三文魚 ~~蔡瀾(轉載)
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;" align="left"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">壹樂也<span lang="EN-US">:</span>外國壽司<span lang="EN-US">(</span>壹週刊<span lang="EN-US">892</span>期<span lang="EN-US">)<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;" align="left"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;" lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;" align="left"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: "DFKai-SB","serif";">飲食版的記者,打電話來問我:「日本政府想訂一個壽司店的標準,說什麼金槍魚才夠資格當<span lang="EN-US">TORO</span>和<span lang="EN-US">MAGURO</span>,你有甚麼意見?」<span lang="EN-US"></span><br></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;" align="left"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: "DFKai-SB","serif";"><br></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;" align="left"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: "DFKai-SB","serif";">「放屁。」我說:「日本人吃的金槍魚也不全是在日本海抓到的,真正的金槍魚<span lang="EN-US">HONMAGURO</span>已被他們捕殺至幾乎絕種,在日本本土吃到的,多數來自印度和西班牙,還談什麼標準金槍魚呢?」<span lang="EN-US"><br>
</span>但是,日本人一向對食物的要求甚高,沒有水準的他們不會用,也不敢亂來。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";" lang="EN-US"><br>
</span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: "DFKai-SB","serif"; color: red;" lang="EN-US"><br>
</span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: "DFKai-SB","serif"; color: red;">亂來的倒是外國人開的壽司店,大量供應三文魚刺身。正統的日本鋪子,絕對不會賣三文魚刺身,因為他們老早知道牠的蟲極多,只能用鹽醃製過後燒熟來吃。</span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: "DFKai-SB","serif";" lang="EN-US"><br>
</span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: "DFKai-SB","serif";"></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;" align="left"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: "DFKai-SB","serif";"><br></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;" align="left"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: "DFKai-SB","serif";">吃活魚,有個原則,那就是只吃深海的,而且要生長在溫帶或寒帶之中,靠近熱帶的魚都不能吃。和我們以為一活就可以拿來做刺身,完全相反。<span lang="EN-US"><br>
</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;" align="left"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: "DFKai-SB","serif";"><br></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;" align="left"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: "DFKai-SB","serif";">三文魚會游到淡水的河中產卵,是一大禁忌。當然,淡水如果不受污染的話,還能養出能生吃的魚來,但當今的河流,有哪一條是乾淨的呢?<span lang="EN-US"><br>
</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;" align="left"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: "DFKai-SB","serif";"><br></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;" align="left"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: "DFKai-SB","serif";">魚一有蟲,卵跟生細菌,一般的迴轉壽司店的三文魚卵也千萬別碰。要吃的話,應該到可靠的食肆,最好師傅是日本人,而且要有點上了年紀的,他們有傳統的訓練,加上不想晚節不保,選料才細心。<span lang="EN-US"><br>
</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;" align="left"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: "DFKai-SB","serif";"><br></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;" align="left"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: "DFKai-SB","serif";">也別以為反正是魚片嘛,切得長方形就行。天下沒有那麼容易的事,一刀一片,都要有長年的經驗,根據紋理和厚度,切出來的有天淵之別。一山比一山高,一直比較上去,到了北海道札幌的「壽司善」,才知道大師傅的切功是完美的,略有筋絡之處,還上幾刀斷之,不但花紋漂亮,更有入口即化的口感。<span lang="EN-US"><br>
</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;" align="left"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: "DFKai-SB","serif";"><br></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;" align="left"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: "DFKai-SB","serif";">那一家人的刺身,客人連醬油也不必點,師傅會用一塊岩鹽,刨了幾粒撒在魚上,每塊魚撒多少鹽,一點也不含糊,那塊岩鹽已被師傅刨成像一粒乒乓球那麼大小,而且是粉紅色的,因為岩鹽中含了鐵質之故。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";" lang="EN-US"><br>
</span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: "DFKai-SB","serif";" lang="EN-US"><br>
</span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: "DFKai-SB","serif";">反觀外國壽司店:第一,砧板不勤洗刷,一有刀紋,即藏細菌。第二,每種魚應用不同的刀,一把過的話,絕對切不出理想的厚薄。還有最重要,也是外國壽司店最忽視的,就是洗手間的衞生。大師傅也會用的呀,一幹活起來,就帶到食物上面了。所以下次你到壽司店,先去洗手間走一圈,看了皺眉頭的話,千萬不可吃那裡的東西。<span lang="EN-US"><br>
</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;" align="left"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: "DFKai-SB","serif";"><br></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;" align="left"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: "DFKai-SB","serif";">正統師傅,教徒弟時,第一件事就是聞水的味道。水一臭,再好的刀法和再新鮮的食材,都無用武之地。<span lang="EN-US"><br>
</span>我請過幾位日本大師來香港表演,他們一進廚房,聞到水味,就擺平了雙手:「如果水質不改善,我來了也是白費功夫的。」<span lang="EN-US"><br>
</span>「但是生魚是不洗的呀。」當地廚子說。<span lang="EN-US"><br>
</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;" align="left"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: "DFKai-SB","serif";"><br></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;" align="left"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: "DFKai-SB","serif";">「不洗。」他回答:「也要用濕布抹,那塊布濕了也要用濕布抹,那塊布濕了水,魚就走味了。」<span lang="EN-US"><br>
