HKCantonese 發表於 2008-8-6 11:44:25

粵語區其他方言(例如台山話)有沒有拼音方案?

粵語區其他方言 (例如台山話) 有沒有拼音方案?

penkyamp 發表於 2008-8-6 11:49:09

<span class="tpc_title"><b style="color: black; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">台山</b><b style="color: black; background-color: rgb(160, 255, 255);">话</b>版周杰伦菊花台</span><br>

<br><span class="tpc_content"><a href="http://www.chinahistoryforum.com/index.php?showtopic=26473" target="_blank">http://www.chinahistoryforum.com/index.php?showtopic=26473</a><br><br>I
asked a Taishanese guy that i met through the net to translate my
favorite Jay Chou song into Taishanese and the following below is what
i got. I am planning to sing and record the song for fun in the near
future (probably some time this week) ^^<br><br>Do you guys think written Taishanese sound more like Guangzhou Cantonese or more Mandarin? --&gt; <a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gDE3YQr5gUs" target="_blank">http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gDE3YQr5gUs</a><br><br>The word Ngot , Ngin and so on.. are the original words used in Tang Chinese.<br><br><br>菊花台<br>Guk Fa Hoi<br><br>你的泪光 柔弱中带伤<br>Ni dik luoi gwong yiu Ngep zhong dai syang<br>惨白的月弯弯 勾住过往<br>Tam bak dik ngot wan wan ngau zi gwo wong<br>夜太漫长 凝结成了霜<br>Ye hai Man Chyang Ying Git Sing Liao Song<br>是谁在阁楼上冰冷地绝望<br>Si siu doi lau gok syang bing lan di dut mong<br><br>雨轻轻弹朱红色的窗<br>Yi hing hing han ji hong sik dik chyang<br>我一生在纸上 被风吹乱<br>Ngoi yit sang doi ji syang yi fung chui laun<br>梦在远方 化成一缕香<br>Mun doi yuan fong fa sing yit lau hyang<br>随风飘散 你的模样<br>Chui fung piao fan ni dik mui yeng<br><br>菊花残满地伤<br>Guk fa tan moun di syang<br>你的笑容已泛黄<br>Ni dik sliu yung yi fan wong<br>花落人断肠 我心事静静躺<br>Fa lok ngin on chyang ngoi slim slu sling sling hong<br>北风乱夜未央<br>Bak Fung laun yen mi yeng<br>你的影子剪不断<br>ni dik ying du den but on<br>徒留我孤单在湖面成双<br>Bu liu ngoi ngu an doi wu mien sing song<br><br>花已向晚飘落了灿烂<br>Fa yi hyang man hiao lok liao chun lan<br>凋谢的世道上 命运不堪<br>iao Deh dik sai on Syang meng mun but ham<br>愁莫渡江 秋心拆两半<br>Siu mok u gong tiu slim chat liang bon<br>怕你上不了岸 一辈子摇晃<br>Pa ni syang but liao on yit boi du yiao fong<br><br>谁的江山 马蹄声狂乱<br>sui dik gong san ma hai syang gong laun<br>我一身的戎装 呼啸沧桑<br>Ngoi yit sin dik yung chong fu siew tong song<br>天微微亮你轻声的叹<br>Hen mi mi liang ni hing sing dik han<br>一夜惆怅如此委婉<br>Yit ye chow chyang wui zi wi on<br><br>菊花残满地伤<br>Guk fa tan moun di syang<br>你的笑容已泛黄<br>Ni dik sliu yung yi fan wong<br>花落人断肠 我心事静静躺<br>Fa lok ngin on chyang ngoi slim slu slin slin hong<br>北风乱夜未央<br>Bak Fung laun yen mi yeng<br>你的影子剪不断<br>ni dik yen du den but on<br>徒留我孤单在湖面成双<br>Bu liu ngoi ngu an doi wu mien sing song<br><br><br>The
only thing about Taishanese is that some of the initial "h" should be
"t" and the "sl" should be "s". Most variants of Taishanese don't
pronounce the initial "d" like 的[ ik instead of dik] , 地[ i instead of
di ], 单[ an instead of dan ] and 渡[ u instead of du ].. but there are
some who do.<br><br>Middle Chinese dictionary (by William H. Baxter). <a href="http://www-personal.umich.edu/%7Ewbaxter/etymdict.html" target="_blank">http://www-personal.umich.edu/~wbaxter/etymdict.html</a><br>It
mentions that Moon = Ngwot, Day = Nyit and Person = Nyin,... Many
chinese dialects like Shanghainese, Jiangxi Gan and
Hakka, use the word Nyin<br><br>In the previous post you wrote:
"The word Ngot , Ngin and so on.. are the original words
used in Tang Chinese", so "Person" is Nyin in MC not close to Ngin in
TSnese, only TSnese of Moon=Ngoot is closed to that of Ngwot in MC!<br><br>For curiosity purpose, I aske my VNmese friend to pronunce Moon and Person in Sino-VNmese, and here it is:<br><br>Mid-Chinese: Person = Nyit; Moon= Ngwot<br>VNmese: Person = Nhan or Nyan; Moon = Nguyet<br>TSnese: Person = Ngin; Moon = Ngwok<br>CTnese: Person = Yan; Moon: Yuyet<br>Mandarin: Person = Ren; Moon = Yue<br><br>Conclusion: VNmese is closest to Middle Chinese!<br>Haha
what a coincident findings from just the pronunciation of 2 words. SO
first, I think all these dialects are from Middle Chinese, and second,
it's impossible/inconclusive to say which one is closest to MC based on
pronunciation alone.<br><br><a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hWnFBfq3_HI" target="_blank">http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hWnFBfq3_HI</a><br>菊花台-惡搞<br></span>

penkyamp 發表於 2008-8-6 11:50:20

台山话审音材料--「窜」、「穿」及其它<p>&nbsp;「窜」有两个读音:一个读「措短切」,一个为「初短切」 (受广州话影响读音)。<br>&nbsp; 「蹿」」的读音正音为「粗安切」,常用成语「上蹿下跳」,而且符合普通话和<br>台山话语的语音对应规律,因此把同偏旁的「撺,镩」也正音为「粗安切」。</p><p>撺&nbsp;&nbsp; ton'&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 蹿&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; cuān&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 撺弄(怂恿).他撺儿了(他发怒了). 2230<br>爨&nbsp;&nbsp; ton'&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 草汉切 cuàn&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &lt;书&gt;烧火做饭:分爨(分家过日子). 6473<br>镩&nbsp;&nbsp; ton'&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 蹿&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; cuān&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 冰镩(一种铁制的凿冰工具).&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 7194<br>蹿&nbsp;&nbsp; ton'&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 粗安切 cuān&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 向上跳:猫蹿到房上|上蹿下跳.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 8535<br>窜1&nbsp; con-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 初短切 cuàn&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 逃窜.流窜|东奔西窜|抱头鼠窜.&nbsp;&nbsp; 7559&nbsp;&nbsp; <br>窜2&nbsp; ton-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 措短切 cuàn&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 台山话又读音,义同"窜1".&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 7560&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </p><p><br>&nbsp;「春」字的读音和「川」字的读音在普通话和广州话都不相同,但是在台城话两者读音混同,因此采用同样的拼音,但是在台山有些城镇两者还是有区别的,因此还是分别用「春」「和「川」来注音。</p><p>春&nbsp;&nbsp; cun'&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 初温切 chūn&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 春天.春季|春暖花开|满面春风.&nbsp;&nbsp; 5749<br>椿&nbsp;&nbsp; cun'&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 春&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; chūn&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 椿树.香椿|椿萱并茂(指父母健在) 5437<br>蝽&nbsp;&nbsp; cun'&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 春&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; chūn&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 蝽象(昆虫,有多种,多数是害虫).&nbsp; 7905</p><p>串1&nbsp; cun'&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 川&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; chuàn&nbsp; 串起来.串联|串亲访友.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 225<br>川&nbsp;&nbsp; cun'&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 穿&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; chuān&nbsp; 川剧(川:四川)|川流不息.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 251<br>氚&nbsp;&nbsp; cun'&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 川&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; chuān&nbsp; 氢的同位素之一,符号T,质量数3.&nbsp; 5999<br>钏&nbsp;&nbsp; cun'&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 川&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; chuàn&nbsp; 镯子:玉钏.金钏.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 6959<br>穿&nbsp;&nbsp; cun'&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 川&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; chuān&nbsp; 穿上.穿戴.穿插|水滴石穿.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 7549<br>攒2&nbsp; cun'&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 川&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; cuán&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 攒集.攒聚|攒三聚四|万头攒动.&nbsp;&nbsp; 2247</p><p>&nbsp;&nbsp; 「攒」在普通话、广州话和台山话都有两个读音,意义也不同:</p><p>攒1&nbsp; dan-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 祖坦切 zǎn&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 积蓄:积攒.攒粪.攒钱(积蓄钱).&nbsp;&nbsp; 2246&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <br>攒2&nbsp; cun'&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 川&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; cuán&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 攒集.攒聚|攒三聚四|万头攒动.&nbsp;&nbsp; 2247&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </p><p><br>&nbsp;&nbsp; 「串」属于两个词类,一个是动词,一个是名词。作为名词,普通话有儿化音,在<br>台山话则读书低降变调:</p>串1&nbsp; cun'&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 川&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; chuàn&nbsp; 串起来.串联|串亲访友.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 225&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <br>串2&nbsp; cun&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 初允切 chuàn&nbsp; &lt;台&gt;一串.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 226 <br><br><p>台山话审音材料—僭谮潜簪</p><p>台山方音字典重印<br>僭&nbsp;&nbsp; diem`&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 子念切 jiàn&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 超越本分:僭越.僭号(冒用帝号).&nbsp;&nbsp; 922<br>谮&nbsp;&nbsp; dam`&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 祖淡切 zèn&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &lt;书&gt;诬陷;中伤:谮言.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 1374<br>潜&nbsp;&nbsp; tiem*&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 草甜切 qián&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 潜水.潜逃.潜在|潜移默化.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 4139<br>簪&nbsp;&nbsp; dam'&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 祖担切 zān&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 簪子.扁簪.玉簪.簪花.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 8107</p><p><br>台山方音字典第一次印刷</p><p>僭&nbsp;&nbsp; diem'&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 尖&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; jiàn&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 超越本分:僭越.僭号(冒用帝号).&nbsp;&nbsp; 922<br>谮&nbsp;&nbsp; dam`&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 祖淡切 zèn&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &lt;书&gt;诬陷;中伤:谮言.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 1374<br>潜&nbsp;&nbsp; tiem*&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 草甜切 qián&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 潜水.潜逃.潜在|潜移默化.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 4139<br>簪&nbsp;&nbsp; dam'&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 祖担切 zān&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 簪子.扁簪.玉簪.簪花.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 8107</p><p>广州话正音字典</p><p>僭&nbsp;&nbsp; tsim3&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 堑&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; jiàn&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 超越本分:僭越.僭号(冒用帝号).&nbsp; 0910<br>谮&nbsp;&nbsp; dzam3&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 浸&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; zèn&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &lt;书&gt;诬陷;中伤:谮言.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 0416<br>潜&nbsp;&nbsp; tsim4&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 草甜切 qián&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 潜水.潜逃.潜在|潜移默化.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 1626<br>簪&nbsp;&nbsp; dzaam1&nbsp;&nbsp; 祖担切 zān&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 簪子.扁簪.玉簪.簪花.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 7931</p><br>开平方音字典<br>僭&nbsp;&nbsp; dim`&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 渐&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; jiàn&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 超越本分:僭越.僭号(冒用帝号).&nbsp;&nbsp; 905<br>谮&nbsp;&nbsp; dam'&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 祖担切 zèn&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &lt;书&gt;诬陷;中伤:谮言.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 1357<br>潜&nbsp;&nbsp; tim*&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 草甜切 qián&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 潜水.潜逃.潜在|潜移默化.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 4139<br>簪&nbsp;&nbsp; dam'&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 祖担切 zān&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 簪子.扁簪.玉簪.簪花.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 8037<br>&nbsp;<br>

penkyamp 發表於 2008-8-6 11:53:31

<div class="archiver_postbody"><h2>台山方言专题讨论</h2>台山(台城)话的语音基本特点<br>
-----与开平(赤坎)话比较<br>
邓钧<br>
 &nbsp;&nbsp; 台山(台城)话和开平(赤坎)话同属粤语四邑系次方言。两者大同小异,有许多共同点,两地的人是通话的。不同的读音之间也是有语音对应规律的。   <br>
    以台城话为代表的台山话和以赤坎话为代表的开平话,用通俗的话来说,具有下列两个共同的特点:<br>
  1)「端」「安」同音。用汉语语言学的术语来说,就是「端」母变成零声母。<br>
  2)「胜」和「姓」不同音。用语文教师熟悉的术语来说,就是现代汉语普通话的翘舌音字和平舌音的字,在开平方言中严格对立。 <br>
  第一个特点在目前我已经知道的方言和次方言的特点来说,是独一无二的。<br>
  第二个特点是和古汉语以及现代普通话共同的特点。<br>
  上述两个特点与广州话不同。<br>
&nbsp; &nbsp;下面详述两者的语音对应规律。 <br>
         <br>
   台山(台城)话和开平(赤坎)话语音对应规律  <br>
   <br>
        一、声母对应规律<br>
<br>
   1、和开平赤坎话一样,端母字为零声母,透母字为h。<br>
     例如:大 ai32 台hoi11 <br>
   2、帮母字和滂母字分别为双唇爆破音p,p',而开平赤坎话帮母 <br>
     字白读为v,文读为p;滂母字白读为h,文读为p'. <br>
     例如:台山(台城)话&nbsp; &nbsp;帮 pong33&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;炮p'au33 <br>
&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;开平(赤坎)话&nbsp; &nbsp;帮 vong33(文读pong33) 炮hau33(文读p'au33) <br>
   3、普通话p'母字,赤坎话声母为h,台山话一律为p'(包括开平的三埠)。<br>
&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;例如:台山(台城)话&nbsp;&nbsp;平 p'en11<br>
&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 开平(赤坎)话&nbsp;&nbsp;平 hen11<br>
&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 开平(三埠)话&nbsp;&nbsp;平 p'en11<br>
   4、其余声母和开平话相同。<br>
<br>
        二、韵母对应规律  <br>
       <br>
   1、i,e,ie排列上不同:<br>
     开平话in母字在台山话有in,en,un之分<br>
<br>
     1)开平(赤坎)话in母字在台山(台城)话仍然为in<br>
      tsin  真镇珍甄振<br>
      sin  身神慎<br>
      jin  因印引殷姻寅尹<br>
     2)开平(赤坎)话in母字,在广州话为撮口呼者,在台山话<br>
      为un:<br>
      t'in--t'un 全泉痊诠荃醛铨筌&nbsp; &nbsp;("全"与开平赤坎话"存"同音)<br>
      kin--kun &nbsp;&nbsp;捐卷鹃娟倦眷绢狷涓 ("捐"与开平赤坎话"军"同音) <br>
      k'in--k'un 权拳&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;("权"与开平赤坎话"裙"同音)<br>
      hin--hun 劝犬献     &nbsp;&nbsp;  ("劝"与开平赤坎话"吞"同音)<br>
      lin--lun 联        &nbsp; &nbsp;("联"与开平赤坎话"轮"同音)<br>
      lhin--lhun 选宣轩喧绚萱渲旋 &nbsp;&nbsp;("选"与开平赤坎话"笋"同音)<br>
      ngin--ngun 愿原源元沅阮朊鼋言砚彦谚软<br>
                   &nbsp;&nbsp; ("愿"与开平赤坎话"润"同音)<br>
     3)开平话in母字在台山话大部分为en<br>
      pin--pen &nbsp;&nbsp;变便(~利)边鞭贬扁(~平)辩辫匾汴卞汴蝙<br>
      p'in--p'en 片篇偏骗翩便(~宜)扁(~舟)<br>
      min--men  面棉免眠绵冕勉娩缅沔腼 <br>
                    ("面"与开平话"命"同音)<br>
      tin--ten  笺荐贱溅鞯剪践 <br>
                    ("荐"与开平赤坎话"进"同音)<br>
      t'in--t'en 前千钱迁迁仟<br>
                    ("前"与开平赤坎话"情"同音)<br>
      nin--nen  年        ("年"与开平赤坎话"宁"同音)<br>
      lin--len  连莲练链琏裢    ("连"与开平赤坎话"鳞"同音)    <br>
      kin--ken  健键建见件坚   ("健"与开平赤坎话"竞"同音)<br>
      k'in--k'en 乾(-坤)    &nbsp;&nbsp; ("乾"与开平赤坎话"勤"同音)<br>
      ngin--ngen 研妍       ("研"与开平赤坎话"人"同音)<br>
      lhin--lhen 线先鲜仙藓鲜   ("线"与开平赤坎话"新"同音)<br>
      hin--hen  宪显       ("宪"与开平赤坎话"庆"同音)<br>
    4)开平话en母字在台山话有in,en之分.<br>
      lhen--lhen 星性       ("星"与赤坎话"星"同音)<br>
      lhen--lhin 信        ("信"与赤坎话"先"同音)<br>
      ken--ken  经京       ("经"与赤坎话"经"同音)<br>
      ken--kin  根跟近(文读)   ("根"与赤坎话"见"同音)<br>
      k'en--k'en 倾鲸       ("倾"与赤坎话"倾"同音)<br>
      k'en--k'in 勤芹近(白读)   ("勤"与赤坎话"权"同音)<br>
      hen--hen  轻庆卿兄     ("轻"与赤坎话"轻"同音)<br>
     <br>
      ts'en--ts'en程称(~呼)<br>
      ts'en--ts'in陈称(对~)趁<br>
   2、开平话u母字在台山话有u, uo之分.<br>
      hu--hu  图途徒土      ("图"与与赤坎话"图"同音)        <br>
      hu--huo 鸵驼妥       (台山话"鸵"的韵母为uo)<br>
   3、开平话au母字,在台城话有au,eu之分:<br>
     普通话拼音为ao者(例如"拗")台城话为au <br>
     (原籍四九镇,三合镇,三八镇者相同).<br>
         开平赤坎话   台城话<br>
     拗   au       au  <br>
     包饱  vau      pau <br>
     效校  hau      hau <br>
<br>
     普通话拼音为ou者(例如"呕")台城话为eu<br>
     (原籍四九镇者为ei,与恩城话相同)<br>
<br>
         普通话  开平(赤坎)话 台城话  四九话<br>
     欧   ou    au  &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; eu    ei<br>
     牛   niu(niou) ngau  &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ngeu   ngei<br>
     狗   kou    kau  &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;keu   kei<br>
      <br>
     (原籍三合镇,三八镇,水步镇者为au,与开平话相同).<br>
   <br>
         普通话  开平(赤坎)三合  三八 &nbsp;&nbsp;水步<br>
     欧   ou    au    au  &nbsp;&nbsp;au   au<br>
     牛   niu(niou)&nbsp;&nbsp;ngau   ngau &nbsp;&nbsp;ngau &nbsp;&nbsp;ngau<br>
     狗   kou    kau   kau  kau   kau<br>
<br>
        三、声调对应规律<br>
<br>
   1、基本声调相同。<br>
<br>
     阴平(=阴去) 阳平  阴上  阳上  阳去<br>
      ji33    &nbsp; &nbsp;ji11 &nbsp; &nbsp;ji55 &nbsp;&nbsp;ji21 &nbsp;&nbsp;ji32<br>
     衣(=意)  移  &nbsp;&nbsp;椅   以   易<br>
<br>
   2、舒声升变调相同(韵母不一定相同)<br>
<br>
&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 基本调&nbsp;&nbsp;升变调&nbsp; &nbsp;举&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;例 <br>
    意 ji33 -&gt;ji35&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;意见ji33 ken33&nbsp;&nbsp;阿意 a33 ji35<br>
    愉 ji11 -&gt;ji15&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;愉快ji11 fai33&nbsp; &nbsp; 阿愉 a33 ji15<br>
    羽 ji21 -&gt;ji215&nbsp; &nbsp;羽毛ji21 mau33&nbsp;&nbsp;阿羽 a33 ji215<br>
    裕 ji32 -&gt;ji325&nbsp; &nbsp;富裕fu33 ji32&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;阿裕 a33 ji325<br>
  <br>
   3、入声升变调不同:<br>
<br>
    「白鸽」台山话为pak32 ap215<br>
&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(「鸽」的发音是其元音发生升变调)<br>
<br>
     开平话为vak32 ap21 e55&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br>
&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(「鸽」的发音是其元音保持原调,后面加一个e55)<br>
<br>
说明:<br>
1)lh 是舌边清擦音的代用音标,正式音标是 l 中间有一个c(合体字)。<br>
2)ng&nbsp;&nbsp;是舌后鼻音的代用音标,正式音标是字母 n 末笔延长,好象j的末笔(合体字)。<br>
<br>
[补充]<br>
 赤坎话韵母为ep的字在台山话为ip,例如「急忙」的「急」,「年级」的<br>
「级」,哭泣「泣」,分别为kip,k'ip,hip.<br>
 但是台山(台城)话也有韵母ep:<br>
<br>
&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 韵母 ep<br>
&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(与声母l,lh,k,h,s配合)<br>
<br>
垃&nbsp; &nbsp;lep32&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;拉阖切 lā&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;垃圾(脏土或扔掉的破烂东西).&nbsp; &nbsp; 1754<br>
笠}&nbsp;&nbsp;lep55&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;拉瞌1切lì&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&lt;台&gt;笠}衫(汗衫).&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;8017<br>
圾&nbsp; &nbsp;lhep55&nbsp; &nbsp; 嫂涩切 jī&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;垃圾(脏土或扔掉的破烂东西).&nbsp; &nbsp; 1700<br>
蛤1&nbsp;&nbsp;kep55&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;高圾切 gé&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;蛤蜊.文蛤.蛤蚧.&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 7856<br>
瞌1&nbsp;&nbsp;hep55&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;磕1&nbsp; &nbsp; kē&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;瞌睡.打瞌睡.瞌睡虫.&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;6837<br>
涩1&nbsp;&nbsp;sep55&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;沙圾切 sè&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;不光滑:轮轴发涩.&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;3957<br>
<br>
<br>
&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 以上6个属于口语字词比较固定.<br>
<br>
阖&nbsp; &nbsp;hap32&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;合&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;hé&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;阖家(全家).阖户(闭户).&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;3733<br>
&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;由于与「合」相通,读音同「合」。<br>
嗑1&nbsp;&nbsp;hep55&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;磕1&nbsp; &nbsp; kè&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;用上下门牙咬:嗑瓜子.&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;3121<br>
溘1&nbsp;&nbsp;hep55&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;瞌1&nbsp; &nbsp; kè&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&lt;书&gt;突然:|溘然长逝.溘逝.&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 4067<br>
磕1&nbsp;&nbsp;hep55&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;瞌1&nbsp; &nbsp; kē&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;磕破.磕打.磕头|磕磕碰碰.&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 6735<br>
盍1&nbsp;&nbsp;hep55&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;磕1&nbsp; &nbsp; hé&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&lt;书&gt;何不:盍往视之?&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 6929<br>
<br>
&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 以上4个正在往韵母ap靠拢<br>
&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; <br>
    <br>
<br>
 赤坎话韵母为em的字在台山话为im,例如「怎样」的「怎」,「侵略」的<br>
「侵」,「钦佩」的「钦」,在台山话中韵母为im.分别为tim,t'im,him.<br>
但是台山台城话也有韵母em:<br>
&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; <br>
&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;韵母 em<br>
&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; (与t,n,l,k,h,ts',s七个声母配合)<br>
泵)1 tem55&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;子冚切 bèng&nbsp; &nbsp; &lt;台&gt;泵)水(用水泵泵水).&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;5904<br>
腩'1 nem33&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;那杉切 nǎn&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&lt;台&gt;(鱼、肉)变味.&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;6242<br>
蘸&nbsp; &nbsp;lem33&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;拉杉切 zhàn&nbsp; &nbsp; 蘸墨水.蘸水钢笔.大葱蘸酱.&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;2673<br>
冚1&nbsp;&nbsp;k'em55&nbsp; &nbsp; 卡泵)切kǎn&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&lt;台&gt;盖:冚被(盖被子).&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1199<br>
冚*&nbsp;&nbsp;k'em11&nbsp; &nbsp; 卡含切 kǎn&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&lt;台&gt;冚*薯}(癞蛤蟆).&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;1201<br>
含&nbsp; &nbsp;hem11&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;哈森切 hán&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;含有.包含|含沙射影|含血喷人.&nbsp; &nbsp;1019<br>
凼1&nbsp;&nbsp;hem21&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;-&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;dàng&nbsp; &nbsp; 水凼(水坑).粪凼(田间的粪坑).&nbsp; &nbsp;1549<br>
杉1&nbsp;&nbsp;ts'em33&nbsp; &nbsp;差蘸切 shān&nbsp; &nbsp; 杉树(木材可供建筑、制器具用).&nbsp;&nbsp;3456<br>
杉2&nbsp;&nbsp;ts'em33&nbsp; &nbsp;差蘸切 shā&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;义同"杉1",用于"杉木.杉篙".&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;3457<br>
岑&nbsp; &nbsp;sem11&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;森&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;cén&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;岑(姓).岑寂(寂静;寂寞).&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;3280<br>
芩&nbsp; &nbsp;sem11&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;岑&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;qín&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;黄芩(草本植物,根可作药材).&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2303<br>
渗&nbsp; &nbsp;sem33&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;诗杉切 shèn&nbsp; &nbsp; 渗水.渗透.渗入.渗流.&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;4019<br>
森&nbsp; &nbsp;sem11&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;沙含切 sēn&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;森林.阴森森|森严壁垒|森罗万象. 5407<br>
<br>
&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;以上10个属于口语字词,比较固定.<br>
&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br>
参3&nbsp;&nbsp;t'em33&nbsp; &nbsp; 草渗切 cēn&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;参差(长短不齐)|参差不齐.&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 1633<br>
谌1&nbsp;&nbsp;sem11&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;森&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;chén&nbsp; &nbsp; &lt;书&gt;相信;确实;诚然.谌(姓).&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1342<br>
谌2&nbsp;&nbsp;sem11&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;森&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;shèn&nbsp; &nbsp; 谌(姓)普通话也读shèn.&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 1343<br>
涔&nbsp; &nbsp;sem11&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;岑&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;cén&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&lt;书&gt;不断流出:雨涔涔.涔涔泪下.&nbsp;&nbsp;3935<br>
忱&nbsp; &nbsp;sem11&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;森&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;chén&nbsp; &nbsp; &lt;书&gt;心意:热忱.谢忱|拳拳之忱.&nbsp; &nbsp;4210<br>
晗&nbsp; &nbsp;hem11&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;含&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;hán&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&lt;书&gt;天将明.&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;5784<br>
焓&nbsp; &nbsp;hem11&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;含&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;hán&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;单位质量的物质所含的全部热能.&nbsp;&nbsp;6431<br>
钐1&nbsp;&nbsp;ts'em33&nbsp; &nbsp;杉&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;shān&nbsp; &nbsp; 金属元素,符号Sm.&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;6960<br>
钐2&nbsp;&nbsp;ts'em33&nbsp; &nbsp;杉&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;shàn&nbsp; &nbsp; 钐镰(长柄大镰刀).钐草.钐麦子.&nbsp;&nbsp;6961<br>
<br>
&nbsp; &nbsp; 补充:<br>
<br>
普通话为quan者,台山话为tun,普通话为chuan者,台山话为或cun,例如:全<br>
quan--tun,传川chuan--cun. 宣传部lhun cun bu ,全面tun&nbsp;&nbsp;men。    <br>
<br>
[ 本贴由 昌言 于 2006-1-28&nbsp;&nbsp;13:34 最后编辑 ]</div>

