尔。」作为欧盟委员会主席，德洛尔为欧洲经济和货币联盟的成立奠定了基础。正是这个机构使</span>10<span style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">年前欧洲中央银行的成立和欧元的引入成为可能。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; line-height: 1.7em; font-size: 15px; clear: none; "><span style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "> 到目前为止，欧洲央行这样一个委员会性的机构的确使欧元安然度过了风风雨雨。</span>1999<span style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">年</span>1<span style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">月</span>4<span style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">日，欧元在其首个交易日上对美元的汇率约为</span>1.18<span style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">。其后，因为欧元不断贬值，政治家和经济学家们开始越来越感到紧张。</span>2000<span style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">年</span>10<span style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">月，欧元跌至历史最低点，</span>1<span style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">欧元的价格仅为</span>82<span style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">美分。不过现在看来，那只是欧元启动初期的困难，因为其后欧元便一路上扬。欧元当日比价的最高点出现在</span>2008<span style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">年</span>7<span style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">月</span>15<span style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">日。用</span>1<span style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">欧元几乎可以换到</span>1.60美元。但那些不向美元区出口产品或者不在那里度假的人们并不关心欧洲统一货币的对外价值。他们更看重的是手中货币的对内稳定</p><dl class="photo mod" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 20px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; clear: right; display: inline; float: right; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; background-image: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial; background-color: rgb(228, 235, 243); width: 240px; background-position: initial initial; "><dt style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><img src="http://www.peking.diplo.de/__Zentrale_20Komponenten/____Bilder__neu/Wirtschaft/EURO__3,property=Inhaltsbild.jpg" alt="欧元纸币" title="欧元纸币 (picture-alliance)" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; display: block; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "></dt><dd class="zoom" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-size: 13px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); position: relative; "><a title="欧元纸币 (picture-alliance)" href="mailto:shadowbox" rel="shadowbox" target="_top" class="" style="margin-top: -12px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(29, 86, 135); float: right; display: block; width: 13px; height: 11px; background-repeat: no-repeat; text-indent: -4000px; z-index: 100; background-image: url(http://www.peking.diplo.de/images/icons/lens.gif); background-position: 0px 0px; ">放大图片</a></dd><dd class="description" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 2px; padding-right: 20px; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 5px; font-size: 13px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); ">欧元纸币</dd><dd class="copy" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 2px; padding-right: 20px; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 5px; font-size: 13px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); ">(© picture-alliance)</dd></dl><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; line-height: 1.7em; font-size: 15px; clear: none; "></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; line-height: 1.7em; font-size: 15px; clear: none; "><span style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "> 在启动初期，许多人觉得欧元无异于「贵元」，特别是德国人。实际上，对货币大幅贬值或者高通膨的主观感觉虽然总是挥之不去，但统计数字显示的是另外一番情景。在最先使用欧元的</span>11<span style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">个国家和希腊，</span>1999<span style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">至</span>2007<span style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">年的年平均物价上涨率为</span>2.1%<span style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">，离欧洲央行定下的将通货膨胀率控制在略低于</span>2%<span style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">的目标几乎不差什么。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; line-height: 1.7em; font-size: 15px; clear: none; "><span style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "> 如今近</span>3.2<span style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">亿的欧洲人都信赖欧元。它是</span>15<span style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">个国家的官方支付手段。另有</span>6<span style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">个基本上是小国的国家不动声色地导入了欧元——这也是这个统一货币的成功象征。「要我看，想谈论一个真正算得上完成了一体化的欧盟最起码还得再等半个世纪，」德国前总理施密特说，「但是欧元成为世界货币则连</span>10<span style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">年都用不了。」</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; line-height: 1.7em; font-size: 15px; clear: none; "><span style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "> </span>1999<span style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">年，欧元首先只作为记账货币使用。从</span>2002<span style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">年</span>1<span style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">月</span>1<span style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">日起欧元才发给普通消费者。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; line-height: 1.7em; font-size: 15px; clear: none; "></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; line-height: 1.7em; font-size: 15px; clear: none; ">资料来源：德新社</p></div></span></h1></span></div>
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