</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;" align="left"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: "DFKai-SB","serif";"><br></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;" align="left"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: "DFKai-SB","serif";">的確,水是最重要的,內地和香港的水,都氯氣甚重,有的經過生的水管,還發黃呢!處理淨水,並非難事,可以用個小濾水器,或者裝個大型的在總喉。當今在日本的店鋪,有的還裝備了分離子淨水器呢。<span lang="EN-US"><br>
</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;" align="left"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: "DFKai-SB","serif";"><br></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;" align="left"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: "DFKai-SB","serif";">別說迴轉壽司店很少注意到水,進高級的料理,像一位紐約大師來開的,沖了茶來,也有一股強烈的異味,但這不怪餐廳,是客人不懂得要求得來的結果。<span lang="EN-US"><br>
</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;" align="left"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: "DFKai-SB","serif";"><br></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;" align="left"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: "DFKai-SB","serif";">客人把刺身和飯團也搞不清楚,走入壽司店就叫壽司。其實最基本的,是分為完全是魚的「刺身<span lang="EN-US">SASHIMI</span>」,和帶飯團的「握<span lang="EN-US">NIGIRI</span>」,一般開口說聲壽司<span lang="EN-US">SUSHI</span>,是代表有飯團的。<span lang="EN-US"><br>
</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;" align="left"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: "DFKai-SB","serif";"><br></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;" align="left"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: "DFKai-SB","serif";">刺身靠刀法,飯團則靠米粒,米粒太多,為了求飽,屬於低級。米粒太少,不如吃刺身!恰到好處,是飯團最難控制的一關,每種魚都不同,並非用個機械人師傅就能握得出來的,有經驗的廚子,一個飯團中有多少粒米飯,每次握,都不會差錯。<span lang="EN-US"><br>
<br>
</span>說到米飯,是要在最基本處手。既然吃日本菜,就要用日本米,連在美國種的日本米也不行。別說泰國米了。日本米貴,但是一個客人能吃多少飯?節省成本,也不應該省這一方面的,但迴轉壽司店絕不考慮用日本米的。<span lang="EN-US"><br>
</span>加醋就是,但醋的分量多少,也是一大竅門。有些日本師傅握出來的特別好吃,那是他們又用白醋又用紅醋來混合出理想的味道,而且絕對吃不出酸來。<span lang="EN-US"><br>
</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;" align="left"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: "DFKai-SB","serif";"><br></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;" align="left"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: "DFKai-SB","serif";">在日本吃到的飯團就理想嗎?也說不定,除了一些老字號,新派壽司也開始賣起三文魚刺身來,原本鯛魚之外的魚頭,都不吃的,但也反而受了香港的影響,烤起油甘魚的頭了。再下去,由香港反輸入,來個冰水壽司,把飯團炸了一炸才握的,一點也不出奇。<span lang="EN-US"><br>
</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;" align="left"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: "DFKai-SB","serif";"><br></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;" align="left"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: "DFKai-SB","serif";">學做壽司,應從最基本的步驟開始,有了基礎,再去求變;我們的,基本功薄弱,已開始亂來,真是看得我心驚肉跳。<span style="color: red;" lang="EN-US"><br>
</span><span style="color: red;"></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;" align="left"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: "DFKai-SB","serif";"><span style="color: red;"><br></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;" align="left"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: "DFKai-SB","serif";"><span style="color: red;">最恐怖的是有一種日本人叫鰹魚<span lang="EN-US">KATSUO</span>,華人叫木魚的。香港的迴轉壽司店買到了就那麼切來當刺身,殊不知這種魚的腹部一定有蟲,我曾經看過,一開來,腹壁中長滿一粒粒的黃色小腫瘤,裡面包的全是幼蟲。</span>所以日本人食鰹魚時,一定用火把表面那一層燒得乾淨,才做刺身的。我們一亂來,後果不堪設想。<span lang="EN-US"><br>
</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;" align="left"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: "DFKai-SB","serif";"><br></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;" align="left"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: "DFKai-SB","serif";">這種蟲吃了,嚴重的話,蟲一直生存在人類的內臟中,病永醫不好。輕微的話,肚子疼痛不堪。僥幸的,過幾天就停止。運氣一壞,兩三天來一次,像粵語所說:問你怕未?<span lang="EN-US"><br>
</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;" align="left"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: "DFKai-SB","serif";"><br></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;" align="left"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: "DFKai-SB","serif";">以為活的魷魚都能生吃,就大錯特錯,多數是沒事,但有種叫魚易烏賊<span lang="EN-US">SURUMEIKA</span>的,所生之蟲,和鰹魚的一樣,非小心不可。<span lang="EN-US"><br>
</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;" align="left"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: "DFKai-SB","serif";"><br></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;" align="left"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: "DFKai-SB","serif";">學做日本菜,先要學他們的精神,那就是不斷追求完美,才變為己有。像他們的拉麵,從中國學去,當今已變成他們獨特的食物。我們並不比日本人弱,怎麼做不到<span lang="EN-US"><br>
<br>
</span>我們並不比日本人弱,怎麼做不到自創的壽司來?先從基本功開始吧,別求捷徑。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p> 睇完眞係唔多敢食刺身添<br>
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