<div class="archiver_post">
        <p><cite>昌言</cite> 2005-11-16 10:08</p>
        <div class="archiver_postbody"><h2>台山话拼音方案</h2>台山话拼音方案 (定稿)&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;<br>
<br>
&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 1&nbsp;&nbsp;声母表&nbsp; &nbsp;<br>
<br>
唇音&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;b&nbsp; &nbsp;爸&nbsp; &nbsp;p&nbsp; &nbsp;怕&nbsp; &nbsp;m&nbsp;&nbsp;么&nbsp;&nbsp;f&nbsp;&nbsp;科&nbsp;&nbsp;v&nbsp;&nbsp;华<br>
舌尖音&nbsp; &nbsp; d&nbsp; &nbsp;早&nbsp; &nbsp;t&nbsp; &nbsp;草&nbsp; &nbsp;n&nbsp;&nbsp;脑&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;l&nbsp;&nbsp;老&nbsp;&nbsp;lh 嫂<br>
舌根音&nbsp; &nbsp; g&nbsp; &nbsp;高&nbsp; &nbsp;k&nbsp; &nbsp;卡&nbsp; &nbsp;ng 我&nbsp;&nbsp;<br>
声门擦音&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;h&nbsp;&nbsp;何 <br>
舌尖前音&nbsp;&nbsp;z&nbsp; &nbsp;助&nbsp; &nbsp;c&nbsp; &nbsp;初&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; s&nbsp;&nbsp;梳<br>
&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; j&nbsp; &nbsp;知&nbsp; &nbsp;q&nbsp; &nbsp;持&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; x&nbsp;&nbsp;诗<br>
舌面音&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;y&nbsp;&nbsp;也<br>
<br>
说明: 1) z, c, s 与 i 相拼时,写作 j,q,x 如:ji 知&nbsp;&nbsp;qi 持&nbsp;&nbsp;xi 诗。<br>
&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;2) lh是用两个字母表示的声母,普通话、广州话和和英语中均无此音。<br>
<br>
&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 2&nbsp;&nbsp;韵母表<br>
<br>
单韵母 a&nbsp;&nbsp;阿&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;e 诶&nbsp; &nbsp; o&nbsp;&nbsp;哦&nbsp; &nbsp; i&nbsp;&nbsp;依&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; u 都乌 <br>
复韵母 ai 矮&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ei畀伟&nbsp;&nbsp;oi 爱&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; ie&nbsp;&nbsp;爹爷&nbsp; &nbsp;ui对许<br>
&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; ao 拗奥 eu欧楼&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;iu 优休&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ieu 钓要&nbsp;&nbsp;uo多禾助<br>
鼻尾韵 am 庵&nbsp; &nbsp;em鹌冚&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;im 砧音今 iem 店厌&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; <br>
&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; an 晏&nbsp; &nbsp; en丁颠&nbsp;&nbsp;on 安&nbsp;&nbsp;in 印&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;un敦温捐<br>
&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; ang莺&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;ong当&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;ieng顶秧&nbsp;&nbsp;ung东捧<br>
塞尾韵 ab 鸭恰 eb磕&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;ib 入立&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ieb 碟猎&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; <br>
&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; ad 押&nbsp; &nbsp; ed的跌&nbsp;&nbsp;od夺活 id 一日&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;ud突骨月<br>
&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; ag 德&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;og恶&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;ieg 滴约&nbsp;&nbsp;ug屋瀑局<br>
鼻韵&nbsp; &nbsp;m&nbsp;&nbsp;唔&nbsp; &nbsp;ng五&nbsp; &nbsp; <br>
说明: (1) 韵母例字只取其韵母。例如:休 hiu 去掉声母 h,只取其韵母iu。<br>
&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;(2) 韵母 im 砧 前面无舌面擦音y,也无塞音 d;如带舌面擦音则有区别词义的作用,试比较:im砧--yim荫&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;<br>
   (3) 韵母 ie爹 ieu钓 iem店 ieng顶 ieb碟 ieg 滴 前面无任何舌面擦音y,更无塞音d;如带擦音y则有区别词义的作用,试比较:<br>
&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; ie爹—yie爷&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;ieu钓--yieu要&nbsp;&nbsp;iem店--yiem厌 <br>
&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; ieng顶—yieng 映 ieb碟--yieb叶&nbsp;&nbsp;ieg滴--yieg约<br>
  &nbsp;&nbsp;(4) o 行韵母中韵母 oi 爱 on 安 od 夺 ,实际发音为 uoi,uon,uod,o,ong,og中的 o,实际发音为o,因两者无对立,故作为一个音位处理。<br>
&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; uo后无韵尾时作为复合韵母排在u 行韵母)。<br>
&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;(5) u 行韵母中 un 敦, ung 东捧, ud 突,ug 屋瀑局,和不同声母配合时, u 有时为ou,有时为u; ung,ug 的实际发音接近于 oung, oug,但<br>
&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 是没有ung, ug与之对立,所以u行字母统一写作 u,ui,un,ung,ud,ug。<br>
&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;(6) 「欧呕楼牛狗」的韵母,现在台城人有eu,ao,ei三种读音。第二种发音(ao)与开平方音相同,第三种发音(ei)与恩平方音相同,唯有<br>
&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 第一种发音(eu)是台山话代表点---台城老城区的发音。<br>
&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;(7) 按台城话音系,「奥道到」的韵母是ao,不是o;「贵轨鬼」的韵母是ei,不是i;奇戏飞喂」的韵母是ei,不是i。<br>
&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;(8) 按台城话音系,「英烟」同音,韵母为en ,「色设」同音,韵母为 ed。<br>
&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;(9) 按台城话音系,「钓店碟」的韵母分别为ieu,iem,ieb。<br>
&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;(10) 台城一部分人发音有韵母em,一部分人没有em,韵母em归入韵母am。例如: 腩nem&gt; 腩nam&gt;;冚kem- 冚kam-;凼hem&gt; 凼ham&gt;。<br>
&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;(11) 台城一部分人发音有韵母eb,一部分人没有eb,韵母eb归入韵母ab. 例如:磕heb- 磕hab-.老城区的韵母是em<br>
&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;(12) 台城相当多的人的发音中,鼻韵母ng-(五),ng*(梧),ng&gt;(午),ng`(悟),都分别读成鼻韵母 m-(五),m*(唔&gt;,m&gt;(午), m`(悟), 但是还<br>
&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 有一些老城区的人的发音中仍然有韵母 ng,例如「五」的发音。<br>
&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; <br>
<br>
<br>
&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 3&nbsp;&nbsp;声调表&nbsp; &nbsp;<br>
<br>
&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 基本声调<br>
<br>
调类&nbsp; &nbsp; 1&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;3&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;4&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;5&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;6&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;7&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 9<br>
名称&nbsp; &nbsp;阴平&nbsp;&nbsp;阳平&nbsp;&nbsp;阴上&nbsp;&nbsp;阳上&nbsp; &nbsp;阳去&nbsp;&nbsp;中入&nbsp;&nbsp;阴入&nbsp; &nbsp;新入&nbsp; &nbsp; 阳入<br>
&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 阴去&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br>
&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;(中平)(低平)(高平) (低降)(中降)(中促) (高促)(低降促)(中降促)<br>
调号&nbsp; &nbsp;'&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;*&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;-&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&gt;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;`&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; '&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;-&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&gt;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; `<br>
举例&nbsp; &nbsp;衣&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;移&nbsp; &nbsp; 椅&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 以&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;易&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;百&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 北&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;伯&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;白<br>
&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;意&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; <br>
拼音&nbsp; &nbsp;yi'&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;yi*&nbsp; &nbsp;yi-&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;yi&gt;&nbsp; &nbsp; yi`&nbsp; &nbsp;bag'&nbsp; &nbsp; bag-&nbsp; &nbsp; bag&gt;&nbsp; &nbsp;bag`<br>
说明: (1) 本方案采用符号标调法标调,用' * - &gt; ` 标在音节之后。<br>
   (2) 台山话的阴平与阴去调值相混,都是中平调,符号为 「'」 ,<br>
&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 例如:「衣」yi' 「意」yi' 同音,读成广州话的「意」yi3。<br>
&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;(3) 台山话的阳平为低平调,符号为「 * 」。试比较:<br>
&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 台山话的「移」yi*&nbsp;&nbsp; — 广州话的「移」 yi*&nbsp; &nbsp;<br>
 &nbsp; &nbsp; (4) 台山话的阴上为高平调,符号为「 -」 ,其调值相当于普通<br>
&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 话的第一声(阴平)。试比较: 台山话的「椅」yi-&nbsp; &nbsp;—  普通<br>
&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 话的「衣」yī。 <br>
&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;(5) 台山话的阳上为低降调,符号为「 &gt;」,其调值相当于普通话的<br>
&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 半上声。试比较:台山话的「以」yi&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;—普通话的「以为」的<br>
&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;「以」yǐ(半上声)(这个调值在广州话中没有)。<br>
   (6) 台山话的阳去为中降调,符号为 ` 。试比较: 台山话的「易」<br>
&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; yi`—普通话的「易事」的「易」 yì(高降调)(台山话的<br>
&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;「易」比普通话的「易」起音低些)。           <br>
   (7) 台山话的入声调与广州话一样,都是以b,d,g收尾的促音调。<br>
&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 试比较:台山话的「百」bag'&nbsp;&nbsp;— 广州话的「百」bɑg3,台<br>
&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 山话的「北」bag- — 广州话的「北」bag5,台山话的「白」<br>
&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; bag` — 广州话的「白」<br>
&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; bag6。 但是台山话「阿伯」的「伯」bag&gt;是广州话中没有的,<br>
&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 广州话的「伯」 bɑg3 与「百」bɑg3同音同调。 &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br>
&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; <br>
&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;台山话除基本声调外,还有变调。变调中最常用的是升变调。<br>
<br>
&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 升变调&nbsp;&nbsp;<br>
<br>
名称&nbsp; &nbsp;阴平阴去变调&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;阳平变调&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 阳上变调&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;阳去变调&nbsp; &nbsp;<br>
   (中升调)    (低升调) (低降升) (中降升) <br>
调号&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;'-&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;*-&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&gt;-&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;`-<br>
举例&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;阿意&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 阿愉&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;阿雨&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 阿裕<br>
拼音&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a'yi'-&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; a'yi*-&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; a'yi&gt;-&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;a'yi`-<br>
说明:(1)台山话舒声(非入声)的升变调是四个,是在原调值的基础上末尾<br>
&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;升高到最高 - ,即 ' → '- , * →*- ,&gt; → &gt;-,` → `- ,<br>
&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;阴上声 - 已是最高,因此无升变调。<br>
   (2)台山话的阴平阴去变调是中升调 '- 。试比较: 台山话「阿意」 <br>
&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;的「意」yi'-&nbsp;&nbsp;— 普通话「阿姨」的「姨」yí <br>
   (3)学普通话时,用台山话阳平变调(例如「阿愉」的「愉」yi*- )代替普通话的阳平(例如「阿姨」的「姨」yí也行得通,只是调值稍<br>
&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;低些。试比较: 台山话「阿意」 的「意」yi'-&nbsp;&nbsp;— 普通话「阿姨」的「姨」yí。 <br>
&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;(4)台山话的入声升变调,是在原单韵母变调的基础上加一个 b,d或g(失去爆破) 。<br>
&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;例如:<br>
&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;买鸭&nbsp; &nbsp;mai' ab'-&nbsp;&nbsp;实际发音为 mai'a'-b <br>
&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;白鹤&nbsp; &nbsp;bag`hog&gt;-&nbsp;&nbsp;实际发音为 bag`ho&gt;-g&gt;<br>
&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;假日&nbsp; &nbsp;ga-ngid`-&nbsp;&nbsp;实际发音为 ga-ngi`-d(指假日酒店)<br>
&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;星期日 lhen'kei*ngid&gt;-实际发音为lhen'kei*ngi&gt;-d<br>
&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;牙刷&nbsp; &nbsp;nga*cad&gt;-&nbsp;&nbsp;实际发音为 nga*ca&gt;-d <br>
<br>
&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;台山话除了升变调外,还有低降变调。<br>
<br>
&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;低降变调<br>
<br>
&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;在基本调中,阳上调和新入调两个调的调值是低降调。例如:<br>
&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 「以」和「伯」。其他的调本来不是低降调,但在某些口语词语中却变为低降调,这就是低降变调。<br>
&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;例如:头」heu* 本是阳平调,调值是低平调。例如:「头部」。但是在口语中,「日头」(太阳)读ngid` heu&gt;,这里「头」变成<br>
&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;了低降调。<br>
<br>
&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;低降升变调<br>
<br>
&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;本来不是低降调的字,在口语中不仅可以变为低降调,而且可以 进一步变成低降升变调,即由 &gt; 调变成 &gt;- 调。例如:<br>
&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;日头(白天) ngid` heu&gt;- <br>
&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;试比较:<br>
&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;日头(太阳)读 ngid` heu&gt;<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
声调符号说明(国际音标对照):<br>
<br>
&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;基本调(舒声5个)<br>
<br>
  阴平(=阴去)&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;阳平 &nbsp;&nbsp;阴上  阳上  阳去<br>
<br>
拼音&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;yi'&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;yi*&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; yi-&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; yi&gt;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;yi`<br>
音标&nbsp;&nbsp;  [ ji33]   &nbsp;&nbsp;[ ji11]&nbsp;&nbsp;[ ji55] [ ji21] [ ji32]<br>
例字    衣(=意)  移  &nbsp;&nbsp;椅   以   易<br>
<br>
&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 入声调4个<br>
<br>
中入 3&nbsp; &nbsp; 同 阴平(阴去)( ' )&nbsp;&nbsp;百 bag' <br>
阴入 5&nbsp; &nbsp; 同 阴上&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;( - )&nbsp;&nbsp;北 bag-<br>
新入 21&nbsp;&nbsp;同阳上&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; (&gt;)&nbsp; &nbsp;伯 bag&gt;<br>
阳入 32&nbsp;&nbsp;同阳去&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; ( `)&nbsp; &nbsp;白 bag`<br>
<br>
&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 升变调(4个)<br>
<br>
举例&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;阿意&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 阿愉&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;阿雨&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;阿裕<br>
拼音&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a'yi'-&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; a'yi*-&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a'yi&gt;-&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;a'yi`-<br>
音标&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <br>
<br>
[ 本贴由 昌言 于 2006-3-27&nbsp;&nbsp;15:38 最后编辑 ]</div>
</div>
<div class="archiver_post">
        <p><cite>昌言</cite> 2005-12-9 19:00</p>
        <div class="archiver_postbody">《台山方音字典》开始排版。立足于内部出版(已经取得台山市的准印证),并正在联系出版社公开出版。</div>
</div>
<div class="archiver_post">
        <p><cite>霜叶红</cite> 2005-12-9 19:32</p>
        <div class="archiver_postbody"><h2>祝贺您!昌言先生!</h2>您不畏艰难的治学精神永远是后辈们崇拜的偶像<br>
向您致敬!</div>
</div>
<div class="archiver_post">
        <p><cite>昌言</cite> 2005-12-10 05:19</p>
        <div class="archiver_postbody">霜叶红版主:谢谢您的鼓励。昨天下午我已经拿到《台山方音字典》正文的清样了。</div>
</div>
<div class="archiver_post">
        <p><cite>monkey-EB</cite> 2005-12-10 08:24</p>
        <div class="archiver_postbody"><h2>祝贺您!昌言先生!</h2>《台山方音字典》正式出版后您要来论坛发喜糖放鞭炮哦!<br>
您是湘里妹子学术论坛最优秀的会员!<br>
向您致敬!</div>
</div>
<div class="archiver_post">
        <p><cite>昌言</cite> 2005-12-12 13:59</p>
        <div class="archiver_postbody">谢
谢Monkey-EB版主鼓励。《台山方音字典》从《开平方音字典》2003年6月正式出版以来,就开始动手编写了。拖到现在才开始排版,还要等12月
17日在台山台城召开编委会定稿讨论会以后才完全定下来。利用春节期间仔细校对,并发动回乡的台山籍华侨和港澳同胞订书赠送给他们指定的学校。春节过后才
付印。<br>
<br>
[ 本贴由 昌言 于 2005-12-12&nbsp;&nbsp;22:46 最后编辑 ]</div>
</div>
<div class="archiver_post">
        <p><cite>昌言</cite> 2005-12-20 05:34</p>
        <div class="archiver_postbody">《台
山方音字典》(普通话对照)将由湖南教育出版社和湖南电子音像出版社联合出版。该字典有几个附录,其中一个是台山话拼音方案与国际音表对照表。还有「台山
话音系例解」和「台山话常用谚语和俗语」(台山话拼音对照)。后面两个附录是音带内容。先出字典,然后再出一个音带,通过音带教读者学会台山(台城)话拼
音方案,以便通过台山话拼音读出每个字的台城话读音。<br>
<br>
[ 本贴由 昌言 于 2005-12-24&nbsp;&nbsp;21:12 最后编辑 ]</div>
</div>
<div class="archiver_post">
        <p><cite>昌言</cite> 2006-1-6 05:56</p>
        <div class="archiver_postbody">《台山方音字典》(普通话对照)已经排完版,进行了二校,现在已经出三校清样三份:一份送出版社,一份寄回台山,由各编委分工审阅,一份放在我手头再仔细校对一次。春节后汇总意见送印刷厂修改后制版付印。<br>
<br>
[ 本贴由 昌言 于 2006-1-28&nbsp;&nbsp;13:36 最后编辑 ]</div>
</div>
<div class="archiver_post">
        <p><cite>昌言</cite> 2006-2-7 10:20</p>
        <div class="archiver_postbody">湖南教育出版社已经受理,给了出版号,正在设计封面。</div>
</div>
<div class="archiver_post">
        <p><cite>Cantonese</cite> 2006-2-9 23:26</p>
        <div class="archiver_postbody">广府片、莞宝片、香山片、高阳片、钦廉片、桂南片这六片的粤语基调与字音上都是几乎相同的,独独四邑片尤其是台山方言与这六片相差甚远,甚至出现了一些南方方言所没有的独特发音机理,这是为何?</div>
</div>
<div class="archiver_post">
        <p><cite>昌言</cite> 2006-2-10 11:46</p>
        <div class="archiver_postbody">谢谢Cantonese网友关心本帖,并提出问题。<br>
&nbsp;
&nbsp;普通话和广州话的d在台山(台城)话和开平(赤坎)话中变为零声母,是一个极为特殊的语言现象,普通话的t在台山(台城)话和开平(赤
坎)话中则变为声门摩擦音(实际上也是零声母,只是保留送气成分),在四邑话的新会话和恩平话中存在,在湖南某些次方言中也存在。</div>
</div>
<div class="archiver_post">
        <p><cite>Cantonese</cite> 2006-2-10 21:34</p>
        <div class="archiver_postbody">没错,这点我了解。我想问的是,这种巨大的差异是什么样的历史和地理条件形成的?</div>
</div>
<div class="archiver_post">
        <p><cite>昌言</cite> 2006-2-16 12:10</p>
        <div class="archiver_postbody">这个问题我还在研究中.初步的结论:可能是宋末汉族的民族共同语吸收了当地少数民族的词汇和语音特点而形成的.也请Cantonese网友指点一下.</div>
</div>
<div class="archiver_post">
        <p><cite>昌言</cite> 2006-2-23 11:01</p>
        <div class="archiver_postbody">关于四邑话的来源,最好是在对台山、开平、恩平和新会话的语音、词汇和语法分别进行深入的研究以后才进行。<br>
&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;有些学者在描写台山话、开平话、恩平话的语音的时候,认为这三种话的鼻辅音<br>
m,n,ng不是纯粹的鼻音,是带浊辅音b,d,g的复辅音。语言事实尚未搞清楚,就作为根据之一把四邑方言的源头追溯到闽语。我认为这样做是不够严格的。<br>
<br>
[ 本贴由 昌言 于 2006-3-4&nbsp;&nbsp;13:24 最后编辑 ]</div>
</div>
<div class="archiver_post">
        <p><cite>昌言</cite> 2006-3-16 06:56</p>
        <div class="archiver_postbody">《台山方音字典》(普通话对照)定稿研讨会于去年11月底举行,与会的台山台城语文教师提出了修改意见,陆续寄来,我已经逐条看过,反复研究,在印刷厂改过来了, 本月底付印,五月长假以前出书。<br>
<br>
[ 本贴由 昌言 于 2006-3-16&nbsp;&nbsp;07:05 最后编辑 ]</div>
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        <p><cite>Cantonese</cite> 2006-3-24 15:41</p>
        <div class="archiver_postbody">如果说吸收了少数民族的语言,那么粤语早就吸收了不少壮语成分,不至于四邑片和广府相差那么大才对。<br>
<br>
至于说带浊辅音的鼻音,我觉得这跟闽南方言特别像,因为粤语本身是没有全浊辅音的,闽南语才有,而且闽南语有全世界独特的半鼻音,这跟您说的情况倒是非常
类似。只是问题又来了:如果说四邑话是粤闽方言的结合,那么为什么在湛江湾东西两岸没有出现类似的情况?惠州也有讲福佬话(闽南语)和粤语的,为什么惠州
也没有形成像台山话这么独特的方言?</div>
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        <p><cite>昌言</cite> 2006-3-26 19:33</p>
        <div class="archiver_postbody">根据我的调查研究,台山话和开平话根本没有复辅音mb,nd,ηg(有《开平方言》录音带为证)。<br>
<br>
&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(二)台山(台城)、开平(赤坎)方言有无复辅音 mb,nd,ηg<br>
&nbsp; &nbsp;
《珠江三角洲方言综述》指出:「只有四邑各县比较特别,都有略带鼻音色彩的mb,nd,ηg等声母,其中恩平还是相当纯粹的b,d,g.四邑粤语中这类浊
声母并非源自古浊声母「并、定、群」等,而是源自古鼻音声母「明、泥、疑」等。」后来我又看到了参加这次调查的丘学强与人合作写的《论古明、微、泥、疑、
日母字在四邑话的读音形式》一文,此文指出:明母字 麻、慢、脉、美、亩、摩六个字的声母是 mb,并且指出浊音b是主要的,只是前面带了个轻微的
m。微母字 晚、万、味、闻、忘、无六个字的声母是 mb,并且指出浊音b是主要的,只是前面带了个轻微的m。泥母字 拿、年、南、暖、脓、挪六个字的声
母是 nd,并且指出浊音d是主要的,只是前面带了个轻微的n。疑母字 牙、银、牛、鱼、我五个字的声母是ηg,并且指出浊音g是主要的,只是前面带了个
轻微的 η。<br>
  事实上,上述古明、微、泥、疑、日母字在开平(赤坎)话的读音没有什么特别,它们是纯粹的m,n,η。 也就是说,并没有复辅音 mb,nd,ηg,
现有我主编的《开平方言》录音带为证。退一步来说,即使偶尔在我们开平(赤坎)话的读音中发现有mb,nd,ηg ,也是略微带有b,d,g的鼻音
m,n,η,鼻音还是主要的,充其量不过是m,n,η的自由变体而已,作为音位,不能否定m,n,η的存在。<br>
  我最初看到开平方言有复辅音 mb,nd,ηg 而不是m,n,η这个说法,是在《方言》1999年6月号「四邑方言的语音特点」一文。看到这
个说法后我感到困惑,因为我在学习外文时就曾因为发不好浊辅音 b,d,g
而苦脑,我是看了发音理论的书,用与b,d,g同部位的鼻音(浊音)来练出复合辅音mb,nd,ηg,再进而学会浊音b,d,g的。<br>
  我在写《开平方言》时,为了确定开平方言音系,我请湖南师范学院中文系鲍厚星教授帮助审稿。为了慎重起见,我请本书录音带发音人、世居开平赤坎的司徒
春成先生(70岁)到湖南师范学院中文系请鲍教授再仔细听一遍,他说司徒春成先生的开平(赤坎)音中未发现复辅音 mb,nd,ηg或浊音 b,d,g。<br>
  但《珠江三角洲方言综述》是根据实地调查来的,我和司徒春成先生的开平(赤坎)音中没有这几个复辅音,不等于该书的发音人的发音中就没有,于是我找到
了《珠江三角洲方言综述》的发音人关伟彬(实为关伟斌)和胡树勋,复查过他们的发音。我又按《论古明、微、泥、疑、日母字在四邑话的读音形式》一文的注音
读给他们听,「阿妈」a33 ma55是否读成 a33 mba55(类似「阿爸」),「赖你生癞兹(虫字旁)(赖你生疥疮)lai32 nei33
sang33 lai33 tei33)是否读成 lai32 ndei33 sang33 lai33
tei33(类似「癞兹(虫字旁)生癞兹(虫字旁)(疥疮生疥疮)」。「我个(我的)」是否读成ηgoiηgoi(类似「个个」),他们异口同声地加<br>
以否认。我还向他们了解到,当年只有一个男青年来向他们调查,既无录音,又无第二个人在场,也没有把他记录的音读给他们听。他们认为,肯定是记音人搞错了。<br>
  那么,《论古明、微、泥、疑、日母字在四邑话的读音形式》一文的注音是否得到台山(台城)人的认可呢?据《台山方言》的作者、台山(台城)黄剑
云说,当《论古明、微、泥、疑、日母字在四邑话的读音形式》一文在澳门召开的第二届国际粤方言会议上宣读时,他也参加会议,他当时就当面提出异议,可惜该
文作者并没有引起重视,进行复查,以后又结集出版,并一再被引用。一直到前年《方言》杂志第三期发表了「四邑方言的语音特点」一文,才引起我这个老读者的
注意,并进行反复核实。现在《珠江三角洲方言综述》台山(台城)发音人李若泉先生已找不到,我只能找与他年龄相当的台山人黄仁达老师(86岁)核实,并请
「四邑方言的语音特点」作者之一甘于恩对他进行面对面的复查,并作了录音。甘于恩老师经过复查,在他的论文中已不再引用《论古明、微、泥、<br>
疑、日母字在四邑话的读音形式》一文的注音,而改用m,n,η。<br>
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        <p><cite>昌言</cite> 2006-4-7 14:15</p>
        <div class="archiver_postbody">《台山方音字典》(普通话对照)已由湖南教育出版社和湖南电子音像出版社联合出版,国防科技大学印刷厂印刷,2006年4月17日付印,4月底出书,5月1日前运到台城和开平三埠。第一次印刷2000册。<br>
&nbsp; &nbsp; 书运到以后,在台山市新华书店和其他书店出售。在开平三埠的新华书店也有售。<br>
&nbsp; &nbsp; 每本正文328页,大32开,定价:20元。<br>
<br>
[ 本帖最后由 昌言 于 2006-6-2 19:30 编辑 ]</div>
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        <p><cite>昌言</cite> 2006-4-27 05:31</p>
        <div class="archiver_postbody">《台
山方音字典》已经出版,共印刷2000本,1900本于4月30日运到台山,我留下100本用来赠送给国家图书馆、中国社会科学院、广州中山图书馆、中山
大学图书馆等单位。运回去的1900本中,1500本在台山和开平的书店出售,以便收回部分成本后修订重印,台山市委宣传部6月3日召开《字典》出版庆祝
会,并购买100本用于赠送与会各界人士,还有400本由捐款人赠送给他们指定的单位。<br>
<br>
[ 本帖最后由 昌言 于 2006-6-2 19:38 编辑 ]</div>
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penkyamp 發表於 2008-8-6 11:56:42

