广州话拉丁化的一个折衷方案——以jyutping为例
<br><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Simsun; font-size: medium; "><div style="word-wrap: break-word; background-image: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: left; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font: normal normal normal 16px/1.6em PMingLiU, Arial, sans-serif !important; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; background-position: initial initial; "><div style="word-wrap: break-word; line-height: normal; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="word-wrap: break-word; line-height: normal; font-size: large; "> 目前，反对广州话拉丁化的批评，主要集中在中文字的 同音多义性质 处。</span></div><div style="word-wrap: break-word; line-height: normal; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><br></span></div><div style="word-wrap: break-word; line-height: normal; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="word-wrap: break-word; line-height: normal; font-size: large; "> 而广州话的优势，正是在于其声韵母音调数量丰富，重音字远少于以普通话为代表的官话语群。</span></div><div style="word-wrap: break-word; line-height: normal; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><br></span></div><div style="word-wrap: break-word; line-height: normal; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="word-wrap: break-word; line-height: normal; font-size: large; "> 本方案尝试走一条折衷路线，将广州话大多数 没有重音 或 歧义较少、较易辨析歧义 的常用词组彻底拉丁化，有歧义的词组、文艺创作的词组、专有命名的词组 用特定标点符号分隔，并在旁标出其中文字。</span></div><div style="word-wrap: break-word; line-height: normal; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="word-wrap: break-word; line-height: normal; font-size: large; "><br style="word-wrap: break-word; line-height: normal; "></span></div><div style="word-wrap: break-word; line-height: normal; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="word-wrap: break-word; line-height: normal; font-size: large; "> 为确保该方案的可靠性，我使用了100%「懒音」的广州话口音，也就是使其重音率达到最高。</span></div><div style="word-wrap: break-word; line-height: normal; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><br></span></div><div style="word-wrap: break-word; line-height: normal; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"> 其实jyutping也不是最理想的方案，阿拉伯数字标调影响了排版的美观性，更容易让不认识jyutping的读者误认为数词。但考虑到其流通性最广，是故暂且采用jyutping来做示范例子。</span></div><div style="word-wrap: break-word; line-height: normal; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><br></span></div><div style="word-wrap: break-word; line-height: normal; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><br></span></div><div style="word-wrap: break-word; line-height: normal; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><br></span></div></div></span></div>[ 本帖最後由 使君子 於 2009-12-6 18:45 編輯 ]
步骤一：将最常用的词组彻底拉丁化
<div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><br></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">例子：</span></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><br></span><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">gong2zau1 / gong2zau7waa2 ——广州/广州话（7为高降调 下同）</span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><br></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">pun7yu4 ——番禺</span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><br></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">laam4hoi2 ——南海</span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><br></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">soen6dak1 ——顺德</span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><br></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">baak3jyut6 ——百越/百粤</span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><br></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">ling5laam4 ——岭南</span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><br></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">zyu1gong7 ——珠江</span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><br></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">saam7gok3zau1 ——三角洲</span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><br></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">doung7laam4aa3 ——东南亚</span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><br></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">zoung7man2 ——中文</span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><br></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">baak6waa2 ——白话</span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><br></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">man4zouk6 ——民族</span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><br></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">……如此等等。</span></div><div><br></div>[ 本帖最後由 使君子 於 2009-12-6 13:52 編輯 ]
步骤二：如何辨析同音异义词？
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; "><div style="word-wrap: break-word; line-height: normal; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><br></span></div><div style="word-wrap: break-word; line-height: normal; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><br></span></div><div style="word-wrap: break-word; line-height: normal; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large; ">gong2 zau1 ——广州？（使用频率最高的词） 港舟？（文艺用词） 解决办法：单字音连写<b><font class="Apple-style-span" color="#006400">gong2zau1=广州</font></b>，<b>横线连接单字音并在后加细括弧标注中文字</b>=<b><font class="Apple-style-span" color="#006400">gong2-zau1(港舟)</font></b>。</span></div><div style="word-wrap: break-word; line-height: normal; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="word-wrap: break-word; line-height: normal; font-size: large; "><br style="word-wrap: break-word; line-height: normal; "></span></div><div style="word-wrap: break-word; line-height: normal; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="word-wrap: break-word; line-height: normal; font-size: large; ">pun7yu4 ——番禺？