台山(台城)话的三个基本特点<br>
<br>
台山(台城)话有三个显著的特点:<br>
1)人称代词单复数的区别很特殊。复数不是用单数加词尾"们"或"哋"表示,而是用一个音节改变声调和元音结构来表示。这个特点在语言学上叫做内部屈折。<br>
例如:「我」ηoi33—「我们」ηoi21; 你nei33—你们niek21;他k’ui33—他们k’iek21; 这是四邑话共同的特点;<br>
2)普通话的翘舌音字和平舌音字有区别,台山(台城)话也有区别,但是表示方法不同。普通话的z,c,s在台山(台城)话相应为d,t,lh,普通话的zh,ch.sh 在台山(台城)话相应为z,c,s,<br>
例如:<br>
凡是台山话拼音中声母为z,c,s的,普通话为翘舌音,即声母分别为zh,ch,sh。<br>
例如:<br>
&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;台-- 普&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;台 -- 普<br>
炸 za' --zha`&nbsp;&nbsp;中 zung'-- zhong- <br>
茶 ca*-- cha/&nbsp;&nbsp;冲 cung'-- chong-<br>
沙 sa'--sha-&nbsp; &nbsp;生 sang' --sheng-<br>
凡是台山话声母为d,t,lh的,普通话为平舌音,即声母分别为z,c,s。<br>
<br>
例如:<br>
&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;台-- -- 普<br>
宗 dung' --zong-<br>
聪 tung' --cong-<br>
送 lhung-- song`<br>
上述对应规律是有例外的,但很少。<br>
3)普通话的声母d,在台山(台城)话为零声母;普通话的声母t在台山(台城)话为h,后者是四邑话共同的特点。这个特点在方言学上叫做零声母化。<br>
台---普<br>
灯ang’—deng-<br>
台 hoi*----tai/<br>
上述对应规律是有例外的,但很少。<br>
<br>
<br>
下面是一句普通的台山(台城)话,我用国际音标写出来,只会广州话或客家话的网友能够用汉字写出来吗?<br>
&nbsp; &nbsp; nei33 ei33 t'ui11 m11 ei33 t'ui11 ηoi21 a33 ηin11 k'oi21 si215 au33 nai215 a33 ?<br><br><br>台山方音字典修订后的条目(231)&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br>
<br>
&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;第一部分(156)<br>
<br>
兀]&nbsp;&nbsp;ngug'&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;我哭2切wù&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&lt;台&gt;动:唔好兀(别动!)&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 27<br>
夹4&nbsp;&nbsp;gab&gt;-&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;高盒切 jiā&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;公文夹.文件夹.&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;109<br>
拜2&nbsp;&nbsp;bai-&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;巴蟹切 bài&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&lt;台&gt;拜拜bai-bai'(再见).&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;331<br>
则}&nbsp;&nbsp;dag'&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;早吓切 zé&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&lt;台&gt;掂量:你则}一则}有几重?&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;543 <br>
仆4&nbsp;&nbsp;pug'&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;怕哭]切pū&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&lt;台&gt;仆反(面朝地倒下).&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;650<br>
仕&nbsp; &nbsp;lhu`&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;士&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;shì&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;出仕(做官).仕途|仕途得意.&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 662<br>
仗2&nbsp;&nbsp;jieng'-&nbsp; &nbsp;张&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;zhàng&nbsp;&nbsp;打仗.胜仗.败仗.&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;665<br>
伟&nbsp; &nbsp;vei-&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;纬&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;wěi&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;伟大.伟人.雄伟.伟岸| 丰功伟绩.&nbsp;&nbsp;679<br>
伺1&nbsp;&nbsp;lhu`&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;士&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;sì&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;守候,观察:伺机.伺隙.窥伺.伺敌.&nbsp;&nbsp;760<br>
伺2&nbsp;&nbsp;lhu`&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;士&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;cì&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;伺候病人.&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;761<br>
佛1&nbsp;&nbsp;fud`&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;夫突切 fó&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;佛教.大佛|临时抱佛脚|立地成佛.&nbsp;&nbsp;763<br>
佥&nbsp; &nbsp;tim'&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;签1&nbsp; &nbsp; qiān&nbsp; &nbsp; 全,都:佥同(一致赞成).&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 1018 <br>
句3&nbsp;&nbsp;gui&gt;-&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;加碓切 jù&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;造句.词句.&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;1047<br>
交&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;gao&gt;-&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;加坳切 jiāo&nbsp; &nbsp; &lt;台&gt;打交&gt;(打架).&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;1102<br>
讨]&nbsp;&nbsp;huo-&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;他火切 tǎo&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&lt;台&gt;讨]乜(取什么).讨]老婆.&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1224<br>
诘1&nbsp;&nbsp;gid-&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;吉&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;jí&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;|诘屈聱牙(文句拗口).&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1272 <br>
谌1&nbsp;&nbsp;sem*&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;森&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;chén&nbsp; &nbsp; &lt;书&gt;相信;确实;诚然.谌(姓).&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1342<br>
谌2&nbsp;&nbsp;sem*&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;森&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;shèn&nbsp; &nbsp; 谌(姓)普通话也读shèn.&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 1343<br>
谶&nbsp; &nbsp;tiem'&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;歼&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;chèn&nbsp; &nbsp; 谶语(迷信的人指事后应验的话).&nbsp;&nbsp;1385<br>
阻&nbsp; &nbsp;zuo-&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;助朵切 zǔ&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;阻挡.阻碍.阻止.阻隔|畅行无阻.&nbsp;&nbsp;1422 <br>
鄱&nbsp; &nbsp;buo'&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;播&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;pó&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;鄱阳湖(在江西).&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 1542<br>
扩}&nbsp;&nbsp;kuo-&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;卡可切 kuò&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&lt;台&gt;扩}机(传呼机).[英 call]&nbsp; &nbsp; 1899<br>
批&nbsp; &nbsp;pai'&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;怕低切 pī&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;批示.批改.批准|批评指正.&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 1916<br>
抿&nbsp; &nbsp;men&gt;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;敏&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;mǐn&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;稍稍合拢:抿着嘴笑.&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 1984 <br>
掐&nbsp; &nbsp;hab'&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;他搭切 qiā&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;掐算|掐指一算|掐头去尾.&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2103<br>
揣1&nbsp;&nbsp;cun-&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;喘(俗) chuǎi&nbsp;&nbsp;揣测|不揣浅陋.&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2150<br>
揣2&nbsp;&nbsp;cun-&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;喘(俗) chuāi&nbsp;&nbsp;藏在衣服里:揣手.揣在怀里.&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;2151<br>
揣3&nbsp;&nbsp;cun-&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;喘(俗) chuài&nbsp;&nbsp;挣揣&lt;书&gt;(挣扎).囊揣(同"囊膪"). 2152 <br>
搓&nbsp; &nbsp;tuo'&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;七多切 cuō&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;搓麻绳.搓手.&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 2164<br>
搂1&nbsp;&nbsp;leu'&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;老透切 lǒu&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;搂抱.搂在怀里.&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2165<br>
搂2&nbsp;&nbsp;leu'&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;老透切 lōu&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;搂柴火.搂枪机.&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2166<br>
撷&nbsp; &nbsp;ked-&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;蝎&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;xié&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&lt;书&gt;摘下;取下: 采撷.撷取.&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;2211<br>
茧2&nbsp;&nbsp;gan-&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;简&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;jiǎn&nbsp; &nbsp; 台山话又读音,义同"茧1".&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2384<br>
茫&nbsp; &nbsp;mong*&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;忙&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;máng&nbsp; &nbsp; 大海茫茫|茫然无知|茫无头绪.&nbsp; &nbsp; 2407<br>
茹&nbsp; &nbsp;ngui*&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;如&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;rú&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;|茹毛饮血(茹:吃)|含辛茹苦.&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2420<br>
萏&nbsp; &nbsp;ham`&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;淡1&nbsp; &nbsp; dàn&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&lt;书&gt;菡萏(hàndàn)(荷花).&nbsp; &nbsp; 2496 <br>
菸&nbsp; &nbsp;yen'&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;烟&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;yān&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;烟草:菸叶,今作烟叶.&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;2500<br>
蒲&nbsp; &nbsp;pu*&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 爬图切 pú&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;香蒲.蒲草.菖蒲.蒲公英.蒲(姓).&nbsp;&nbsp;2582<br>
蓂2&nbsp;&nbsp;med`&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;觅&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;mì&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;菥蓂(草本植物,全草入药).&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 2590<br>
蓿&nbsp; &nbsp;lhug-&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;宿&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;xu&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 苜蓿(一种草本植物).&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;2615 <br>
蕴&nbsp; &nbsp;vun-&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;稳&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;yùn&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;蕴藏.蕴含.蕴蓄.底蕴.&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2633<br>
夼&nbsp; &nbsp;kong'&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;矿&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;kuǎng&nbsp;&nbsp;&lt;方&gt;洼地.大夼(地名,在山东).&nbsp; &nbsp; 2705<br>
口&nbsp; &nbsp;heu-&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;可抖切 kǒu&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;口袋.口琴|口是心非|有口难言.&nbsp; &nbsp;2769<br>
吗1&nbsp;&nbsp;ma'&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 么亚切 mɑ&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;助词,表示疑问:这样好吗?&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2807 <br>
吆&nbsp; &nbsp;yieu'&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;腰&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;yāo&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;大声喊:吆牲口.吆喝|吆五喝六.&nbsp; &nbsp;2810<br>
吭2&nbsp;&nbsp;hang'&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;坑&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;kēng&nbsp; &nbsp; 出声;发言:不吭声.一声也不吭.&nbsp; &nbsp;2858<br>
呢1&nbsp;&nbsp;ne-&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; --&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ne&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 助词:你呢?人呢?都到哪儿去了?&nbsp; &nbsp;2901<br>
哗1&nbsp;&nbsp;va'&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 蛙&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;huā&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;象声词:哗的一声.哗啦一声.&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;2940 <br>
哗2&nbsp;&nbsp;va*&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 华&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;huá&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;哗变.哗然|哗众取宠.&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;2941<br>
哌&nbsp; &nbsp;pai-&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;派&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;pài&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;哌嗪(一种有机化合物).&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 2948<br>
哦1&nbsp;&nbsp;o'-&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; --&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ó&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 哦,是这样的吗?&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2999<br>
唉1&nbsp;&nbsp;ai'&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 埃&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;āi&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;叹词:唉,我知道了|唉声叹气.&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;3018 <br>
喵&nbsp; &nbsp;mieu-&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;么妖切 miāo&nbsp; &nbsp; 猫叫的声音.&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;3029<br>
喇2&nbsp;&nbsp;la-&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 拉&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;lǎ&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;喇嘛.喇嘛教.&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 3084<br>
喘&nbsp; &nbsp;cun-&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;初稳切 chuǎn&nbsp;&nbsp;喘气.哮喘.喘息|气喘如牛.&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 3097<br>
嗔&nbsp; &nbsp;qin'&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;趁&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;chēn&nbsp; &nbsp; 嗔怒(恼怒)|回嗔作喜.&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;3125 <br>
嗌2&nbsp;&nbsp;yed-&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;益&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;yì&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&lt;书&gt;咽喉:嗌塞|嗌不容粒.&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;3147<br>
嗍}&nbsp;&nbsp;sog'&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;所托]切suō&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&lt;台&gt;哄:嗍}三民-仔(哄小孩).&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;3150<br>
嗨1&nbsp;&nbsp;hai-&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;蟹&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;hāi&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;嗨哟(叹词):加油干呐,嗨哟!&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;3151<br>
嗨2&nbsp;&nbsp;hai-&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;蟹&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;hēi&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;叹词(也作"嘿"):嗨,这个真好!&nbsp; &nbsp; 3152 <br>
嘻1&nbsp;&nbsp;hei'&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;希&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;xī&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;嘻皮笑脸.嘻嘻地笑.嘻,善哉.&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;3176<br>
嘻2&nbsp;&nbsp;hi-&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 起依切 xī&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;嘻嘻哈哈.&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 3176<br>
嘭&nbsp; &nbsp;pang'&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;烹&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;pēng&nbsp; &nbsp; 象声词:嘭嘭的敲门声.&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;3177<br>
噏2&nbsp;&nbsp;ngab'&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;瓦搭切 xī&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&lt;台&gt;胡说:噏三噏四(说三道四).&nbsp; &nbsp;3193 <br>
噜2&nbsp;&nbsp;luo-&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;啰3&nbsp; &nbsp; lū&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;噜苏&lt;啰所&gt;,同"啰唆".&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;3197<br>
屿2&nbsp;&nbsp;yi*&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 余&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;yǔ&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;台山话又读音:大屿山(在香港).&nbsp; &nbsp;3264<br>
岈&nbsp; &nbsp;nga*&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;牙&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;yá&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;嵖岈山(山名,在河南省遂平).&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;3274<br>
岗1&nbsp;&nbsp;gong&gt;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;高往切 gǎng&nbsp; &nbsp; 黄土岗.站岗.门岗.岗位.下岗.&nbsp; &nbsp; 3275<br>
岗2&nbsp;&nbsp;gong'&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;刚&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;gāng&nbsp; &nbsp; 同"冈1".&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;3276<br>
岑&nbsp; &nbsp;sem*&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;森&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;cén&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;岑(姓).岑寂(寂静;寂寞).&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;3280<br>
峙1&nbsp;&nbsp;xi`&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 是&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;zhì&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&lt;书&gt;耸立;屹立:|两山对峙.&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 3302 <br>
峙3&nbsp;&nbsp;xi`&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 是&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;shì&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;繁峙(地名,在山西).&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 3304<br>
峭&nbsp; &nbsp;tieu'&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;草要切 qiào&nbsp; &nbsp; 峭立.陡峭|悬崖峭壁|秉性峭直.&nbsp; &nbsp;3316<br>
帖3&nbsp;&nbsp;hieb'&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;贴&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;tiē&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;安定;稳妥:妥帖.服帖|俯首帖耳.&nbsp;&nbsp;3367<br>
带2&nbsp;&nbsp;ai&gt;-&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;带&gt;-&nbsp; &nbsp;dài&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;皮带.鞋带.&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;3380 <br>
幢1&nbsp;&nbsp;zong`&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;撞&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;zhuàng&lt;方&gt;座:一幢楼房.&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;3398<br>
徼2&nbsp;&nbsp;gieu'&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;叫&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;jiào&nbsp; &nbsp; &lt;书&gt;边界:南至...为徼.&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 3450<br>
舛&nbsp; &nbsp;cun-&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;喘&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;chuǎn&nbsp;&nbsp;舛误(差错)|命途多舛(舛:不幸).&nbsp;&nbsp;3547<br>
饪&nbsp; &nbsp;ngim`&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;任1&nbsp; &nbsp; rèn&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;做饭做菜:烹饪.&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;3568 <br>
饲2&nbsp;&nbsp;lhu*&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;词&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;sì&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;台山话又读音,义同"饲1".&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;3581<br>
闳&nbsp; &nbsp;fang*&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;宏&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;hóng&nbsp; &nbsp; &lt;书&gt;宏大:闳议.&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;3695<br>
汶2&nbsp;&nbsp;mun*&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;文&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;wèn&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&lt;台&gt;汶村(镇名,在台山).&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;3794<br>
泯&nbsp; &nbsp;men&gt;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;敏&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;mǐn&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;消灭;丧失:泯灭|良心未泯.&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 3851 <br>
沸&nbsp; &nbsp;fei'&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;费&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;fèi&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;沸腾.沸点|沸沸扬扬|抽薪止沸.&nbsp; &nbsp;3852<br>
派2&nbsp;&nbsp;pai-&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;怕矮切 pài&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;台山话又读音,义同"派1".&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;3888<br>
客2&nbsp;&nbsp;hag'&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;吓&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;kè&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;台山话又读音,义同"客1".&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 4377<br>
遽&nbsp; &nbsp;gui`&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;巨&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;jù&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&lt;书&gt;仓促;突然: 遽增.遽别.遽然. 4557<br>
邂&nbsp; &nbsp;hai&gt;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;懈&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;xiè&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;邂逅(xiè hòu)(不期而遇).&nbsp; &nbsp;4559<br>
引-&nbsp;&nbsp;yin-&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;依紧切 yǐn&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&lt;台&gt;鸡乸引-鸡仔(母鸡带小鸡).&nbsp; &nbsp;4630<br>
孭&nbsp; &nbsp;mie&gt;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;么野切 miē&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&lt;台&gt;背负.&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 4664<br>
妪2&nbsp;&nbsp;eu'&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 欧&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;yù&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;台山话俗读音,义同"妪1".&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;4696 <br>
妊1&nbsp;&nbsp;ngim`&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;任1&nbsp; &nbsp; rèn&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;怀孕:妊娠.妊妇.&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 4699<br>
妹3&nbsp;&nbsp;moi&gt;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;每&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;mèi&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;胞妹.兄妹.表妹.师妹.&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;4714<br>
娣2&nbsp;&nbsp;hai&gt;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;何礼切 dì&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&lt;台&gt;阿娣(弟弟)(同"阿弟]").&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;4761<br>
婧&nbsp; &nbsp;den`&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;靖&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;jìng&nbsp; &nbsp; &lt;书&gt;女子有才能.&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 4766 <br>
嫡&nbsp; &nbsp;ed-&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 的&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;dí&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;嫡出.嫡长子.嫡亲.嫡传.嫡系.&nbsp; &nbsp; 4809<br>
嬗&nbsp; &nbsp;sen`&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;善&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;shàn&nbsp; &nbsp; &lt;书&gt;更替;演变:嬗变.&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;4811<br>
绲&nbsp; &nbsp;kun-&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;捆&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;gǔn&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;绲边.&lt;书&gt;绲带(编织的带子).&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;4976<br>
绷1&nbsp;&nbsp;bang'&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;崩1&nbsp; &nbsp; bēng&nbsp; &nbsp; 绷直.绷紧.绷带 .&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;4984<br>
绷2&nbsp;&nbsp;bang'&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;崩1&nbsp; &nbsp; běng&nbsp; &nbsp; 绷脸(板着脸).绷住劲(勉强支撑). 4985<br>
环2&nbsp;&nbsp;van&gt;-&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;幻&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;huán&nbsp; &nbsp; &lt;台&gt;耳环&gt;.&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;5085<br>
琢1&nbsp;&nbsp;dieg-&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;啄&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;zhuó&nbsp; &nbsp; 加工玉石.琢磨(喻精益求精).&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;5135<br>
琢2&nbsp;&nbsp;dieg-&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;啄&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;zuó&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;琢磨(思考;探求).&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;5136 <br>
杌&nbsp; &nbsp;ngud-&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;兀&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;wù&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;杌子(小凳子).杌陧(=阢陧).&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;5209<br>
枚}1 moi*&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;梅&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;méi&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&lt;台&gt;讨枚}该个(连这个都拿了).&nbsp; &nbsp;5238<br>
枚}2 moi*&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;梅&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;méi&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&lt;台&gt;枚}单(=埋单)(结帐).&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;5239<br>
析&nbsp; &nbsp;lhed-&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;息&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;xī&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;分析.析疑.析出|分崩离析.&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 5241<br>
板2&nbsp;&nbsp;ban-&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;版&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;bǎn&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;老板.老板娘.&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 5244<br>
柞&nbsp; &nbsp;dog`&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;早学切 zuò&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;柞树(栎的通称).柞蚕.柞蚕丝.&nbsp; &nbsp; 5288<br>
梗}&nbsp;&nbsp;gang-&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;高等切 gěng&nbsp; &nbsp; &lt;台&gt;肯定;一定:梗}系(一定是).&nbsp; &nbsp;5379<br>
槎&nbsp; &nbsp;ca*&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 茶&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;chá&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&lt;书&gt;木筏: 乘槎.浮槎.&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;5461<br>
歼&nbsp; &nbsp;tiem'&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;草添切 jiān&nbsp; &nbsp; 歼灭.歼击机.围歼|聚而歼之.&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;5543<br>
挈&nbsp; &nbsp;ked-&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;其益切 qiè&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;带领:|挈老扶幼|提纲挈领.&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 5958<br>
氟&nbsp; &nbsp;fud-&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;忽&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;fú&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;气体元素,符号F:氟利昂.&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;6002<br>
肭&nbsp; &nbsp;nad`&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;那滑切 nà&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;腽肭,见"腽".&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 6115 <br>
塍&nbsp; &nbsp;sen*&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;承&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;chéng&nbsp;&nbsp;&lt;方&gt;田间的土埂子:田塍.&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;6254<br>
膀2&nbsp;&nbsp;pong*&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;旁&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;bǎng&nbsp; &nbsp; 翅膀.&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;6263<br>
炫&nbsp; &nbsp;yon*&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;玄&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;xuàn&nbsp; &nbsp; 炫目.炫耀|自炫其能.&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;6402<br>
忿&nbsp; &nbsp;fun&gt;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;愤&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;fèn&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;|忿忿不平(=愤愤不平)|忿然作色. 6565 <br>
憨&nbsp; &nbsp;ham'&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;何担切 hān&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;憨痴(傻).憨直(憨:朴实).憨厚.&nbsp; &nbsp;6614<br>
砩&nbsp; &nbsp;fud-&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;拂&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;fú&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;砩石(即氟石,成分是氟化钙).&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;6682<br>
硌1&nbsp;&nbsp;log-&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;洛&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;luò&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&lt;书&gt;山上的大石:硌石.&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;6696<br>
眭1&nbsp;&nbsp;lhui'&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;虽&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;suī&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;眭(姓).&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;6799 <br>
眯2&nbsp;&nbsp;mei'&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;么气切 mī&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;眯着眼睛笑.在床上眯一会儿.&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;6808<br>
睢&nbsp; &nbsp;lhui'&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;虽&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;suī&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;睢县(地名,在河南).睢(姓).&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;6829<br>
盍1&nbsp;&nbsp;hab`&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;合&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;hé&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&lt;书&gt;何不:盍往视之?&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 6929<br>
钉3&nbsp;&nbsp;ieng&gt;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;打艇切 dīng&nbsp; &nbsp; &lt;台&gt;铁钉(hed'ieng&gt;)(铁钉).&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;6950 <br>
钾&nbsp; &nbsp;gab-&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;甲1&nbsp; &nbsp; jiǎ&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;金属元素,符号K:钾肥.&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7013<br>
铃2&nbsp;&nbsp;lieng&gt;&nbsp; &nbsp; 鲁艇切 líng&nbsp; &nbsp; 台山话白读音,义同"铃1".&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7020<br>
矮&nbsp; &nbsp;ai-&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 哎&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ǎi&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;矮子.矮屋.矮凳|又矮又小.&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 7219<br>
皙1&nbsp;&nbsp;lhed-&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;息&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;xī&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;人的皮肤白:白皙.&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;7319 <br>
疲2&nbsp;&nbsp;pie&gt;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;怕野切 pí&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&lt;台&gt;疲倦:好疲(很疲倦).&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;7442<br>
窜2&nbsp;&nbsp;ton-&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;措短切 cuàn&nbsp; &nbsp; 台山话又读音,义同"窜1".&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7560<br>
初&nbsp; &nbsp;cuo'&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;差多切 chū&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;初级.初等.初中.大年初一.&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 7581<br>
袷&nbsp; &nbsp;gab'&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;夹&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;qiā&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;袷袢(上衣)(来自维吾尔语).&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;7603 <br>
疋2&nbsp;&nbsp;suo'&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;疏&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;shū&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&lt;书&gt;同"疏(注疏)".&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7644<br>
页&nbsp; &nbsp;yieb&gt;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;叶1&nbsp; &nbsp; yè&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;页码.活页.第一页.新的一页.&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7728<br>
颌1&nbsp;&nbsp;gab-&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;甲&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;gé&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&lt;书&gt;口:颌内.&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 7754<br>
虼&nbsp; &nbsp;gid-&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;吉&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;gè&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;虼蚤(跳蚤).虼螂(蜣螂).&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;7801 <br>
蛤1&nbsp;&nbsp;geb-&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;高圾切 gé&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;蛤蜊.文蛤.蛤蚧.&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 7856<br>
蛤2&nbsp;&nbsp;ha-&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 哈&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;há&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;蛤蟆(青蛙和蟾蜍的统称).&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7857<br>
蜍&nbsp; &nbsp;cui*&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;除&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;chú&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;蟾蜍(=癞蛤蟆,台山口语kem*xi*). 7871<br>
蝎&nbsp; &nbsp;ked-&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;企的切 xiē&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;蝎子(节肢动物,有毒钩).&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;7912 <br>
蟾1&nbsp;&nbsp;xiem*&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;婵&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;chán&nbsp; &nbsp; 蟾蜍(台山口语叫kem*xi*).&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 7956<br>
笮2&nbsp;&nbsp;zag'&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;窄&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;zé&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;笮(姓).&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;8013<br>
簇&nbsp; &nbsp;tug-&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;促&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;cù&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;簇拥(许多人紧紧围住).一簇鲜花. 8103<br>
差4&nbsp;&nbsp;qi'&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 翅&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;cī&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;|参差不齐.&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;8186 <br>
卤&nbsp; &nbsp;luo-&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;裸&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;lǔ&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;卤味.卤鸡.卤鸭.打卤面.茶卤儿.&nbsp;&nbsp;8429<br>
趴&nbsp; &nbsp;pa*&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 爬&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;pā&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;趴下放枪.趴在桌子上.&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8441<br>
蹦&nbsp; &nbsp;bang'&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;巴登切 bèng&nbsp; &nbsp; 蹦跳|跳跳蹦蹦|活蹦乱跳.&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8523<br>
蹿&nbsp; &nbsp;ton'&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;粗安切 cuān&nbsp; &nbsp; 向上跳:猫蹿到房上|上蹿下跳.&nbsp; &nbsp; 8535 <br>
雹)&nbsp;&nbsp;dog`&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;早学切 báo&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&lt;台&gt;落雹).又读tog&gt;.&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;8637<br>
龄&nbsp; &nbsp;len*&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;玲&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;líng&nbsp; &nbsp; 年龄.学龄.高龄.工龄.军龄.&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;8665<br>
鲲&nbsp; &nbsp;kun'&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;昆&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;kūn&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;传说中的一种大鱼:鲲鹏.&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;8754<br>
魅&nbsp; &nbsp;mei`&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;味&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;mèi&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;魅力(能吸引人的力量).&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 8841 <br>
鼢&nbsp; &nbsp;fun*&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;坟&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;fén&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;鼢鼠(也叫"盲鼠","地羊").&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 8919<br>
<br>
<br>
&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;第二部分(75)<br>
<br>
&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(含采纳的意见和维持原状的意见)<br>
&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; <br>
<br>
下2&nbsp;&nbsp;ha'&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 他&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;xià&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;下来.下楼.&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;19<br>
么3&nbsp;&nbsp;mo&gt;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; --&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;me&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &lt;台&gt;吗:系该么(是在这里吗?)&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;255<br>
阜&nbsp; &nbsp;feu&gt;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;夫厚切 fù&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;|物阜民丰(阜:盛多).&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 322<br>
鼐&nbsp; &nbsp;nai`&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;那大切 nài&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&lt;书&gt; 大鼎.台山话又音"乃".&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 352<br>
卷1&nbsp;&nbsp;gun-&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;几犬切 juàn&nbsp; &nbsp; 试卷.交卷.卷宗.底卷|手不释卷.&nbsp; &nbsp;378<br>
卷2&nbsp;&nbsp;gun-&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;几犬切 juǎn&nbsp; &nbsp; 卷起.卷入.行李卷|风卷残云.&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;379<br>
南}&nbsp;&nbsp;nam*&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;男&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;nán&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&lt;台&gt;松软:南*-南}(很松软).&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 459<br>
南*- nam*-&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;男&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;nán&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&lt;台&gt;松软:南}南*-(未够松软).&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;460 <br>
剞&nbsp; &nbsp;gei'&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;基&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;jī&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;剞劂(1.雕刻用的曲刀.2.雕版).&nbsp; &nbsp; 593<br>
劂&nbsp; &nbsp;kud-&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;决&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;jué&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;剞劂,见"剞".&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;611<br>
仡1&nbsp;&nbsp;gid-&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;吉&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;gē&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;仡佬族(少数民族,分布在贵州).&nbsp; &nbsp; 669<br>
便1&nbsp;&nbsp;ben`&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;布电切 biàn&nbsp; &nbsp; 方便.便利|悉听君便.&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 817<br>
卒}&nbsp;&nbsp;dud-&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;早忽切 zú&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&lt;台&gt;肥卒}卒}(胖嘟嘟).&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 1116<br>
衮&nbsp; &nbsp;gun-&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;滚&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;gǔn&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;衮服(天子的礼服).&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1135<br>
诎1&nbsp;&nbsp;kud-&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;卡忽切 qū&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&lt;书&gt;1.缩短.2.同"屈".&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1263 <br>
诎2&nbsp;&nbsp;vud-&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;乌忽切 qū&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;台山话又读音,义同"诎1".&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1263<br>
谗&nbsp; &nbsp;cam*&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;查咸切 chán&nbsp; &nbsp; 谗言.听信谗言.谗害|谗害忠良.&nbsp; &nbsp;1353<br>
隗1&nbsp;&nbsp;vei-&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;伟&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;wěi&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&lt;书&gt;山高峻的样子.隗(姓).&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 1459<br>
隗2&nbsp;&nbsp;kei*&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;葵1&nbsp; &nbsp; kuí&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;隗(姓).&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;1460 <br>
鄢&nbsp; &nbsp;yen'&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;焉2(烟)yān&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;鄢陵(地名,在河南).鄢(姓).&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;1538<br>
参3&nbsp;&nbsp;cem'&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;差渗切 cēn&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;参差(长短不齐)|参差不齐.&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 1633<br>
地1&nbsp;&nbsp;ei`&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; --&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;dì&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;地球.地面.地理.地方|置之死地.&nbsp;&nbsp;1704<br>
坌&nbsp; &nbsp;bun`&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;笨&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;bèn&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&lt;书&gt;尘土;灰尘: 微坌.坌尘.坌埃. 1721<br>
坍&nbsp; &nbsp;han-&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;摊&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;tān&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;倒塌:墙坍了.坍塌.&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1726<br>
垃&nbsp; &nbsp;leb`&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;--&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;lā&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;垃圾(脏土或扔掉的破烂东西).&nbsp; &nbsp; 1754<br>
塞)1 id'&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; -&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;sāi&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&lt;台&gt;塞)1个塞)2(塞个塞子).&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;1846<br>
塞)2 id&gt;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; -&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;sāi&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&lt;台&gt;塞子:一个塞)2.&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 1846 <br>
扳1&nbsp;&nbsp;ban'&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;班&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;bān&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;扳闸.扳枪栓.扳道.&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1925<br>
撏1&nbsp;&nbsp;tiem*&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;潜&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;xún&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&lt;书&gt;摘取.&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 2041<br>
撏2&nbsp;&nbsp;tiem*&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;潜&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;xún&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&lt;台&gt;扯;拔:撏鸡毛.&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2042<br>
苇&nbsp; &nbsp;vei-&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;伟&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;wěi&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;芦苇.苇子.苇塘.苇荡.&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2281<br>
味2&nbsp;&nbsp;mei`-&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;未&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;wèi&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&lt;台&gt;上味(盐).&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;2868<br>
嵖&nbsp; &nbsp;ca*&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 查&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;chá&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;嵖岈山(山名,在河南遂平).&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 3338<br>
汶1&nbsp;&nbsp;mun&gt;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;蚊&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;wèn&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;汶河(水名,在山东).&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 3794 <br>
泼1&nbsp;&nbsp;bod-&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;布乙切 pō&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;活泼.泼水.泼辣.泼妇.泼冷水.&nbsp; &nbsp; 3857<br>
泼2&nbsp;&nbsp;pod'&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;怕脱切 pō&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&lt;台&gt;泼水.&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 3858<br>
滚1&nbsp;&nbsp;gun-&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;古稳切 gǔn&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;滚动.滚子|财源滚滚.&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;4094<br>
滚2&nbsp;&nbsp;gun-&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;古稳切 gǔn&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&lt;台&gt;滚水(开水).&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 4095 <br>
客1&nbsp;&nbsp;hag-&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;克&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;kè&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;客人.客户.客厅.客气.客观.客车. 4377<br>
仆4&nbsp;&nbsp;pug'&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;怕哭]切pū&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&lt;台&gt;仆反(面朝地倒下).&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;650<br>
嗨1&nbsp;&nbsp;hai-&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;蟹&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;hāi&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;嗨哟(叹词):加油干呐,嗨哟!&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;3151<br>
嗨2&nbsp;&nbsp;hai-&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;蟹&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;hēi&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;叹词(也作"嘿"):嗨,这个真好!&nbsp; &nbsp; 3152<br>
且1&nbsp;&nbsp;qie-&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;扯&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;qiě&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;并且.而且.且慢|且战且退.&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;76<br>
且2&nbsp;&nbsp;zui'&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;追&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;jū&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&lt;书&gt;用于人名,如范雎,也作范且.&nbsp; &nbsp; 77<br>
计2&nbsp;&nbsp;gai`&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;加弟切 jì&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;计谋:|无计可施.&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 1214<br>
计3&nbsp;&nbsp;gai`-&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;加弟切 jì&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&lt;台&gt;谂计(想点子).&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1214 <br>
叶1&nbsp;&nbsp;yieb&gt;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;页&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;yè&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;茶叶.树叶|根深叶茂|叶落归根.&nbsp; &nbsp;2770<br>
叶2&nbsp;&nbsp;yieb`&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;依碟切 yè&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;叶(姓)|叶公好龙.&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;2771<br>
喷1&nbsp;&nbsp;pan'&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;盼&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;pēn&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;喷水.喷泉.喷气式|血口喷人.&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;3070<br>
喷2&nbsp;&nbsp;pun'&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;怕温切 pēn&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;台山话又读音,如: 喷水.喷泉.&nbsp; &nbsp; 3071<br>
喷3&nbsp;&nbsp;pan'&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;盼&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;pèn&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;喷香(香气浓厚)|喷香扑鼻.&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 3072<br>
喷4&nbsp;&nbsp;pan'&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;盼&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;pèn&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;头喷棉花(第一次摘的棉花).&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;3073<br>
囚&nbsp; &nbsp;tiu*&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;泅&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;qiú&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;囚禁.囚犯.死囚.&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 3229<br>
各&nbsp; &nbsp;gog-&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;阁&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;gè&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;各位.各人|各得其所|各就各位.&nbsp; &nbsp;3557<br>
馋&nbsp; &nbsp;cam*&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;查咸切 chán&nbsp; &nbsp; 嘴馋.眼馋.馋鬼.馋猫|馋涎欲滴.&nbsp;&nbsp;3600<br>
阁&nbsp; &nbsp;gog-&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;各&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;gé&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;楼阁.阁下|亭台楼阁|束之高阁.&nbsp; &nbsp;3713<br>
怍&nbsp; &nbsp;dog`&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;早学切 zuò&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&lt;书&gt;惭愧:惭怍.愧怍.&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;4225<br>
愠&nbsp; &nbsp;vun-&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;蕴&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;yùn&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&lt;书&gt;怒: 微愠.愠色|面有愠色.&nbsp; &nbsp; 4304<br>
客3&nbsp;&nbsp;hag-&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;克&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;kè&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;客观|作客他乡.客死异域.&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;4378<br>
客4&nbsp;&nbsp;hag'&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;吓&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;kè&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&lt;台&gt;人客(客人).&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 4379<br>
彗&nbsp; &nbsp;fei`&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;慧&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;huì&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;彗星(通称扫帚星).&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;4569<br>
强3&nbsp;&nbsp;gieng`&nbsp; &nbsp; 基样切 jiàng&nbsp;&nbsp;态度强硬;执拗: 倔强.强嘴.&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;4649<br>
媪&nbsp; &nbsp;eu'&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 欧&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ǎo&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&lt;书&gt;上年纪的妇女:老媪.&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;4782<br>
纬&nbsp; &nbsp;vei-&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;伟&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;wěi&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;经纬.纬度.纬纱.纬线.&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;4897<br>
玮&nbsp; &nbsp;vei-&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;伟&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;wěi&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;玮奇(奇特)|明珠玮宝(玮:玉名).&nbsp;&nbsp;5083<br>
磙&nbsp; &nbsp;gun-&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;滚&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;gǔn&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;磙子.石磙.磙地 (磙:用磙子轧).&nbsp;&nbsp;6740<br>
膀1&nbsp;&nbsp;bong-&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;榜&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;bǎng&nbsp; &nbsp; 胳膊上部靠肩的部分:膀子.肩膀.&nbsp;&nbsp;6262<br>
熘&nbsp; &nbsp;liu'&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;溜&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;liū&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;一种烹调法:熘肉片.熘肝尖.&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;6454<br>
慧&nbsp; &nbsp;fei`&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;惠&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;huì&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;智慧.聪慧.慧心|慧眼识英雄.&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;6612<br>
眭2&nbsp;&nbsp;kei*&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;携&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;huī&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&lt;书&gt;目光深注:|眭然能视.&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;6800<br>
铃1&nbsp;&nbsp;len*&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;龄&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;líng&nbsp; &nbsp; 铃声.银铃.哑铃.棉铃|掩耳盗铃.&nbsp;&nbsp;7020<br>
和4&nbsp;&nbsp;guo&gt;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;过妥切 huò&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;洗衣物换水的次数:衣服洗了两和. 7230<br>
笮1&nbsp;&nbsp;dog`&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;早学切 zuó&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;用竹子做成的索:笮桥.&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8012<br>
酢1&nbsp;&nbsp;dog`&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;早学切 zuò&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&lt;书&gt;酬酢(宾主相互敬酒).&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8373<br>
鲧&nbsp; &nbsp;gun-&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;滚&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;gǔn&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;古人名,传说是夏禹的父亲.&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 8746<br>
<br>
说明:<br>
第一部分是台山台城人陈栩为和荻海人余泳缵同意的意见,重印本已采纳。<br>
第二部分有的是采纳的意见,有的是保留原书第一次印刷本的意见。<br><br><br>