（使用频率最高的词） 潘愚？（人名） 解决办法：同上。<b><font class="Apple-style-span" color="#006400">pun7yu4=番禺</font></b> 。<b><font class="Apple-style-span" color="#006400">pun7-yu4(潘愚)</font></b>，<b><font class="Apple-style-span" color="#000080">细括弧内亦可代入别的同音字</font></b>。</span></div><div style="word-wrap: break-word; line-height: normal; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="word-wrap: break-word; line-height: normal; font-size: large; "><br style="word-wrap: break-word; line-height: normal; "></span></div><div style="word-wrap: break-word; line-height: normal; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="word-wrap: break-word; line-height: normal; font-size: large; ">laam4hoi2 ——南海？（使用频率最高的词） 蓝海？（学术名词） 解决办法：laam4hoi2=南海 ， laam4-hoi2(蓝海)。</span></div><div style="word-wrap: break-word; line-height: normal; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="word-wrap: break-word; line-height: normal; font-size: large; "><br style="word-wrap: break-word; line-height: normal; "></span></div><div style="word-wrap: break-word; line-height: normal; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">laam4jyut6gok3 ——南越国？（使用频率最高的词） 蓝悦阁？（建筑名词） 解决办法：laam4jyut6gok3=南越国 ，laam4-jyut6-gok3(蓝悦阁)。</span></div><div style="word-wrap: break-word; line-height: normal; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="word-wrap: break-word; line-height: normal; font-size: large; "><br style="word-wrap: break-word; line-height: normal; "></span></div><div style="word-wrap: break-word; line-height: normal; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="word-wrap: break-word; line-height: normal; font-size: large; ">zoung7man4 ——中文？（使用频率最高的词） 钟文？（人名） 解决办法：zoung7man4=中文 ，zoung7-man4(钟文)。</span></div><div style="word-wrap: break-word; line-height: normal; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="word-wrap: break-word; line-height: normal; font-size: large; "><br style="word-wrap: break-word; line-height: normal; "></span></div><div style="word-wrap: break-word; line-height: normal; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><br></span></div><div style="word-wrap: break-word; line-height: normal; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><br></span></div><div style="word-wrap: break-word; line-height: normal; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">……如此类推</span></div><div style="word-wrap: break-word; line-height: normal; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><br></span></div><div style="word-wrap: break-word; line-height: normal; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><br></span></div><div style="word-wrap: break-word; line-height: normal; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><br></span></div><div style="word-wrap: break-word; line-height: normal; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="word-wrap: break-word; line-height: normal; font-size: large; "><br style="word-wrap: break-word; line-height: normal; "></span></div><div style="word-wrap: break-word; line-height: normal; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><br></span></div></span>应用：例文
<div><br></div><br><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">甲在电话里对乙讲：</span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><br></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">wai3 , lei5 hoeng2bin1syu3 aa3 ? o5 gaa7haa5hoeng2 laam4hoi2 sai7ciu4saan7 , sin7paai4 maai5dou2 bun2 <laam4-hoi2-zin3-soet6>(蓝海战术)， ci4di1 ze3go3lei5 tai2 laa1 ！</span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><br></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">喂，你响边恕啊？我家下响南海西樵山，先排买到本《蓝海战术》，迟D借过你睇啦！</span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><br></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><br></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">在广州话里，绝大多数字音，在未有事先向对方解释本字时，对方只会明确地理解为一种意思。如「ze3go3lei5」，只会被理解为「借过你」（借给你），不可能理解为「蔗个李」。</span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><br></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">若然，你出于文艺学术或别的表达需要，非得要表达为「蔗个李」不可的，你必须加横线连结，并在后面的细括弧里面标注中文字，写成 <b><font class="Apple-style-span" color="#006400">ze3-go3-lei5(蔗个李) </font></b>。</span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><br></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><br></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><br></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><br></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><br></span></div>步骤三：铅笔 / 完毕 同音词组 孰优孰劣？
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><br></span><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">以前看到会员发文指出，拉丁化无法解决 「铅笔」、「完毕」 的冲突。</span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><br></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">其实这是个伪问题。</span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><br></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">为什么这样讲？</span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><br></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">很简单，</span><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">广州话本身就没有「完毕」这种表达</span></b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">，而是在谓语后边加个「晒」或「完」。「播映完毕」是 外来语——普通话 的文法，广州话简洁得多，「播晒」/「播完」两字就搞掂。</span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><br></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">相比起来，很明显「铅笔」在广州话里的重要性要高于「完毕」。所以「铅笔」完全可以拉丁化为 yun4bat1 ，「完毕」写为 yun4-bat1(完毕)。</span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><br></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">对于 外来语——普通话 的词汇的处理方式，用细括弧标出中文字的方法来解决就ok。</span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><br></span></div><div><br></div>[ 本帖最後由 使君子 於 2009-12-6 23:00 編輯 ]
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