penkyamp 發表於 2008-8-6 11:58:46

 台开话考本字趣谈(1)<br>
  有位网友说台开话是土得掉了渣的土语,其实台开话有些口语词经过考本字,还可能是是非常文雅的文言词语。<br>
  说开平(赤坎)话的人多数是在南宋末年从中原经过南雄珠玑巷迁到广州,然后又经新会来到开平的(当时台山和开平属于新会郡)。台开话有一些所谓「有音无字」的口语词,其中有一些是保存中古汉语甚至上古汉语的读音。<br>
  在考本字的时候,要注意两点情况:一是词义上的联系,二是语音上的联系。在考虑词义上的联系的时候,要考虑词义的引伸。在考虑语音上的联系的时候,要考虑到:往往口语读音是保存老祖宗还在中原时的古音,而文读读音变化了。这里说的中原,一般是指河南。<br>
  例如,开平赤坎话表示「明亮」的口语词hao`,其本字应该是「皓」。但是在开平话中「皓」的文读音(读书音)已经读ho&gt;
,因此不能一下子想出来。但是只要联系到开平人先民南迁的历史,就可以知道。例如护龙乡邓姓的人来自河南,南宋时候迁居粤北南雄珠玑巷,在南
宋末年又经广州到新会,从新会到台山迳头(现属于开平),然后在明朝洪武年间迁居到开平护龙乡这个地方。现在台山台城话「皓」仍然读
hao`,就是证明。我们读到「皓月当空」的时候,觉得比「明月当空」还要文绉绉,其实这个「皓月」的「皓」就是我们口头语中土得再不能土
的表示「明亮」的那个口语词。<br>
  例如,开平话表示「喊」的口语词deu',台山话为diu’,其本字应该是「召」。台开话「召」的口语保留上古汉语的读
音,就是说,中古汉语的舌前塞音到中古汉语变为舌前塞擦音。从开平月山镇许姓表示「喊」的口语词tseu33和「召」tseu33同音,也可以得到旁证。
开平话「喊他回家」用开平话拼音方案来写是:deu' keu' loi* gui',用台山话拼音来写是diu’ kui’ loi*
gei’,用本字来写就是「召其来归」,这句土得不能再土的话经过考本字以后,其实是一句非常文绉绉的文言文。<br>
  例如,台开话表示「知道」的「知」,其发音是ei',如果知道「知」的新会话口语是dei',声母是塞音,开平话「知」的
口语词经过「塞音-零声母」的过程,因此就能考证出台开话表示「知道」的ei'的本字就是「知」。新会话「知」的声母为d,是保留上古音的读
法。<br>
<br>
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<br>
&nbsp; &nbsp;发表时间:2004-4-28 8:34:29  <br>
<br>
<br>
游客<br>
  <br>
<br>
&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;No.2&nbsp;&nbsp;<br>
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长见识,请邓老继续来。。。 <br>
<br>
<br>
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<br>
&nbsp; &nbsp;发表时间:2004-4-28 9:48:14  <br>
<br>
<br>
邓钧<br>
<br>
&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;No.3&nbsp;&nbsp;<br>
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<br>
     台开话考本字趣谈(2)<br>
  既然有位网友对台开话考本字感兴趣,我就再写几个。<br>
  4、台开话表示「怕」的口语词nud`本字就是「战栗」的「栗」(繁体字有「忄」旁)',这个字有n-l转化的过程,所以不容易被发
现。例如:诗经 秦风 黄鸟:「临其穴,惴惴其栗」。开平口语说「栗唔栗?」就是「怕不怕?」。为了区别「战栗」的「栗」和「栗子」的「栗」,我们在《台
山方音字典》中用「栗]」表述nud`,而「栗子」的「栗」就用「栗1&nbsp;&nbsp;lud`表示。<br>
  5、开平话表示「 动」的本字就是「兀」。《汉语大词典》「兀」的第四个词义是「动摇;摇晃」,例:不胜孤舟兀碧波。开平话表示「动」的口语有ngud-和 ngug两个发音。在《开平方音字典》中「兀」字我们列举了四个词条:<br>
字  开平话注音  普通话音 例         解  字序<br>
兀1 ngud` 我突切 wù  孤立高耸:突兀.      23 <br>
兀2 ngud` 我突切 wù  摇动;摇晃:孤舟兀碧波.  24 <br>
兀3 ngud- 我骨切 wù  动:唔好兀(别动!)     25 <br>
兀] ngug- 我屋切 wù   义同"兀3".       26 <br>
<br>
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<br>
&nbsp; &nbsp;发表时间:2004-4-28 12:30:24  <br>
<br>
<br>
邓钧<br>
&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;No.4&nbsp;&nbsp;<br>
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超哥<br>
 <br>
     No.2 <br>
<br>
----------------------------------------------------------------------<br>
  本地话"天早"是表示明天的的意思,不是明天早上的意思,"早晚"(音近昨晚)是昨天的意思,不是昨天晚上的意思往往给处地人造成误解,请指教为何会这样 ?<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
  发表时间:2004-4-28 13:52:53  <br>
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<br>
&nbsp; &nbsp;发表时间:2004-4-29 6:59:00  <br>
<br>
<br>
邓钧<br>
&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;No.5&nbsp;&nbsp;<br>
<br>
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<br>
<br>
邓钧<br>
  <br>
       No.3 <br>
<br>
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------<br>
  对比一下「昨晚下昼来台城」(昨天下午来台城),「天`早下昼返乡下」(明天下午回乡下),就知道「昨晚」=「昨天」,「天`早」=「明天」。<br>
  我想台山人把「昨天」叫「昨晚」dog&gt;man&gt;-是指昨天的终点,把明天叫「天早」是指「明天」的始点。普通话把第二天叫做「明天」,实际上也是指第二天的开始(「天明」的「明」)。<br>
「昨晚」的「昨」(dog&gt;)字,在开平有人读作do&gt; (类似「灶」音,有人读作dong&gt; )。 在台山话又说dam&gt;man&gt;-<br>
   "昨"(dog&gt;)读做do&gt; 在语音学上称为"音的脱落"(g脱落),"
昨」读作dong&gt;在语音学上称为"音的同化"(舌后塞音g 变为发音部位相同的鼻音
ng),「昨晚」说成dam&gt;man&gt;-也是音的同化(dag&gt;-&gt;dang&gt;-dam&gt;)。<br>
<br>
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<br>
&nbsp; &nbsp;发表时间:2004-5-4 15:44:35  <br>
<br>
<br>
邓钧<br>
&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;No.6&nbsp;&nbsp;<br>
<br>
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  考本字不仅需要掌握当地话的语言,还需要掌握古音今音变化规律。<br>
<br>
<br>
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<br>
&nbsp; &nbsp;发表时间:2004-7-1 1:25:23  <br>
<br>
<br>
邓钧<br>
<br>
&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;No.7&nbsp;&nbsp;<br>
<br>
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  开平话口语中保留有古音的字,最近关乃宏副主编又发现一个,开平话谚语「年晚煎堆},你有我有」之中,煎堆}的堆}只是同音字,其本字应该是「食字旁+<br>
追」,这个字在普通话与「堆」字同音,是「古时的一种蒸饼」,「煎堆}」就是一种「煎饼」。<br>
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<br>
&nbsp; &nbsp;发表时间:2004-7-2 20:06:29  <br>
<br>
<br>
邓钧<br>
<br>
&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;No.8&nbsp;&nbsp;<br>
<br>
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 「食字旁+追」这个字,在《现代汉语词典》中有,这个字是古而有之,不是现代方言学家自己造的。<br>
 
这个字的「食」字旁表示这个字属于食物,其声旁「追」字表示这个字古时候的读音与「追」字同音。「追」字在现代汉语中是翘舌音,而「食字旁+追」这个字,
在现代汉语中和「堆」字同音,其声母是舌前塞音,正印证了现代的舌前塞擦音翘舌音「追」在上古音是舌前塞音,后来才变成舌前塞擦音的。<br>
<br>
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<br>
&nbsp; &nbsp;发表时间:2004-7-2 20:25:01  <br>
<br>
<br>
邓钧<br>
&nbsp; &nbsp;<br>
&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;No.9&nbsp;&nbsp;<br>
<br>
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  "箸」是古汉语字,是「筷子」的意思。这个字在开平话口头语中也用。例如:「到箸笼讨)双筷子来耶’」就是「在筷子笼拿双筷子来吧」。「夹箸痦耶’」(夹一筷子菜吧)。这样的口语词,现在70岁以上的老人在年轻的时候曾经听说过。<br>
<br>
<br>
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<br>
&nbsp; &nbsp;发表时间:2004-7-2 21:08:36  <br>
<br>
<br>
邓钧<br>
  <br>
<br>
&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;No.10&nbsp;&nbsp;<br>
<br>
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要考本字还要知道声调变化的规律。例如有些字在作为地名的时候,有声调的变化(变调)。例如开平赤坎原来护龙乡最早的村子之中,一个叫做东头村,另外一个
靠西边的叫做西头村。但是平时说话的时候,东头村仍然叫「东头」,可是「西头村」就说成「西厚」(「厚」是「头」字的低降变调,头字才是本字)。 <br>
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------<br>
<br>
&nbsp; &nbsp;发表时间:2004-10-17 11:38:40  <br>
<br>
<br>
拉拉<br>
<br>
&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;No.11&nbsp;&nbsp;<br>
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很有意思! <br>
<br>
<br>
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<br>
&nbsp; &nbsp;发表时间:2004-10-20 17:42:21  <br>
<br>
<br>
邓钧<br>
<br>
&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;No.12&nbsp;&nbsp;<br>
<br>
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 为了考本字,需要掌握国际音标,记录方言词语的现状,还要掌握古音今音规律,才能考证出来自古代汉语的口语词语的本字。如果在古汉语中找不出本字,要考虑是否来自少数民族语言,是否来自外语。<br>
------------------------------------------------------------------------------<br>
<br>
&nbsp; &nbsp;发表时间:2004-10-28 8:17:35  <br>
<br>
<br>
邓钧<br>
  <br>
<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;<br>
&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;No.13&nbsp;&nbsp;<br>
<br>
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 台山话和开平话表示「想」的字(用「谂」表示),经过专家考证,是来自古粤语(古越族的语言)。开平话「谂想」这个词语,是把古粤语的「谂」和汉语的「想」结合起来构成的一个复合词。<br>

penkyamp 發表於 2008-8-6 12:05:26

<span class="w"><font size="-2"><b></b></font></span> <h2 class="r"><a href="http://web.pu.edu.tw/%7Echinese/sou/paper/A7-1%C3%B9%BBF%C0A.pdf" class="l" onmousedown="return clk('http://web.pu.edu.tw/~chinese/sou/paper/A7-1%C3%B9%BBF%C0A.pdf','','','res','18','')">试解董同和先生上古声母的例外谐声</a></h2><div class="g"><nobr><font size="-1"> - <span class="a">繁</span></font></nobr><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody><tr><td class="j"><div class="std"><span class="f">File Format:</span> PDF/Adobe Acrobat<br>(六)亡maN←s-maaN:丧<em>saN</em>←s-maaNs(s/m<s-m). 4. 汉语古典籍的印证: <b>....</b> 祥t’iaN绪¬ui 绕Ngiu 耳Ngei 日Nget 乳Ngui 抑Nget 斜t’ia 胎<em>hoi</em> <b>...</b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

penkyamp 發表於 2008-8-6 12:10:53

<h1 class="firstHeading">台山話</h1>
               
                        <h3 id="siteSub">维基百科,自由的百科全书</h3>
                       
                                                                        <div id="jump-to-nav">跳转到: <a href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E5%B1%B1%E8%A9%B1#column-one">导航</a>, <a href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E5%B1%B1%E8%A9%B1#searchInput">搜索</a></div>                        <!-- start content -->
                        <table class="infobox" style="background: rgb(244, 244, 244) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; width: 22em; margin-top: 0.75em; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial; text-align: left; font-size: 90%;" cellpadding="2">
<tbody><tr>
<th colspan="3" style="text-align: center; font-size: 120%; color: black; background-color: tomato;">台山話</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-left: 0.5em;">使用在:</td>
<td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.5em;"><a href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%A4%A7%E9%99%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="中國大陸">中國大陸</a><a href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BB%A3%E6%9D%B1%E7%9C%81" class="mw-redirect" title="廣東省">廣東省</a><a href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E9%82%91" class="mw-redirect" title="四邑">四邑</a>地区;<a href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF" title="香港">港</a><a href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%BE%B3%E9%97%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="澳门">澳</a>、<a href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%9A" title="东南亚">东南亚</a>等<a href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA" title="华人">华人</a>社区&nbsp;</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-left: 0.5em;">区域:</td>
<td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.5em;">廣東省<a href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B1%9F%E9%96%80%E5%B8%82" class="mw-redirect" title="江門市">江門市</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-left: 0.5em;">&nbsp;使用人數:</td>
<td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.5em;">?</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-left: 0.5em;"><a href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E7%B3%BB%E5%B1%9E%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB" title="语言系属分类">語系</a>:</td>
<td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.5em; text-align: left;"><a href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E8%97%8F%E8%AA%9E%E7%B3%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="漢藏語系">漢藏語系</a><br>
<span style="font-size: 66%;">&nbsp;</span><a href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B2%B5%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="粵語">粵語</a><br>
<span style="font-size: 66%;">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span>粵語<a href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E5%9B%9B%E9%82%91%E7%89%87&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="四邑片">四邑片</a>(<b>邑語</b>)<br>
<span style="font-size: 66%;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><b>台山話</b></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th colspan="3" style="text-align: center; color: black; background-color: tomato;">語言代碼</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-left: 0.5em;"><a href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_639-1" title="ISO 639-1">ISO 639-1</a>:</td>
<td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.5em;"><tt>zh</tt></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-left: 0.5em;"><a href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_639-2" title="ISO 639-2">ISO 639-2</a>:</td>
<td colspan="1" style="padding-left: 0.5em;"><tt>chi&nbsp;(B)</tt>&nbsp;</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5em;"><tt>zho&nbsp;(T)</tt></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-left: 0.5em;"><a href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_639-3" title="ISO 639-3">ISO 639-3</a>:</td>
<td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.5em;"><tt><a href="http://www.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=yue" class="external text" title="http://www.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=yue" rel="nofollow">yue</a></tt></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="3" class="boilerplate metadata" style="padding: 0.5em; line-height: 10pt;"><small><b>注意</b>:本頁包含 <a href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a> 的 <a href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99" title="國際音標">國際音標</a>。</small></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<p><b>台山話</b>属<a href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B2%B5%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="粵語">粵語</a>四邑方言片,是四邑话的代表语言。某些语境下,台山话就是<a href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E5%9B%9B%E9%82%91%E8%AF%9D&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="四邑话">四邑话</a>的代名词。</p>
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<tbody><tr>
<td>
<div id="toctitle">
<h2>目录</h2>
<span class="toctoggle">[<a href="javascript:toggleToc()" class="internal" id="togglelink">隐藏</a>]</span></div>
<ul><li class="toclevel-1"><a href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E5%B1%B1%E8%A9%B1#.E5.88.86.E5.B8.83.E8.8C.83.E5.9B.B4"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">分布范围</span></a>
<ul><li class="toclevel-2"><a href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E5%B1%B1%E8%A9%B1#.E6.B1.9F.E9.97.A8.E4.BB.8B.E7.BB.8D"><span class="tocnumber">1.1</span> <span class="toctext">江门介绍</span></a></li></ul>
</li><li class="toclevel-1"><a href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E5%B1%B1%E8%A9%B1#.E8.AF.AD.E8.A8.80.E7.89.B9.E7.82.B9"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">语言特点</span></a>
<ul><li class="toclevel-2"><a href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E5%B1%B1%E8%A9%B1#.E8.AF.AD.E9.9F.B3"><span class="tocnumber">2.1</span> <span class="toctext">语音</span></a></li><li class="toclevel-2"><a href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E5%B1%B1%E8%A9%B1#.E8.AF.AD.E6.B3.95"><span class="tocnumber">2.2</span> <span class="toctext">语法</span></a></li><li class="toclevel-2"><a href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E5%B1%B1%E8%A9%B1#.E8.AF.8D.E6.B1.87"><span class="tocnumber">2.3</span> <span class="toctext">词汇</span></a></li></ul>
</li><li class="toclevel-1"><a href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E5%B1%B1%E8%A9%B1#.E4.BB.A3.E8.A1.A8.E8.AF.AD.E8.A8.80.E5.8F.8A.E6.96.B9.E8.A8.80"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">代表语言及方言</span></a>
<ul><li class="toclevel-2"><a href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E5%B1%B1%E8%A9%B1#.E8.B6.A3.E8.81.9E"><span class="tocnumber">3.1</span> <span class="toctext">趣聞</span></a></li><li class="toclevel-2"><a href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E5%B1%B1%E8%A9%B1#.E3.80.8C.E6.97.A5.E6.9C.88.E6.BD.AD.E3.80.8D"><span class="tocnumber">3.2</span> <span class="toctext">「日月潭」</span></a></li></ul>
</li><li class="toclevel-1"><a href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E5%B1%B1%E8%A9%B1#.E5.8F.82.E8.A7.81"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">参见</span></a></li><li class="toclevel-1"><a href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E5%B1%B1%E8%A9%B1#.E6.B3.A8.E9.87.8A"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">注释</span></a></li></ul>
</td>
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<p><a name=".E5.88.86.E5.B8.83.E8.8C.83.E5.9B.B4"></a></p>
<h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%B0%E5%B1%B1%E8%A9%B1&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="编辑段落">编辑</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">分布范围</span></h2>
<p>台山话(<b>四邑话</b>)主要分布在<a href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="中華人民共和國">中国</a><a href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B9%BF%E4%B8%9C%E7%9C%81" title="广东省">广东省</a><a href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B1%9F%E9%97%A8%E5%B8%82" title="江门市">江门市</a>(原称<a href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E9%82%91" class="mw-redirect" title="四邑">四邑</a>,后因鹤山加入改称<a href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E9%82%91" title="五邑">五邑</a>)的<a href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E4%BC%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="新会">新会</a>、<a href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E5%B1%B1%E5%B8%82" title="台山市">台山</a>、<a href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BC%80%E5%B9%B3" title="开平">开平</a>、<a href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%81%A9%E5%B9%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="恩平">恩平</a>四县(市),以及江门市区、<a href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%B9%A4%E5%B1%B1" title="鹤山">鹤山</a>的部分地区,大陆以外的华人社区(尤其是北美)。江门市区讲带有很多五邑话发音特点在内的白话。</p>
<p><a name=".E6.B1.9F.E9.97.A8.E4.BB.8B.E7.BB.8D"></a></p>
<h3><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%B0%E5%B1%B1%E8%A9%B1&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="编辑段落">编辑</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">江门介绍</span></h3>
<p><a href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B1%9F%E9%96%80" class="mw-redirect" title="江門">江門</a>五邑流通的一般都是台山話和白話。<a href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E5%B1%B1%E5%B8%82" title="台山市">台山</a>是一個著名的僑鄉,海外台山<a href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8F%AF%E5%83%91" class="mw-redirect" title="華僑">華僑</a>130萬,台山本地區人口110萬。出名的藝人,如<a href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beyond" title="Beyond">Beyond</a>樂隊的<a href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%BB%83%E5%AE%B6%E9%A7%92" title="黃家駒">黃家駒</a>兄弟、<a href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%99%B3%E7%99%BE%E5%BC%B7" title="陳百強">陳百強</a>等等。</p>
<p><a name=".E8.AF.AD.E8.A8.80.E7.89.B9.E7.82.B9"></a></p>
<h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%B0%E5%B1%B1%E8%A9%B1&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="编辑段落">编辑</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">语言特点</span></h2>
<p><sup id="_ref-0" class="reference"><a href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E5%B1%B1%E8%A9%B1#_note-0" title=""></a></sup>台山话(四邑话)是<a href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B2%A4%E8%AF%AD" title="粤语">粤語</a>各種方言中相當具有特色的一种,与標準粵語(<a href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B9%BF%E5%B7%9E%E8%AF%9D" title="广州话">广州话</a>)差异明显。差异既表现在语音上,也表现在词汇上。</p>
<p><a name=".E8.AF.AD.E9.9F.B3"></a></p>
<h3><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%B0%E5%B1%B1%E8%A9%B1&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="编辑段落">编辑</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">语音</span></h3>
<p>和标准粤语一样,台山話保留了許多古漢語語音特點。在某些方面比標準粵語保留的成分更多。例如,它完整保存了四种入聲,「北白伯百」四個字音調均不同(粵語中百、伯同音)。</p>
<p>台山話共含9個音調,參考粵語音調分別記為陰平/陰去(衣/意)、陰上(倚)、陽平(移)、陽上(以)、陽去(易)、中入(百)、陰入(北)、低陽
入(伯)、高陽入(白)。採用五度標音法時,這些音調的調值分別為33、55、11、21、32、33、55、21、32。和標準粵語相比,調值有所改
變,合併了陰平和陰去,而原来合併为中入音的低陽入则保持獨立。</p>
<table align="center" border="1">
<caption style="font-size: 105%;"><b>聲調表</b><sup id="_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E5%B1%B1%E8%A9%B1#_note-1" title=""></a></sup></caption>
<tbody><tr>
<td bgcolor="#f49948" width="65">聲調</td>
<td width="60">陰平 (中平)</td>
<td width="60">陰上 (高平)</td>
<td width="60">陰去 (中平)</td>
<td width="60">陽平 (低平)</td>
<td width="60">陽上 (低降)</td>
<td width="60">陽去 (中降)</td>
<td width="60">陰入 (高促)</td>
<td width="60">中入 (中促)</td>
<td width="80">低陽入 (低降促)</td>
<td width="80">高陽入 (中降促)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td bgcolor="#f49948">調值</td>
<td>33</td>
<td>55</td>
<td>33</td>
<td>11</td>
<td>21</td>
<td>32</td>
<td>55</td>
<td>33</td>
<td>21</td>
<td>32</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td bgcolor="#f49948">粤语調值</td>
<td>55/53</td>
<td>35</td>
<td>33</td>
<td>21/11</td>
<td>13</td>
<td>22</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td bgcolor="#f49948">編號</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>4</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>6</td>
<td>7</td>
<td>8</td>
<td>9</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td bgcolor="#f49948">代號</td>
<td>·</td>
<td><sup>-</sup></td>
<td>·</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>&gt;</td>
<td>'</td>
<td>·</td>
<td><sup>-</sup></td>
<td>&gt;</td>
<td>'</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td bgcolor="#f49948">漢字舉例</td>
<td>衣</td>
<td>椅</td>
<td>意</td>
<td>移</td>
<td>以</td>
<td>易</td>
<td>北</td>
<td>百</td>
<td>伯</td>
<td>白</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td bgcolor="#f49948">拼音(標示調類)</td>
<td>yi1</td>
<td>yi2</td>
<td>yi1</td>
<td>yi3</td>
<td>yi4</td>
<td>yi5</td>
<td>bak6</td>
<td>bak7</td>
<td>bak8</td>
<td>bak9</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td bgcolor="#f49948">国际音标(標示調值)</td>
<td>ji<sup>33</sup></td>
<td>ji<sup>55</sup></td>
<td>ji<sup>33</sup></td>
<td>ji<sup>11</sup></td>
<td>ji<sup>21</sup></td>
<td>ji<sup>32</sup></td>
<td>pak<sup>55</sup></td>
<td>pak<sup>33</sup></td>
<td>pak<sup>21</sup></td>
<td>pak<sup>32</sup></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<p>此外,台山話還有變調現象,主要包括三种情況:</p>
<ul><li>升變調,將一字的調值在最後升到最高。除陰上和陰入外,其他音調均可升變調。除入聲外有4种可升變調的音調,這令實際發音的調式增加4种:</li></ul>
<dl><dd>
<ul><li>33-&gt;35 如:學生<sup>33</sup>証-&gt;學生<sup>35</sup><sup id="_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E5%B1%B1%E8%A9%B1#_note-2" title=""></a></sup></li><li>11-&gt;15 如:金錢<sup>11</sup>-&gt;工錢<sup>15</sup><sup id="_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E5%B1%B1%E8%A9%B1#_note-3" title=""></a></sup></li><li>21-&gt;215 如:該<sup>21</sup>(這)-&gt;該<sup>215</sup>(這裏)<sup id="_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E5%B1%B1%E8%A9%B1#_note-4" title=""></a></sup></li><li>32-&gt;325 如:話<sup>32</sup>說-&gt;講話<sup>325</sup></li></ul>
</dd></dl>
<p>而入聲變調時,會在原末一字末尾加上一個e<sup>55</sup>音節。甚至有時非入聲的字變調也可拉長出一個e<sup>55</sup>出來,意思不變。例如該<sup>21</sup>欸<sup>55</sup>=該<sup>215</sup>。 這種變調應用廣泛,常用于名詞詞尾(包括單音詞)。學者鄧鈞認爲相當於<a href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%8F%BE%E4%BB%A3%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E6%BC%A2%E8%AA%9E" title="現代標準漢語">現代標準漢語</a>的<a href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%8F%BE%E4%BB%A3%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E6%BC%A2%E8%AA%9E#.E5.85.92.E5.8C.96" title="現代標準漢語">兒化</a>現象。</p>
<p>因爲欸e<sup>55</sup>這個字有時候在動詞後面做助詞,形式上與升變調相似,也有類似簡化為音調改變的現象,因此需要辨析。例如:跟欸我=跟著我,念得快也會變成跟<sup>35</sup>我。這種情況因爲欸字有語法含義因此與名詞的變調不太相同。至於兩种形式相似的變調是否有關係則未有結論。</p>
<ul><li>高平變調,將一字的聲調根據原讀音是否為入聲分別變爲陰上或陰入,調值55。用於某些词汇,往往是因为台山話的33调值部分对应于粤语的55调值,因此在部分词汇中沿袭音调。例如「上高」(上面)后一字音调同粤语。此外,這種變調在標準粵語中也廣泛存在。</li><li>低降變調,將一字的聲調根據原讀音是否為入聲分別變爲陽上或低陽入,調值21。特點如下:</li></ul>
<dl><dd>
<ul><li>可用于对现有的字进行转义,如窦字用于「窝」、「洞穴」等義或作量词时使用低降变调,用于其他含义用正常调值32。</li><li>有时被變調的字意義完全不变,只是不同的配搭有不同的读法。例如「章魚<sup>11</sup>」的魚字不變調,「墨魚<sup>21</sup>」的魚字變調。</li><li>被變調的字可以出現在詞語開頭。例如:木<sup>32</sup>工-&gt;木<sup>21</sup>頭</li><li>低降變調后還可以再次升變調,如「買魚<sup>215</sup>」。</li></ul>
</dd></dl>
<p>此外,還存在一些零散的變調現象。台山話的變調研究目前尚不充分,處於歸納階段,關於何時使用何種變調,還沒有很明確的總結。</p>
<p>台山話將古音以t為聲母的字(如<i>打</i>)變成零聲母,因此存在大量零聲母的字。儅這些字跟隨一個鼻音音節時,就會連讀成一個音節。另外還有一些類似的音變。</p>
<p>此外,某些字詞往往有文白兩种讀音,而部分字詞的發音沿襲或仿照標準粵語發音而不是依循本地發音。</p>
<p><a name=".E8.AF.AD.E6.B3.95"></a></p>
<h3><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%B0%E5%B1%B1%E8%A9%B1&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="编辑段落">编辑</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">语法</span></h3>
<p>台山話在語法方面一個突出的特點,就是人稱代詞單複數的表達。和標準粵語以及現代標準漢語不同,它不用詞尾(粵語「哋」,標準漢語「們」)區分,而
是通過變調、變音等内部屈折來表示。另外,指示代詞中表示「這」和「這裡」的「該」,表示「那」和「哪裏」的「恁」也通過屈折來區分<sup id="_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E5%B1%B1%E8%A9%B1#_note-5" title=""></a></sup>。</p>
<ul><li>人稱代詞:我ŋɔi<sup>33</sup>(單)-&gt;我ŋɔi<sup>21</sup>(複);你ni<sup>33</sup>(單)-&gt;你niεk<sup>21</sup>(複);佢k'ui<sup>33</sup>(單)-&gt;佢k'iεk<sup>21</sup>(複);另有一個「非特指第三人稱」代詞,相當於「別人」或者「人家」:惗niεk<sup>55</sup>,可以單獨用,也可以組成「人惗」,意思一样,無單複數。注意其發音除音調外和複數的「你」相同但意思完全不同。</li><li>指示代詞:該k'ɔi<sup>21</sup>=這 -&gt; 該k'ɔi<sup>215</sup>=這裏;恁nen<sup>21</sup>=那 -&gt; 恁nen<sup>215</sup>=那裏</li><li>疑問代詞:乃nai<sup>21</sup>=哪 -&gt; 乃nai<sup>215</sup>=哪裏</li></ul>
<p>曡用形容詞方面,台山話可以將兩個字重疊,其中一個升變調,以表示程度。一般第一個字變調,表示程度加強,第二個字變調,表示程度減弱。如「紅紅」可以表示「非常紅」(紅<sup>15</sup>紅<sup>11</sup>)或者「有點紅」(紅<sup>11</sup>紅<sup>15</sup>),取決於哪一個字有變調。</p>
<p>台山話植物、草木的量词是「兜」,跟<a href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AE%A2%E5%AE%B6%E8%A9%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="客家話">客家話</a>相同,而標準粵語作「樖」。量词「啲」被细分成两个,倷(nai<sup>55</sup>)和伱(nit<sup>55</sup>)程度不同,前者要比后者表示更多的数量,至於「啲多」就變成「伱子」(nit<sup>55</sup>du<sup>35</sup>)</p>
<p>句法方面,大部分與標準粵語相同,但下面這個是台山話特有的句型:</p>
<ul><li>我都聼唔見句。(我一句都聼不見)</li></ul>
<p><a name=".E8.AF.8D.E6.B1.87"></a></p>
<h3><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%B0%E5%B1%B1%E8%A9%B1&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="编辑段落">编辑</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">词汇</span></h3>
<p>以下詞彙為台山話部分特有詞彙和俗語:</p>
<ul><li>打暴:頭一回</li><li>法嚹:鬼點子,法字讀陽上(21)。</li><li>險過老鼠噬貓鼻:俗語,形容極度危險。</li><li>斧頭唔大柄大:俗語,形容某件事情次要部分的開銷比主要部分的還高。</li><li>三個狗仔數過夜:俗語,比喻做事慢。</li><li>跟著好人做好人,跟著生婆學拜神:生<sup>21</sup>婆,即神婆,替人作法事或算命看相等的女人。</li><li>喃譕佬遇到狗—冇細符:<a href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%AD%87%E5%BE%8C%E8%AA%9E" title="歇後語">歇後語</a>,喃譕佬,指專門替人作法事的道士或和尚;冇細符=沒辦法,同粵語冇嗮符,但在此細字語帶雙關。</li><li>未見過大蛇屙屎,生鷄漏蛋—少見多怪:歇後語,生鷄指未經閹割的公鷄。</li></ul>
<p><a name=".E4.BB.A3.E8.A1.A8.E8.AF.AD.E8.A8.80.E5.8F.8A.E6.96.B9.E8.A8.80"></a></p>
<h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%B0%E5%B1%B1%E8%A9%B1&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="编辑段落">编辑</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">代表语言及方言</span></h2>
<p>台山话(四邑话)是以<a href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E5%B1%B1" title="台山">台山</a>台城镇为中心的,越偏离这个中心的发音就越接近于粤语<a href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E7%B2%A4%E6%B5%B7%E7%89%87&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="粤海片">粤海片</a>(广州话)。因此,鹤山与江门市区的话更接近于广州话。台山话的代表语言为水步话,发音和白话的区别比其他台山话更加大。</p>
<p><a name=".E8.B6.A3.E8.81.9E"></a></p>
<h3><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%B0%E5%B1%B1%E8%A9%B1&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="编辑段落">编辑</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">趣聞</span></h3>
<p><a name=".E3.80.8C.E6.97.A5.E6.9C.88.E6.BD.AD.E3.80.8D"></a></p>
<h3><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%B0%E5%B1%B1%E8%A9%B1&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9" title="编辑段落">编辑</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">「日月潭」</span></h3>
<p>台山話中「日」和「月」兩個字容易造成混淆,但這兩個字卻並不同音,甚至差別不是很小。但是由於各地方言的差異,開平赤坎片的方言中「月」字的讀音剛好跟台山水步片方言中「日」字同音。不幸的是,在<a href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%96%8B%E5%B9%B3%E5%B8%82" class="mw-redirect" title="開平市">開平市</a>操這兩种口音的人都很多。於是「三個月」的個字常因連讀省略,而與「三日」混淆。遇到此情況,請務必讓對方說清楚,是否中間有一個「個」字,因爲「三個日」是不合<a href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%AA%9E%E6%B3%95" class="mw-redirect" title="語法">語法</a>的。這裡是一個初學者可能會遇到的「潭」(在這裡意指陷阱),故名為「日月潭」。</p>
<p><a name=".E5.8F.82.E8.A7.81"></a></p>
<h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%B0%E5%B1%B1%E8%A9%B1&amp;action=edit&amp;section=10" title="编辑段落">编辑</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">参见</span></h2>
<ul><li><a href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E5%B1%B1%E5%A5%BD" title="台山好">台山好</a>:一首<a href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E5%B1%B1" title="台山">台山</a>地区流行的民俗歌曲</li></ul>
<p><a name=".E6.B3.A8.E9.87.8A"></a></p>
<h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%B0%E5%B1%B1%E8%A9%B1&amp;action=edit&amp;section=11" title="编辑段落">编辑</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">注释</span></h2>
<ol class="references"><li id="_note-0"><a href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E5%B1%B1%E8%A9%B1#_ref-0" title=""><b>^</b></a>
本節主要參考了鄧鈞(开平赤坎人,湖南省语言学会会员)主編的《開平方言》一書,該書主要闡述開平方言赤坎片的方言,但大多數同時适用於標準台山話。此书
由湖南电子音像出版社2000年3月出版,无ISBN号,国内出版号ISRC CN-F10-00-0008-0/A·H</li><li id="_note-1"><a href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E5%B1%B1%E8%A9%B1#_ref-1" title=""><b>^</b></a> 台山話的入聲和所有地方的入聲一樣,均有-p、-t、-k三种韻尾。</li><li id="_note-2"><a href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E5%B1%B1%E8%A9%B1#_ref-2" title=""><b>^</b></a> 實際發音等同粵語陰上音</li><li id="_note-3"><a href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E5%B1%B1%E8%A9%B1#_ref-3" title=""><b>^</b></a> 實際發音類似粵語陽上音,即本例中錢字的粵語音調</li><li id="_note-4"><a href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E5%B1%B1%E8%A9%B1#_ref-4" title=""><b>^</b></a> 實際發音類似標準漢語上音</li><li id="_note-5"><a href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E5%B1%B1%E8%A9%B1#_ref-5" title=""><b>^</b></a> 由於台山話各方言片差異頗大,因此在此列出的發音僅供參考。就拿人稱代詞來説,各地差異就非常明顯。但基本規律是一樣的,屈折的方式也大體一致。</li></ol>


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penkyamp 發表於 2008-8-6 12:19:16

<table style="width: 632px; height: 390px;" align="center" border="1"><tbody><tr><td bgcolor="#f49948" width="65">聲調</td>
<td width="50">陰平 (中平)</td>
<td width="50">陰上 (高平)</td>
<td width="50">陰去 (中平)</td>
<td width="50">陽平 (低平)</td>
<td width="50">陽上 (低降)</td>
<td width="50">陽去 (中降)</td>
<td width="50">陰入 (高促)</td>
<td width="50">中入 (中促)</td>
<td width="50">低陽入 (低降促)</td>
<td width="50">高陽入 (中降促)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td bgcolor="#f49948">調值</td>
<td>33</td>
<td>55</td>
<td>33</td>
<td>11</td>
<td>21</td>
<td>32</td>
<td>55</td>
<td>33</td>
<td>21</td>
<td>32</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td bgcolor="#f49948">粤语調值</td>
<td>55/53</td>
<td>35</td>
<td>33</td>
<td>21/11</td>
<td>13</td>
<td>22</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td bgcolor="#f49948">編號</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>4</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>6</td>
<td>7</td>
<td>8</td>
<td>9</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td bgcolor="#f49948">代號</td>
<td>·</td>
<td><sup>-</sup></td>
<td>·</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>&gt;</td>
<td>'</td>
<td>·</td>
<td><sup>-</sup></td>
<td>&gt;</td>
<td>'</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td bgcolor="#f49948">漢字舉例</td>
<td>衣</td>
<td>椅</td>
<td>意</td>
<td>移</td>
<td>以</td>
<td>易</td>
<td>北</td>
<td>百</td>
<td>伯</td>
<td>白</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="font-weight: bold;" bgcolor="#f49948">拼音(標示調類)</td>
<td style="font-weight: bold;"><font size="4">yî</font></td>
<td style="font-weight: bold;"><font size="4">yĩ</font></td>
<td style="font-weight: bold;"><font size="4">yî</font></td>
<td style="font-weight: bold;"><font size="4">yi</font></td>
<td style="font-weight: bold;"><font size="4">yí</font></td>
<td style="font-weight: bold;"><font size="4">yì</font></td>
<td style="font-weight: bold;"><font size="4">bãk</font></td>
<td style="font-weight: bold;"><font size="4">bâk</font></td>
<td style="font-weight: bold;"><font size="4">bák</font></td>
<td style="font-weight: bold;"><font size="4">bàk</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td bgcolor="#f49948">国际音标(標示調值)</td>
<td><font size="4">ji<sup>33</sup></font></td>
<td><font size="4">ji<sup>55</sup></font></td>
<td><font size="4">ji<sup>33</sup></font></td>
<td><font size="4">ji<sup>11</sup></font></td>
<td><font size="4">ji<sup>21</sup></font></td>
<td><font size="4">ji<sup>32</sup></font></td>
<td><font size="4">pak<sup>55</sup></font></td>
<td><font size="4">pak<sup>33</sup></font></td>
<td><font size="4">pak<sup>21</sup></font></td>
<td><font size="4">pak<sup>32</sup></font></td></tr></tbody></table>

[ 本帖最後由 penkyamp 於 2008-8-6 12:22 編輯 ]

penkyamp 發表於 2008-8-6 12:26:49

<b>[原创] 台山话「危巍魏伪」的读音</b><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 台山话「危巍魏伪」的读音</p><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 广州话a行韵母有长短音的区别,例如「崖」与「危」「巍」不同音,「艾」<br>与「魏「「伪」不同音,但是台山话没有这样的区别,台山人听起来是一个音。受<br>广州话的影响,台山话从广州话引进了一些韵母ai的读音,代替了原来以韵母ui的<br>读音。这些字音在普通话、广州话和古诗韵中都不是一个韵部,为了便于台山人<br>学习普通话和诗韵,我们需要在字典中注明这些字的台山话原读音。</p><p>危1&nbsp; ngai*&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 瓦孩切 wēi&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 危险.病危|危在旦夕|危言耸听.&nbsp;&nbsp; 1564<br>危2&nbsp; ngui*&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 瓦垂切 wēi&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 台山话原读音,义同"危1".&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 1565</p><p>巍1&nbsp; ngai*&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 瓦孩切 wēi&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 高大:巍峨|巍巍高山.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 3357<br>巍2&nbsp; ngui*&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 瓦垂切 wēi&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 台山话原读音,义同"巍1".&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 3358</p><p><br>魏1&nbsp; ngai`&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 瓦大切 wèi&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |围魏救赵(魏:魏国).魏(姓).&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 8847<br>魏2&nbsp; ngui`&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 瓦兑切 wèi&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 台山话原读音,义同"魏1".&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 8848</p>伪1&nbsp; ngai`&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 瓦大切 wěi&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 伪装.真伪.敌伪|去伪存真.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 716<br>伪2&nbsp; ngui`&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 瓦兑切 wěi&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 台山话原读音,义同"伪1".&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 717

penkyamp 發表於 2008-8-6 12:28:29

<h1 class="firstHeading">台山好</h1>
               
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</tr>
</tbody></table>
<p>《<b>台山好</b>》,是一首<a href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%B0%E5%B1%B1%E8%AF%9D&amp;variant=zh-cn" class="mw-redirect" title="台山话">台山话</a>演唱的歌曲。由<a href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E5%B9%BF%E4%B8%9C%E7%9C%81&amp;variant=zh-cn" title="广东省">广东省</a><a href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%B0%E5%B1%B1%E5%B8%82&amp;variant=zh-cn" title="台山市">台山市</a>本地歌手<b>民仔</b>包办词、曲、唱,由燃烧音乐工作室编曲。可能由于针砭时弊,也可能由于歌词粗俗,该歌曲已被当地政府禁止,但仍极受当地民众尤其是年轻人的欢迎。</p>
<p>其歌词大量使用台山话中的<a href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%9A%E8%AF%AD&amp;variant=zh-cn" class="mw-redirect" title="俚语">俚语</a>,有些还较为粗俗。</p>
<p><a name=".E6.AD.8C.E8.AF.8D"></a></p>
<h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%B0%E5%B1%B1%E5%A5%BD&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="编辑段落">编辑</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">歌词</span></h2>
<table style="font-size: 80%; width: 600px; height: 490px;" align="center" cellspacing="5">
<tbody><tr>
<td style="width: 30em;" align="center"><b><a href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%B0%E5%B1%B1%E8%AF%9D&amp;variant=zh-cn" class="mw-redirect" title="台山话">台山话</a></b></td>
<td style="width: 30em;" align="center"><b>歌词大意:<a href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%A6%E9%9D%A2%E8%AF%AD&amp;variant=zh-cn" title="书面语">书面语</a>注释</b><br>
(非完全对应歌词)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border: 1px solid rgb(255, 224, 238); padding: 5px; background-color: rgb(255, 248, 251);" align="left" valign="top">
<p>好久无返台山,要塞声 爽返两堪。<br>
啱爽<a href="http://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%BF_Sir" class="extiw" title="zh-yue:阿 Sir">阿sir</a>落班,昂l*n昂l*n地 佢捉堪。<br>
确!你毋去含l*n?!<br>
我无带帽又唔系无带套~<br>
阿sir你叉阿我两百蚊,我确~系真系火l*n滚!<br>
<br>
睇紧太阳落山,阿婶又准备收起当摊。<br>
很恶有班城监,缴l*n康阿婶全副家产。<br>
好心你药毛丐l*n惨!<br>
聂无得吃咯你还要扫聂个当摊!<br>
乜你个良心系咪揸去喂三!<br>
我确系真系~~睇唔过眼!<br>
<br>
Stop my car and take my money,<br>
please don't let me say to you 妈个臭<a href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E5%B1%84&amp;variant=zh-cn" class="mw-redirect" title="屄">閪</a>!<br>
What the fuck i'm singing here?<br>
I just wanna let you know,let you know,yeah<br>
<br>
台山好,想去医院除非你系财主佬,yeah~~<br>
台山好,睇嚫新闻讲起台山~~字总未几好呢~~<br>
台山好,好到个个要下岗做摩托佬<br>
台山好,阿婶阿姆嘟想嫁个美国佬~yeah~~<br></p>
</td>
<td style="border: 1px solid rgb(206, 242, 224); padding: 5px; background-color: rgb(245, 255, 250);" align="left" valign="top">
<p>好久没有回<a href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%B0%E5%B1%B1&amp;variant=zh-cn" title="台山">台山</a>了,要赶快去「<a href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E5%AB%96%E5%A8%BC&amp;variant=zh-cn" class="mw-redirect" title="嫖娼">爽</a>」一把。<br>
刚刚交警下班,不知道怎样被他捉到我了。<br>
操!你干吗不去舔**?<br>
我没有带<a href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E5%B8%BD&amp;variant=zh-cn" class="mw-redirect" title="安全帽">安全帽</a>又不是没有带<a href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E5%A5%97&amp;variant=zh-cn" class="mw-redirect" title="安全套">安全套</a>~<br>
交警你罚了我两百块,我真的生气得头顶冒烟<br>
<br>
眼看着太阳快下山了,大婶准备收摊。<br>
但是却有班狠毒的<a href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E5%9F%8E%E7%AE%A1&amp;variant=zh-cn" class="mw-redirect" title="城管">城管</a>,把大婶的全部家产都收缴了。<br>
好心你也别这么恶毒吧,<br>
哎,人家都揭不开锅了你还去扫人家的地摊,<br>
你的良心是不是拿去喂狗了?<br>
我的确,真看不过眼了!<br>
<br>
Stop my car and take my money,<br>
please don't let me say to you 母亲的臭<a href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%B4%E9%83%A8&amp;variant=zh-cn" class="mw-redirect" title="阴部">阴部</a>.<br>
What the fuck i am singing here?<br>
I just wanna let you know, let you know.<br>
<br>
台山好,想去医院除非你是大财主<br>
台山好,新闻里天天都说形势好<br>
台山好,好到个个要下岗去开<a href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E6%91%A9%E6%89%98&amp;variant=zh-cn" title="摩托">摩托</a>~<br>
台山好,大婶阿婆都想嫁给<a href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD&amp;variant=zh-cn" class="mw-redirect" title="美国">美国</a>佬<br></p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<p><a name=".E5.A4.96.E9.83.A8.E9.93.BE.E6.8E.A5"></a></p>
<h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%B0%E5%B1%B1%E5%A5%BD&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="编辑段落">编辑</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">外部链接</span></h2>
<ul><li><a href="http://post.baidu.com/f?ct=&amp;tn=&amp;rn=&amp;pn=&amp;lm=&amp;kw=%CC%A8%C9%BD%BA%C3&amp;rs2=0&amp;myselectvalue=1&amp;word=%CC%A8%C9%BD%BA%C3&amp;tb=on" class="external text" title="http://post.baidu.com/f?ct=&amp;tn=&amp;rn=&amp;pn=&amp;lm=&amp;kw=%CC%A8%C9%BD%BA%C3&amp;rs2=0&amp;myselectvalue=1&amp;word=%CC%A8%C9%BD%BA%C3&amp;tb=on" rel="nofollow">百度台山好吧</a></li><li>音频 <a href="http://att3.ccmove.com/ring/5/45/20011287_272828.mp3" class="external text" title="http://att3.ccmove.com/ring/5/45/20011287_272828.mp3" rel="nofollow">歌曲下载</a></li></ul>


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[ 本帖最後由 penkyamp 於 2008-8-6 12:34 編輯 ]

penkyamp 發表於 2008-8-6 12:55:38

<table align="center" border="0" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" width="600"><tbody><tr><td><div align="center">Home | <a href="http://membres.lycos.fr/cahrlie/sections/introduction.html">Introduction</a>
      | <a href="http://membres.lycos.fr/cahrlie/sections/consonants.html">Consonants</a> | <a href="http://membres.lycos.fr/cahrlie/sections/vowels.html">Vowels</a>
      | <a href="http://membres.lycos.fr/cahrlie/sections/tones.html">Tones</a> | <a href="http://membres.lycos.fr/cahrlie/sections/allophones.html">Allophones</a>
      | <a href="http://membres.lycos.fr/cahrlie/sections/sentence.html">Sentence</a>
      <hr size="1" width="100%">
      </div></td>
</tr>
<tr>
    <td><p align="center">Aaron Lee<strong><br>
      </strong>Linguistics 103 Project</p>
      <p align="center"><strong>Toisan: A Cantonese Dialect</strong></p>
      <table border="0" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" width="100%">
      <tbody><tr>
          <td width="44%"><div align="right">1.</div></td>
          <td width="56%"><p><a href="http://membres.lycos.fr/cahrlie/sections/introduction.html">Introduction</a></p></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
          <td><div align="right">2.</div></td>
          <td><a href="http://membres.lycos.fr/cahrlie/sections/consonants.html">Consonants</a></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
          <td><div align="right">3.</div></td>
          <td><a href="http://membres.lycos.fr/cahrlie/sections/vowels.html">Vowels</a></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
          <td><div align="right">4.</div></td>
          <td><a href="http://membres.lycos.fr/cahrlie/sections/tones.html">Tones</a></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
          <td><div align="right">5.</div></td>
          <td><a href="http://membres.lycos.fr/cahrlie/sections/allophones.html">Allophones</a></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
          <td><div align="right">6.</div></td>
          <td><a href="http://membres.lycos.fr/cahrlie/sections/sentence.html">Sentence</a></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
          <td><br></td>
          <td><a href="http://membres.lycos.fr/cahrlie/sections/bibliography.html">Bibliography</a></td>
      </tr>
      </tbody></table>
      <p align="center">&nbsp;</p>
      <p>&nbsp;</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
    <td><div align="center">
      <hr size="1" width="100%">
      Index | <a href="http://membres.lycos.fr/cahrlie/sections/introduction.html">Next --&gt;</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><br><p align="center"><strong>2. Consonants</strong></p>
      <p align="left">Below is a chart of the consonants of Toisan. There are
      19 consonant phonemes, all of which may serve as syllable onsets.</p>
      <p align="center"><img src="http://membres.lycos.fr/cahrlie/images/consonants.png" width="557" height="293"></p>
      <p>In addition to the 18 consonants on the chart, Toisan has a voiceless
      lateral fricative: /<font face="SILDoulos IPA93, SILDoulosIPA, IPAPhon">¬</font>/.</p>
      <p align="center"><strong>2.1 Consonant Onsets</strong></p>
      <p align="left">Margaret’s Toisan allows all 19 consonants to serve
      as onsets. All syllables must begin with one of these consonants. On the
      tape, they are words (1) – (19). Below, you may click on the hyperlinked
      number to hear the sounds. The first fifteen occur as onsets before /i/.
      Tones vary as indicated in the transcription.</p>
      <table border="0" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" width="100%">
      <tbody><tr>
          <td width="6%">(<a href="http://membres.lycos.fr/cahrlie/sounds/1_receive_bi41.wav">1</a>)</td>
          <td width="8%"><font face="SILDoulos IPA93, SILDoulosIPA, IPAPhon">/p/</font></td>
          <td width="24%"><font face="SILDoulos IPA93, SILDoulosIPA, IPAPhon"></font></td>
          <td width="62%">receive</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
          <td>(<a href="http://membres.lycos.fr/cahrlie/sounds/2_eldersister_di45.wav">2</a>)</td>
          <td><font face="SILDoulos IPA93, SILDoulosIPA, IPAPhon">/t/</font></td>
          <td><font face="SILDoulos IPA93, SILDoulosIPA, IPAPhon"></font></td>
          <td>elder sister</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
          <td>(<a href="http://membres.lycos.fr/cahrlie/sounds/3_remember_gi44.wav">3</a>)</td>
          <td><font face="SILDoulos IPA93, SILDoulosIPA, IPAPhon">/k/</font></td>
          <td><font face="SILDoulos IPA93, SILDoulosIPA, IPAPhon"></font></td>
          <td>remember</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
          <td>(<a href="http://membres.lycos.fr/cahrlie/sounds/4_comforter_pi41.wav">4</a>)</td>
          <td><font face="SILDoulos IPA93, SILDoulosIPA, IPAPhon">/pH/</font></td>
          <td><font face="SILDoulos IPA93, SILDoulosIPA, IPAPhon"></font></td>
          <td>comforter</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
          <td>(<a href="http://membres.lycos.fr/cahrlie/sounds/5_pastry_ti35.wav">5</a>)</td>
          <td><font face="SILDoulos IPA93, SILDoulosIPA, IPAPhon">/tH/</font></td>
          <td><font face="SILDoulos IPA93, SILDoulosIPA, IPAPhon"></font></td>
          <td>traditional pastries</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
          <td>(<a href="http://membres.lycos.fr/cahrlie/sounds/6_home_ukki45.wav">6</a>)</td>
          <td><font face="SILDoulos IPA93, SILDoulosIPA, IPAPhon">/kH/</font></td>
          <td><font face="SILDoulos IPA93, SILDoulosIPA, IPAPhon">[√k|</font><sup>44</sup><font face="SILDoulos IPA93, SILDoulosIPA, IPAPhon">
            kHi</font><sup>44</sup><font face="SILDoulos IPA93, SILDoulosIPA, IPAPhon">]</font></td>
          <td>home</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
          <td>(<a href="http://membres.lycos.fr/cahrlie/sounds/7_notyet_mi41.wav">7</a>)</td>
          <td><font face="SILDoulos IPA93, SILDoulosIPA, IPAPhon">/m/</font></td>
          <td><font face="SILDoulos IPA93, SILDoulosIPA, IPAPhon"></font></td>
          <td>not yet</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
          <td>(<a href="http://membres.lycos.fr/cahrlie/sounds/8_you_ni41.wav">8</a>)</td>
          <td><font face="SILDoulos IPA93, SILDoulosIPA, IPAPhon">/n/</font></td>
          <td><font face="SILDoulos IPA93, SILDoulosIPA, IPAPhon"></font></td>
          <td>you</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
          <td>(<a href="http://membres.lycos.fr/cahrlie/sounds/9_two_ngi41.wav">9</a>)</td>
          <td><font face="SILDoulos IPA93, SILDoulosIPA, IPAPhon">/N/</font></td>
          <td><font face="SILDoulos IPA93, SILDoulosIPA, IPAPhon"></font></td>
          <td>two</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
          <td>(<a href="http://membres.lycos.fr/cahrlie/sounds/10_pear_li25.wav">10</a>)</td>
          <td><font face="SILDoulos IPA93, SILDoulosIPA, IPAPhon">/l/</font></td>
          <td><font face="SILDoulos IPA93, SILDoulosIPA, IPAPhon"></font></td>
          <td>pear</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
          <td>(<a href="http://membres.lycos.fr/cahrlie/sounds/11_aunt_yi35.wav">11</a>)</td>
          <td><font face="SILDoulos IPA93, SILDoulosIPA, IPAPhon">/ji/</font></td>
          <td><font face="SILDoulos IPA93, SILDoulosIPA, IPAPhon"></font></td>
          <td>maternal aunt<a href="http://membres.lycos.fr/cahrlie/sections/consonants.html#footnote">*</a></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
          <td>(<a href="http://membres.lycos.fr/cahrlie/sounds/12_four_hli44.wav">12</a>)</td>
          <td><font face="SILDoulos IPA93, SILDoulosIPA, IPAPhon">/¬/</font></td>
          <td><font face="SILDoulos IPA93, SILDoulosIPA, IPAPhon">[¬i</font><sup>33</sup><font face="SILDoulos IPA93, SILDoulosIPA, IPAPhon">]</font></td>
          <td>four</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
          <td>(<a href="http://membres.lycos.fr/cahrlie/sounds/13_fly_fi33.wav">13</a>)</td>
          <td><font face="SILDoulos IPA93, SILDoulosIPA, IPAPhon">/f/</font></td>
          <td><font face="SILDoulos IPA93, SILDoulosIPA, IPAPhon"></font></td>
          <td>fly</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
          <td>(<a href="http://membres.lycos.fr/cahrlie/sounds/14_try_si31.wav">14</a>)</td>
          <td><font face="SILDoulos IPA93, SILDoulosIPA, IPAPhon">/˛/</font></td>
          <td><font face="SILDoulos IPA93, SILDoulosIPA, IPAPhon">[˛i</font><sup>33</sup><font face="SILDoulos IPA93, SILDoulosIPA, IPAPhon">]</font></td>
          <td>try</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
          <td height="33">(<a href="http://membres.lycos.fr/cahrlie/sounds/15_happiness_hi35.wav">15</a>)</td>
          <td><font face="SILDoulos IPA93, SILDoulosIPA, IPAPhon">/h/</font></td>
          <td><font face="SILDoulos IPA93, SILDoulosIPA, IPAPhon"></font></td>
          <td>happiness</td>
      </tr>
      </tbody></table>
      <p>Sound (<a href="http://membres.lycos.fr/cahrlie/sounds/14_try_si31.wav">14</a>) sounds almost like a
      variant of English ; to me it seemed too strident to be a postalveolar
      fricative. Margaret assured me that the tip of her tongue was on her bottom
      teeth when making this sound and that the point of contact was behind
      the alveolar ridge. I do not know of any IPA diacritic to indicate that
      a sound is more or less strident, but I feel the only proper symbol for
      this sound is [<font face="SILDoulos IPA93, SILDoulosIPA, IPAPhon">˛</font>].</p>
      <p>Also, sound (<a href="http://membres.lycos.fr/cahrlie/sounds/9_two_ngi41.wav">9</a>) appears more palatal
      than velar. It probably is somewhere in between. In Toisan, when velars
      precede front vowels, they are fronted slightly. This phenomenon occurs
      in English too, as in<font face="Times New Roman, Times, serif"> [</font><font face="SILDoulos IPA93, SILDoulosIPA, IPAPhon">kHç<font face="Times New Roman, Times, serif">]</font></font>‘caw’
      vs.<font face="Times New Roman, Times, serif"> [</font><font face="SILDoulos IPA93, SILDoulosIPA, IPAPhon">k+Hi<font face="Times New Roman, Times, serif">]</font></font>
      ‘key’.</p>
      <p>I selected four additional words to appear before <font face="SILDoulos IPA93, SILDoulosIPA, IPAPhon"></font>:</p>
      <table border="0" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" width="100%">
      <tbody><tr>
          <td width="6%">(<a href="http://membres.lycos.fr/cahrlie/sounds/16_fry_tsa22.wav">16</a>)</td>
          <td width="8%"><font face="SILDoulos IPA93, SILDoulosIPA, IPAPhon">/t˛/</font></td>
          <td width="24%"><font face="SILDoulos IPA93, SILDoulosIPA, IPAPhon"></font></td>
          <td width="62%">fry</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
          <td>(<a href="http://membres.lycos.fr/cahrlie/sounds/17_tea_cha21.wav">17</a>)</td>
          <td><font face="SILDoulos IPA93, SILDoulosIPA, IPAPhon">/t˛H/</font></td>
          <td><font face="SILDoulos IPA93, SILDoulosIPA, IPAPhon"></font></td>
          <td>tea</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
          <td>(<a href="http://membres.lycos.fr/cahrlie/sounds/18_speak_va325.wav">18</a>)</td>
          <td><font face="SILDoulos IPA93, SILDoulosIPA, IPAPhon">/v/</font></td>
          <td><font face="SILDoulos IPA93, SILDoulosIPA, IPAPhon"></font></td>
          <td><p>speak</p></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
          <td>(<a href="http://membres.lycos.fr/cahrlie/sounds/19_hit_a45.wav">19</a>)</td>
          <td><font face="SILDoulos IPA93, SILDoulosIPA, IPAPhon">/?/</font></td>
          <td><font face="SILDoulos IPA93, SILDoulosIPA, IPAPhon">[?A</font><sup>44</sup><font face="SILDoulos IPA93, SILDoulosIPA, IPAPhon">]</font></td>
          <td>hit</td>
      </tr>
      </tbody></table>
      <p align="left">Because Toisan is considered to be a Cantonese dialect,
      it is important that I show the sounds (<a href="http://membres.lycos.fr/cahrlie/sounds/16_fry_tsa22.wav">16</a>)
      and (<a href="http://membres.lycos.fr/cahrlie/sounds/17_tea_cha21.wav">17</a>) placed before [<font face="SILDoulos IPA93, SILDoulosIPA, IPAPhon">A</font>]
      rather than [<font face="SILDoulos IPA93, SILDoulosIPA, IPAPhon">i</font>].
      In my source, [<font face="SILDoulos IPA93, SILDoulosIPA, IPAPhon">˛</font>]
      and [<font face="SILDoulos IPA93, SILDoulosIPA, IPAPhon">˛</font>]-affricates
      were treated as allophones of [<font face="SILDoulos IPA93, SILDoulosIPA, IPAPhon">ß</font>]
      and [<font face="SILDoulos IPA93, SILDoulosIPA, IPAPhon">ß</font>]-affricates,
      occurring before [<font face="SILDoulos IPA93, SILDoulosIPA, IPAPhon">i</font>]
      and high glides. Even in some dialects of modern Cantonese, [<font face="SILDoulos IPA93, SILDoulosIPA, IPAPhon">˛</font>]
      has a restricted distribution before high vowels and glides. By showing
      [<font face="SILDoulos IPA93, SILDoulosIPA, IPAPhon">t˛</font>, t<font face="SILDoulos IPA93, SILDoulosIPA, IPAPhon">˛H</font>]
      appearing before [<font face="SILDoulos IPA93, SILDoulosIPA, IPAPhon">A</font>],
      I hope to provide evidence that these sounds are non-alternating phonemes.</p>
      <p align="center"><strong>2.2 Consonant Codas</strong></p>
      <p align="left">Although any Toisan consonant can fill the syllable onset,
      the number which can fill the coda is rather limited. Only the unreleased
      stops [<font face="SILDoulos IPA93, SILDoulosIPA, IPAPhon">p|, t|, k|</font>]
      and nasals [<font face="SILDoulos IPA93, SILDoulosIPA, IPAPhon">m, n,
      N</font>] may fill the coda. A syllable does have the option of having
      an open coda. All these possibilities are listed below, following the
      segments [<font face="SILDoulos IPA93, SILDoulosIPA, IPAPhon">?a</font>].
      The tones vary as transcribed.</p>
      <table border="0" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" width="100%">
      <tbody><tr>
          <td width="6%">(<a href="http://membres.lycos.fr/cahrlie/sounds/19_hit_a45.wav">19</a>)</td>
          <td width="8%">&nbsp;</td>
          <td width="24%"><font face="SILDoulos IPA93, SILDoulosIPA, IPAPhon">[?A</font><sup>44</sup><font face="SILDoulos IPA93, SILDoulosIPA, IPAPhon">]</font></td>
          <td width="62%">hit</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
          <td>(<a href="http://membres.lycos.fr/cahrlie/sounds/20_answer_ap45.wav">20</a>)</td>
          <td><font face="SILDoulos IPA93, SILDoulosIPA, IPAPhon">/p|/</font></td>
          <td><font face="SILDoulos IPA93, SILDoulosIPA, IPAPhon">[?Ap|</font><sup>44</sup><font face="SILDoulos IPA93, SILDoulosIPA, IPAPhon">]</font></td>
          <td>answer</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
          <td>(<a href="http://membres.lycos.fr/cahrlie/sounds/21_pressure_at34.wav">21</a>)</td>
          <td><font face="SILDoulos IPA93, SILDoulosIPA, IPAPhon">/t|/</font></td>
          <td><font face="SILDoulos IPA93, SILDoulosIPA, IPAPhon">[?At|</font><sup>44</sup><font face="SILDoulos IPA93, SILDoulosIPA, IPAPhon">]</font></td>
          <td>pressure</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
          <td>(<a href="http://membres.lycos.fr/cahrlie/sounds/22_get_ak34.wav">22</a>)</td>
          <td><font face="SILDoulos IPA93, SILDoulosIPA, IPAPhon">/k|/</font></td>
          <td><font face="SILDoulos IPA93, SILDoulosIPA, IPAPhon">[?Ak|</font><sup>44</sup><font face="SILDoulos IPA93, SILDoulosIPA, IPAPhon">]</font></td>
          <td>get</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
          <td>(<a href="http://membres.lycos.fr/cahrlie/sounds/23_bland_am41.wav">23</a>)</td>
          <td><font face="SILDoulos IPA93, SILDoulosIPA, IPAPhon">/m/</font></td>
          <td><font face="SILDoulos IPA93, SILDoulosIPA, IPAPhon">[?Am</font><sup>41</sup><font face="SILDoulos IPA93, SILDoulosIPA, IPAPhon">]</font></td>
          <td>bland</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
          <td>(<a href="http://membres.lycos.fr/cahrlie/sounds/24_poking_an35.wav">24</a>)</td>
          <td><font face="SILDoulos IPA93, SILDoulosIPA, IPAPhon">/n/</font></td>
          <td><font face="SILDoulos IPA93, SILDoulosIPA, IPAPhon">[?An</font><sup>44</sup><font face="SILDoulos IPA93, SILDoulosIPA, IPAPhon">]</font></td>
          <td>poking</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
          <td>(<a href="http://membres.lycos.fr/cahrlie/sounds/25_for_ang41">25</a>)</td>
          <td><font face="SILDoulos IPA93, SILDoulosIPA, IPAPhon">/N/</font></td>
          <td><font face="SILDoulos IPA93, SILDoulosIPA, IPAPhon">[?AN</font><sup>41</sup><font face="SILDoulos IPA93, SILDoulosIPA, IPAPhon">]</font></td>
          <td>for</td>
      </tr>
      </tbody></table>
      <hr size="1" width="100%">
      *<a name="footnote"></a> The tone for (<a href="http://membres.lycos.fr/cahrlie/sounds/11_aunt_yi35.wav">11</a>)
      is not a native Toisan tone. The Toisan tone for this word should be creaky
      and [<font face="SILDoulos IPA93, SILDoulosIPA, IPAPhon">ü</font>].
      Margaret admits that this is a result of the common influence of Cantonese
      on Toisan.

   
    <div align="center">
      <hr size="1" width="100%">
      <a href="http://membres.lycos.fr/cahrlie/sections/introduction.html">&lt;-- Previous</a> | <a href="http://membres.lycos.fr/cahrlie/index.html">Index</a>
      | <a href="http://membres.lycos.fr/cahrlie/sections/vowels.html">Next --&gt;</a><br><br><p align="center"><strong>3. Vowels</strong></p>
      <p>Although Toisan is a Cantonese dialect, its vowel inventory is considerably
      smaller. I have included all seven of the monophthongal phonemes in the
      table below.</p>
      <p align="center"><img src="http://membres.lycos.fr/cahrlie/images/vowels.png" width="515" height="196"></p>
      <p>Additionally, there are four diphthongs: /<font face="SILDoulos IPA93, SILDoulosIPA, IPAPhon">ai</font>/,
      /<font face="SILDoulos IPA93, SILDoulosIPA, IPAPhon">au</font>/, /<font face="SILDoulos IPA93, SILDoulosIPA, IPAPhon">oi</font>/,
      /<font face="SILDoulos IPA93, SILDoulosIPA, IPAPhon">ui</font>/.</p>
      <p align="left">Toisan allows nine of the eleven vowels in open-coda syllables.
      They are illustrated below following the segment [<font face="silDoulos IPA93, SILDoulosIPA, IPAPhon">m</font>].</p>
      <table border="0" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" width="100%">
      <tbody><tr>
          <td width="6%">(<a href="http://membres.lycos.fr/cahrlie/sounds/26_mother_ma44.wav">26</a>)</td>
          <td width="8%"><font face="silDoulos IPA93, SILDoulosIPA, IPAPhon">/A/</font></td>
          <td width="24%"><font face="SILDoulos IPA93, SILDoulosIPA, IPAPhon"></font></td>
          <td width="62%">mother (「mom」)</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
          <td>(<a href="http://membres.lycos.fr/cahrlie/sounds/27_notyet_mi41">27</a>)</td>
          <td><font face="silDoulos IPA93, SILDoulosIPA, IPAPhon">/i/</font></td>
          <td><font face="SILDoulos IPA93, SILDoulosIPA, IPAPhon"></font></td>
          <td>not yet</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
          <td>(<a href="http://membres.lycos.fr/cahrlie/sounds/28_mother_mu31.wav">28</a>)</td>
          <td><font face="silDoulos IPA93, SILDoulosIPA, IPAPhon">/u/</font></td>
          <td><font face="SILDoulos IPA93, SILDoulosIPA, IPAPhon"></font></td>
          <td>mother</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
          <td>(<a href="http://membres.lycos.fr/cahrlie/sounds/29_crooked_me52.wav">29</a>)</td>
          <td><font face="silDoulos IPA93, SILDoulosIPA, IPAPhon">/e/</font></td>
          <td><font face="SILDoulos IPA93, SILDoulosIPA, IPAPhon"></font></td>
          <td>crooked</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
          <td>(<a href="http://membres.lycos.fr/cahrlie/sounds/29_crooked_me52.wav">30</a>)</td>
          <td><font face="silDoulos IPA93, SILDoulosIPA, IPAPhon">/o/</font></td>
          <td><font face="SILDoulos IPA93, SILDoulosIPA, IPAPhon"></font></td>
          <td>have not</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
          <td>(<a href="http://membres.lycos.fr/cahrlie/sounds/31_rice_mai45.wav">31</a>)</td>
          <td><font face="silDoulos IPA93, SILDoulosIPA, IPAPhon">/ai/</font></td>
          <td><font face="SILDoulos IPA93, SILDoulosIPA, IPAPhon"></font></td>
          <td>uncooked rice</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
          <td>(<a href="http://membres.lycos.fr/cahrlie/sounds/32_acre_mau11.wav">32</a>)</td>
          <td><font face="silDoulos IPA93, SILDoulosIPA, IPAPhon">/au/</font></td>
          <td><font face="SILDoulos IPA93, SILDoulosIPA, IPAPhon"></font></td>
          <td>Chinese acre</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
          <td>(<a href="http://membres.lycos.fr/cahrlie/sounds/33_plumblossom_moi22.wav">33</a>)</td>
          <td><font face="silDoulos IPA93, SILDoulosIPA, IPAPhon">/oi/</font></td>
          <td><font face="SILDoulos IPA93, SILDoulosIPA, IPAPhon"></font></td>
          <td>plum blossom</td>
      </tr>
      </tbody></table>
      <p align="left">I found the diphthong /ui/ after having already recorded
      in the phonetics lab. The examples illustrating this vowel are included
      in the supplementary sound track, they are the first examples, numbers
      (45) and (46).</p>
      <table border="0" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" width="100%">
      <tbody><tr>
          <td width="6%">(<a href="http://membres.lycos.fr/cahrlie/sounds/45_this_koi11.wav">45</a>)</td>
          <td width="8%"><font face="silDoulos IPA93, SILDoulosIPA, IPAPhon">/oi/</font></td>
          <td width="24%"><font face="SILDoulos IPA93, SILDoulosIPA, IPAPhon"></font></td>
          <td width="62%">this</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
          <td>(<a href="http://membres.lycos.fr/cahrlie/sounds/46_he_kui33.wav">46</a>)</td>
          <td><font face="silDoulos IPA93, SILDoulosIPA, IPAPhon">/ui/</font></td>
          <td>[<font face="SILDoulos IPA93, SILDoulosIPA, IPAPhon">kui</font><sup>33</sup><font face="SILDoulos IPA93, SILDoulosIPA, IPAPhon">]</font></td>
          <td>he</td>
      </tr>
      </tbody></table>
      <p align="left">Four of these vowels are also found in syllables with filled
      codas; none of them are diphthongs. The vowel does not seem to be
      present in syllables with filled codas; the vowel [<font face="silDoulos IPA93, SILDoulosIPA, IPAPhon">E</font>]
      is only present in these syllables. The vowel is also absent; the
      vowel [<font face="silDoulos IPA93, SILDoulosIPA, IPAPhon">√</font>]
      also only appears in closed syllables. I discuss these vowels’ distrbutions
      more fully in my section on <a href="http://membres.lycos.fr/cahrlie/sections/allophones.html">allophones</a>.</p>
      <p align="left">These vowels were also recorded as part of the supplementary
      material. The vowels are listed below as numbers (47) – (51).</p>
      <table border="0" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" width="100%">
      <tbody><tr>
          <td width="6%">(<a href="http://membres.lycos.fr/cahrlie/sounds/47_pressure_at45.wav">47</a>)</td>
          <td width="8%"><font face="silDoulos IPA93, SILDoulosIPA, IPAPhon">/A/</font></td>
          <td width="24%"><font face="SILDoulos IPA93, SILDoulosIPA, IPAPhon"></font></td>
          <td width="62%">pressure</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
          <td>(<a href="http://membres.lycos.fr/cahrlie/sounds/48_one_jit55.wav">48</a>)</td>
          <td><font face="silDoulos IPA93, SILDoulosIPA, IPAPhon">/i/</font></td>
          <td><font face="SILDoulos IPA93, SILDoulosIPA, IPAPhon"></font></td>
          <td>one</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
          <td>(<a href="http://membres.lycos.fr/cahrlie/sounds/49_house_uk45.wav">49</a>)</td>
          <td><font face="silDoulos IPA93, SILDoulosIPA, IPAPhon">/√/</font></td>
          <td><font face="SILDoulos IPA93, SILDoulosIPA, IPAPhon">[√k|</font><sup>44</sup><font face="SILDoulos IPA93, SILDoulosIPA, IPAPhon">]</font></td>
          <td>house</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
          <td>(<a href="http://membres.lycos.fr/cahrlie/sounds/50_accurate_et45.wav">50</a>)</td>
          <td><font face="silDoulos IPA93, SILDoulosIPA, IPAPhon">/E/</font></td>
          <td><font face="SILDoulos IPA93, SILDoulosIPA, IPAPhon"></font></td>
          <td>accurate</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
          <td>(<a href="http://membres.lycos.fr/cahrlie/sounds/51_eliminate_ot41.wav">51</a>)</td>
          <td><font face="silDoulos IPA93, SILDoulosIPA, IPAPhon">/o/</font></td>
          <td><font face="SILDoulos IPA93, SILDoulosIPA, IPAPhon"></font></td>
          <td>eliminate</td>
      </tr>
      </tbody></table>
      <p align="left">The vowels do seem to move about a little. For example,
      in (<a href="http://membres.lycos.fr/cahrlie/sounds/50_accurate_et45.wav">50</a>) above, the first vowel
      uttered sounds more like [<font face="SILDoulos IPA93, SILDoulosIPA, IPAPhon">Œ</font>],
      while the second sounds more like [<font face="SILDoulos IPA93, SILDoulosIPA, IPAPhon">E</font>].
      I have included a contrast of [<font face="SILDoulos IPA93, SILDoulosIPA, IPAPhon">E</font>]
      and [<font face="SILDoulos IPA93, SILDoulosIPA, IPAPhon">A</font>] between
      the segments to emphasize that I think the phoneme is [<font face="SILDoulos IPA93, SILDoulosIPA, IPAPhon">E</font>].
      The examples are numbers (34) and (35) on the tape.</p>
      <table border="0" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" width="100%">
      <tbody><tr>
          <td width="6%">(<a href="http://membres.lycos.fr/cahrlie/sounds/34_sweet_hem35.wav">34</a>)</td>
          <td width="8%"><font face="silDoulos IPA93, SILDoulosIPA, IPAPhon">/E/</font></td>
          <td width="24%"><font face="SILDoulos IPA93, SILDoulosIPA, IPAPhon"></font></td>
          <td width="62%">sweet</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
          <td>(<a href="http://membres.lycos.fr/cahrlie/sounds/35_salty_ham32.wav">35</a>)</td>
          <td><font face="silDoulos IPA93, SILDoulosIPA, IPAPhon">/A/</font></td>
          <td><p><font face="SILDoulos IPA93, SILDoulosIPA, IPAPhon"></font></p>
            </td>
          <td>salty</td>
      </tr>
      </tbody></table>
      
   

   
    <div align="center">
      <hr size="1" width="100%">
      <a href="http://membres.lycos.fr/cahrlie/sections/consonants.html">&lt;-- Previous</a> | <a href="http://membres.lycos.fr/cahrlie/index.html">Index</a>
      | <a href="http://membres.lycos.fr/cahrlie/sections/tones.html">Next --&gt;</a><br><br><p>Finally, a sentence in Toisan (<a href="http://membres.lycos.fr/cahrlie/sounds/54_sentence.wav">54</a>):</p>
      <p> <font face="silDoulos IPA93, SILDoulosIPA, IPAPhon">o</font><sup>33</sup>
      <font face="silDoulos IPA93, SILDoulosIPA, IPAPhon">kHi</font><sup>44</sup>
      <font face="silDoulos IPA93, SILDoulosIPA, IPAPhon">Noi</font><sup>33</sup>
      <font face="silDoulos IPA93, SILDoulosIPA, IPAPhon">koN</font><sup>44</sup>
      <font face="silDoulos IPA93, SILDoulosIPA, IPAPhon">ho0iº</font><sup>35</sup>
      <font face="silDoulos IPA93, SILDoulosIPA, IPAPhon">san</font><sup>33</sup>
      <font face="silDoulos IPA93, SILDoulosIPA, IPAPhon">va˘</font><sup>35</sup>
      <font face="silDoulos IPA93, SILDoulosIPA, IPAPhon">o</font><sup>33</sup>
      <font face="silDoulos IPA93, SILDoulosIPA, IPAPhon">hok|</font><sup>41</sup>
      <font face="silDoulos IPA93, SILDoulosIPA, IPAPhon">hau</font><sup>41</sup>
      <font face="silDoulos IPA93, SILDoulosIPA, IPAPhon">Noi</font><sup>33</sup>
      <font face="silDoulos IPA93, SILDoulosIPA, IPAPhon">koN</font><sup>44</sup>
      <font face="silDoulos IPA93, SILDoulosIPA, IPAPhon">jEn</font><sup>33</sup>
      <font face="silDoulos IPA93, SILDoulosIPA, IPAPhon">mu˘n</font><sup>35</sup></p>
      <p>‘At home I speak Toisan, at school I speak English.’</p>
      

   
    <div align="center">
      <hr size="1" width="100%">
      <a href="http://membres.lycos.fr/cahrlie/sections/allophones.html">&lt;-- Previous</a> | <a href="http://membres.lycos.fr/cahrlie/index.html">Index</a>
      | <a href="http://membres.lycos.fr/cahrlie/sections/bibliography.html">Next --&gt;</a><br><br><br></div><br></div><br></div><br>

penkyamp 發表於 2008-8-6 12:57:28

<font color="orange" size="7"><center>Romanization</center><font color="black" size="3">This
dictionary will use english letters in order to code for Hoisanese
words, the following is a list of how the sounds will appear in the
dictionary:<br>a - pronounced like the "a" sound in crawl<br>au - pronounced like the "au" sound in cow<br>ai - pronounced like the "ai" sound in I<br>b - pronounced like the "b" sound in bat<br>ch - pronounced like the "ch" sound in chart<br>d - pronounced like the "d" sound in dog<br>e - pronounced like the "e" sound in met<br>ei - pronounced like the "ei" sound in weigh<br>eu - pronounced as a combination of the sounds "e"(as in met) and "u" as in moo<br>f - pronounced like the "f" sound in fun<br>g - pronounced like the "g" sound in goat<br>h - pronounced like the "h" sound in heavy<br>i - pronounced like the "i" sound in see<br>iu - pronounced as a combination between the "i" sound(as in meet) and the "u" sound(as in shoe)<br>j - pronounced as the "j" sound in juice<br>k - pronounced as the "k" sound in camera<br>l - pronounced as the "l" sound in laser<br>m - pronounced as the "m" sound in maybe<br>n - pronounced as the "n" sound in night<br>ng - pronounced like the word pong without the po at the beginning<br>o - pronounced like the "o" sound in cold<br>oi - pronounced as the "oi" sound in join<br>ou - pronounced as the "ou" sound in groan<br>p - pronounced like the "p" sound in play<br>s - pronounced like the "s" sound in sooth<br>t - pronounced like the "t" sound in tap<br>thl
- pronounced by opening the mouth slightly with top and bottom teeth a
little bit apart then pressing the tongue against your top teeth and
forcing air out from the sides of your mouth, it should almost sound
like a combination of the "th" sound(as in thick) and the "l" sound(as
in lick)<br>u - pronounced like the "u" sound in boom<br>ui - pronounced like the "ui" sound in buoy<br>v - pronounced less harshly than the "v" sound in vacuum<br>w - pronounced like the "w" sound in whale<br>y - pronounced like the "y" sound in yam</font><br><a href="http://asianworld.pftq.com/hpronunciation.php"><font size="3">Learn How to Pronunce these Sounds when put into Words</font></a><br><br></font><font color="red" size="7"><center>Tones</center></font><font color="black" size="3">Hoisanese has 5 main tones to it. The tones go as follows:<br>1)high tone<br>2)middle tone<br>3)low tone<br>4)high falling tone<br>5)low falling tone<br>Do
not confuse "tones" with the tones of a musical instrument. Tone does
not mean a certain musical pitch such as "middle c." Tone refers to the
contour that your voice goes.<br>An example of this is the word for
good, "ho1"(remember to use this site's romanization rules for
pronunciation). "ho1" tells us that the word "ho" has a tone of 1.
looking back at our tone list we see that a 1 tone is a high tone. this
does not mean say "ho" as high as your voice can go, it simply means to
say ho with a high tone but not one that is uncomfortable to use in
everyday language.<br>A good way to think of tones is by thinking of
english. In english when you ask a question your voice rises in pitch,
right? like if you say "what?!" your voice is high. this is what tones
are meant by. it is talking about pitches in your voice that are normal
for everyday speaking. Therefore:<br><br>1 tone is high, meaning say
the word in a high tone. try saying the word "excellent" notice that
the "ex" part in excellent is higher than the cellent. the "ex" in
"excellent" is the tone of 1 tone.<br><br>2 tone is middle tone. try
saying "piano" the "pi" part is middle tone. this means that a word of
2 tone should be said at the same pitch as the "pi" part in "piano"<br><br>3
tone is low tone. this is like saying the "no" part in "piano." the
word piano is an excellent example for tones. if you say piano you
notice that the "pi" is about in the middle pitchwise and the "an" is
said higher than the "pi". the "an" is like 1 tone. the "no" is said
lowest of all and is like the 3 tone.<br>Here is where things get more complicated:4 and 5 tone.<br><br>4
tone is high falling. this means that you would start off with your
voice at 1 tone and naturally fall in pitch. an example of this is when
people say "ugh" if you say "ugh" out loud, notice that your voice
pitch falls. the pitch that your voice says "ugh" at is almost exactly
4 tone.<br><br>5 tone is the exact same concept as 4 tone, the only difference is that your starting point, instead of being 1 tone, is 2 tone.<br><br>Some practice to help you understand the concept of tones follows:<br>1)hau1 means mouth<br>2)hau2 means steal<br>3)hau3 means head<br>4)hau4 means after/back(go into more intense detail of this word in the dictionary)<br>5)hau5 means thick<br><br>The
above is a great example of showing how not only sound plays a part in
hoisanese but so does the tone of your voice. practice with the word
hau and master all 5 tones, then move on to the grammar lesson.</font><br><a href="http://asianworld.pftq.com/wiki/"><font size="3">View the Dictionary!</font></a><br><br><span class="nav"><img src="http://asianworld.pftq.com/forum/Themes/babylon/images/icons/folder_open.gif" alt="+" border="0">&nbsp; <b><a href="http://asianworld.pftq.com/forum/index.php" class="nav">Hoisan Sanctuary Forums</a></b><br><img src="http://asianworld.pftq.com/forum/Themes/babylon/images/icons/linktree_side.gif" alt="|-" border="0"><img src="http://asianworld.pftq.com/forum/Themes/babylon/images/icons/folder_open.gif" alt="+" border="0">&nbsp; <b><a href="http://asianworld.pftq.com/forum/index.php#1" class="nav">General Category</a></b><br><img src="http://asianworld.pftq.com/forum/Themes/babylon/images/icons/linktree_main.gif" alt="| " border="0"><img src="http://asianworld.pftq.com/forum/Themes/babylon/images/icons/linktree_side.gif" alt="|-" border="0"><img src="http://asianworld.pftq.com/forum/Themes/babylon/images/icons/folder_open.gif" alt="+" border="0">&nbsp; <b><a href="http://asianworld.pftq.com/forum/index.php?board=2.0" class="nav">Language Discussion</a></b></span>
                       
               
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                                                <span id="msg_183"><a href="http://asianworld.pftq.com/forum/index.php?topic=26.0">names in hoisanwa</a></span>
                                                <span class="smalltext" id="pages183"></span>
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                                                <a href="http://asianworld.pftq.com/forum/index.php?action=profile;u=61" title="View the profile of joelfetzer">joelfetzer</a>
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                                                <a href="http://asianworld.pftq.com/forum/index.php?topic=26.msg185#new"><img src="http://asianworld.pftq.com/forum/Themes/babylon/images/icons/last_post.gif" alt="Last post" title="Last post" style="float: right;" border="0"></a>

                                                July 24, 2008, 06:00:24 PM<br>
                                                by <a href="http://asianworld.pftq.com/forum/index.php?action=profile;u=61">joelfetzer</a>
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                                                <span id="msg_92"><a href="http://asianworld.pftq.com/forum/index.php?topic=14.0">What is your Background?</a></span>
                                                <span class="smalltext" id="pages92">« <a href="http://asianworld.pftq.com/forum/index.php?topic=14.0">1</a> <a href="http://asianworld.pftq.com/forum/index.php?topic=14.15">2</a> »</span>
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                                                <a href="http://asianworld.pftq.com/forum/index.php?action=profile;u=14" title="View the profile of hung_doy">hung_doy</a>
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                                                1010
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                                                June 08, 2008, 12:01:29 AM<br>
                                                by <a href="http://asianworld.pftq.com/forum/index.php?action=profile;u=2">Aycweugsiqkommok</a>
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                                                <span id="msg_162"><a href="http://asianworld.pftq.com/forum/index.php?topic=23.0">Hoisanese-English Dictionary in Print and sold in Hong Kong</a></span>
                                                <span class="smalltext" id="pages162"></span>
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                                                May 07, 2008, 04:20:59 AM<br>
                                                by <a href="http://asianworld.pftq.com/forum/index.php?action=profile;u=53">dennisyee</a>
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                                                <span id="msg_174"><a href="http://asianworld.pftq.com/forum/index.php?topic=25.0">Hoisan TV SHOWS???</a></span>
                                                <span class="smalltext" id="pages174"></span>
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                                                <a href="http://asianworld.pftq.com/forum/index.php?topic=25.msg177#new"><img src="http://asianworld.pftq.com/forum/Themes/babylon/images/icons/last_post.gif" alt="Last post" title="Last post" style="float: right;" border="0"></a>

                                                April 26, 2008, 09:02:07 PM<br>
                                                by <a href="http://asianworld.pftq.com/forum/index.php?action=profile;u=2">Aycweugsiqkommok</a>
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                                                <span id="msg_170"><a href="http://asianworld.pftq.com/forum/index.php?topic=24.0">Hoisan Chat anyone?</a></span>
                                                <span class="smalltext" id="pages170"></span>
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                                                <a href="http://asianworld.pftq.com/forum/index.php?action=profile;u=51" title="View the profile of vooymoon">vooymoon</a>
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                                                April 17, 2008, 07:13:04 PM<br>
                                                by <a href="http://asianworld.pftq.com/forum/index.php?action=profile;u=52">hoisan_doi</a>
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                                        </td>
                                        <td align="center" valign="middle" width="4%">
                                                <img src="http://asianworld.pftq.com/forum/Themes/babylon/images/post/xx.gif" alt="">
                                        </td>
                                        <td class="windowbg" valign="middle">
                                                <span id="msg_144"><a href="http://asianworld.pftq.com/forum/index.php?topic=19.0">Tutorial </a></span>
                                                <span class="smalltext" id="pages144"></span>
                                        </td>
                                        <td valign="middle" width="14%">
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                                        </td>
                                        <td class="windowbg" align="center" valign="middle" width="4%">
                                                1
                                        </td>
                                        <td class="windowbg" align="center" valign="middle" width="4%">
                                                165
                                        </td>
                                        <td class="smalltext" valign="middle" width="22%">
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                                                December 10, 2007, 09:47:02 AM<br>
                                                by <a href="http://asianworld.pftq.com/forum/index.php?action=profile;u=27">Woo</a>
                                        </td>
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                                <tr class="windowbg2">
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                                                <img src="http://asianworld.pftq.com/forum/Themes/babylon/images/topic/normal_post.gif" alt="">
                                        </td>
                                        <td align="center" valign="middle" width="4%">
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                                        </td>
                                        <td class="windowbg" valign="middle">
                                                <span id="msg_154"><a href="http://asianworld.pftq.com/forum/index.php?topic=22.0">Five tonal meanings of "hoy"</a></span>
                                                <span class="smalltext" id="pages154"></span>
                                        </td>
                                        <td valign="middle" width="14%">
                                                <a href="http://asianworld.pftq.com/forum/index.php?action=profile;u=44" title="View the profile of kiejan">kiejan</a>
                                        </td>
                                        <td class="windowbg" align="center" valign="middle" width="4%">
                                                1
                                        </td>
                                        <td class="windowbg" align="center" valign="middle" width="4%">
                                                161
                                        </td>
                                        <td class="smalltext" valign="middle" width="22%">
                                                <a href="http://asianworld.pftq.com/forum/index.php?topic=22.msg163#new"><img src="http://asianworld.pftq.com/forum/Themes/babylon/images/icons/last_post.gif" alt="Last post" title="Last post" style="float: right;" border="0"></a>

                                                December 01, 2007, 07:17:17 AM<br>
                                                by <a href="http://asianworld.pftq.com/forum/index.php?action=profile;u=2">Aycweugsiqkommok</a>
                                        </td>
                                </tr>
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                                        </td>
                                        <td align="center" valign="middle" width="4%">
                                                <img src="http://asianworld.pftq.com/forum/Themes/babylon/images/post/xx.gif" alt="">
                                        </td>
                                        <td class="windowbg" valign="middle">
                                                <span id="msg_3"><a href="http://asianworld.pftq.com/forum/index.php?topic=3.0">Thlam Bat style hoisanese</a></span>
                                                <span class="smalltext" id="pages3">« <a href="http://asianworld.pftq.com/forum/index.php?topic=3.0">1</a> <a href="http://asianworld.pftq.com/forum/index.php?topic=3.15">2</a> »</span>
                                        </td>
                                        <td valign="middle" width="14%">
                                                <a href="http://asianworld.pftq.com/forum/index.php?action=profile;u=2" title="View the profile of Aycweugsiqkommok">Aycweugsiqkommok</a>
                                        </td>
                                        <td class="windowbg" align="center" valign="middle" width="4%">
                                                18
                                        </td>
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                                                1199
                                        </td>
                                        <td class="smalltext" valign="middle" width="22%">
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                                                November 22, 2007, 05:58:07 AM<br>
                                                by <a href="http://asianworld.pftq.com/forum/index.php?action=profile;u=47">ThreeTrees</a>
                                        </td>
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                                        </td>
                                        <td align="center" valign="middle" width="4%">
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                                        </td>
                                        <td class="windowbg" valign="middle">
                                                <span id="msg_152"><a href="http://asianworld.pftq.com/forum/index.php?topic=21.0">Different accents in the Hoisan dialect</a></span>
                                                <span class="smalltext" id="pages152"></span>
                                        </td>
                                        <td valign="middle" width="14%">
                                                <a href="http://asianworld.pftq.com/forum/index.php?action=profile;u=44" title="View the profile of kiejan">kiejan</a>
                                        </td>
                                        <td class="windowbg" align="center" valign="middle" width="4%">
                                                1
                                        </td>
                                        <td class="windowbg" align="center" valign="middle" width="4%">
                                                158
                                        </td>
                                        <td class="smalltext" valign="middle" width="22%">
                                                <a href="http://asianworld.pftq.com/forum/index.php?topic=21.msg158#new"><img src="http://asianworld.pftq.com/forum/Themes/babylon/images/icons/last_post.gif" alt="Last post" title="Last post" style="float: right;" border="0"></a>

                                                November 07, 2007, 06:08:09 AM<br>
                                                by <a href="http://asianworld.pftq.com/forum/index.php?action=profile;u=14">hung_doy</a>
                                        </td>
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                                <tr class="windowbg2">
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                                                <img src="http://asianworld.pftq.com/forum/Themes/babylon/images/topic/normal_post.gif" alt="">
                                        </td>
                                        <td align="center" valign="middle" width="4%">
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                                        </td>
                                        <td class="windowbg" valign="middle">
                                                <span id="msg_149"><a href="http://asianworld.pftq.com/forum/index.php?topic=20.0">Chinese kinship titles, in Hoisan, Cantonese, and Mandarin</a></span>
                                                <span class="smalltext" id="pages149"></span>
                                        </td>
                                        <td valign="middle" width="14%">
                                                <a href="http://asianworld.pftq.com/forum/index.php?action=profile;u=44" title="View the profile of kiejan">kiejan</a>
                                        </td>
                                        <td class="windowbg" align="center" valign="middle" width="4%">
                                                1
                                        </td>
                                        <td class="windowbg" align="center" valign="middle" width="4%">
                                                135
                                        </td>
                                        <td class="smalltext" valign="middle" width="22%">
                                                <a href="http://asianworld.pftq.com/forum/index.php?topic=20.msg156#new"><img src="http://asianworld.pftq.com/forum/Themes/babylon/images/icons/last_post.gif" alt="Last post" title="Last post" style="float: right;" border="0"></a>

                                                October 19, 2007, 07:04:50 AM<br>
                                                by <a href="http://asianworld.pftq.com/forum/index.php?action=profile;u=29">Ah Gin</a>
                                        </td>
                                </tr>
                                <tr class="windowbg2">
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                                                <img src="http://asianworld.pftq.com/forum/Themes/babylon/images/topic/normal_post.gif" alt="">
                                        </td>
                                        <td align="center" valign="middle" width="4%">
                                                <img src="http://asianworld.pftq.com/forum/Themes/babylon/images/post/xx.gif" alt="">
                                        </td>
                                        <td class="windowbg" valign="middle">
                                                <span id="msg_91"><a href="http://asianworld.pftq.com/forum/index.php?topic=13.0">Food</a></span>
                                                <span class="smalltext" id="pages91"></span>
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                                        <td valign="middle" width="14%">
                                                <a href="http://asianworld.pftq.com/forum/index.php?action=profile;u=14" title="View the profile of hung_doy">hung_doy</a>
                                        </td>
                                        <td class="windowbg" align="center" valign="middle" width="4%">
                                                14
                                        </td>
                                        <td class="windowbg" align="center" valign="middle" width="4%">
                                                522
                                        </td>
                                        <td class="smalltext" valign="middle" width="22%">
                                                <a href="http://asianworld.pftq.com/forum/index.php?topic=13.msg155#new"><img src="http://asianworld.pftq.com/forum/Themes/babylon/images/icons/last_post.gif" alt="Last post" title="Last post" style="float: right;" border="0"></a>

                                                October 18, 2007, 09:10:48 PM<br>
                                                by <a href="http://asianworld.pftq.com/forum/index.php?action=profile;u=44">kiejan</a>
                                        </td>
                                </tr>
                                <tr class="windowbg2">
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                                        </td>
                                        <td align="center" valign="middle" width="4%">
                                                <img src="http://asianworld.pftq.com/forum/Themes/babylon/images/post/xx.gif" alt="">
                                        </td>
                                        <td class="windowbg" valign="middle">
                                                <span id="msg_84"><a href="http://asianworld.pftq.com/forum/index.php?topic=12.0">Cultural information and resources</a></span>
                                                <span class="smalltext" id="pages84"></span>
                                        </td>
                                        <td valign="middle" width="14%">
                                                <a href="http://asianworld.pftq.com/forum/index.php?action=profile;u=22" title="View the profile of yomar295">yomar295</a>
                                        </td>
                                        <td class="windowbg" align="center" valign="middle" width="4%">
                                                1
                                        </td>
                                        <td class="windowbg" align="center" valign="middle" width="4%">
                                                238
                                        </td>
                                        <td class="smalltext" valign="middle" width="22%">
                                                <a href="http://asianworld.pftq.com/forum/index.php?topic=12.msg153#new"><img src="http://asianworld.pftq.com/forum/Themes/babylon/images/icons/last_post.gif" alt="Last post" title="Last post" style="float: right;" border="0"></a>

                                                October 18, 2007, 08:51:48 PM<br>
                                                by <a href="http://asianworld.pftq.com/forum/index.php?action=profile;u=44">kiejan</a>
                                        </td>
                                </tr>
                                <tr class="windowbg2">
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                                                <img src="http://asianworld.pftq.com/forum/Themes/babylon/images/topic/normal_post.gif" alt="">
                                        </td>
                                        <td align="center" valign="middle" width="4%">
                                                <img src="http://asianworld.pftq.com/forum/Themes/babylon/images/post/xx.gif" alt="">
                                        </td>
                                        <td class="windowbg" valign="middle">
                                                <span id="msg_119"><a href="http://asianworld.pftq.com/forum/index.php?topic=17.0">Travelling in hoisan</a></span>
                                                <span class="smalltext" id="pages119"></span>
                                        </td>
                                        <td valign="middle" width="14%">
                                                <a href="http://asianworld.pftq.com/forum/index.php?action=profile;u=36" title="View the profile of CBC Wong">CBC Wong</a>
                                        </td>
                                        <td class="windowbg" align="center" valign="middle" width="4%">
                                                4
                                        </td>
                                        <td class="windowbg" align="center" valign="middle" width="4%">
                                                374
                                        </td>
                                        <td class="smalltext" valign="middle" width="22%">
                                                <a href="http://asianworld.pftq.com/forum/index.php?topic=17.msg150#new"><img src="http://asianworld.pftq.com/forum/Themes/babylon/images/icons/last_post.gif" alt="Last post" title="Last post" style="float: right;" border="0"></a>

                                                October 18, 2007, 08:31:08 PM<br>
                                                by <a href="http://asianworld.pftq.com/forum/index.php?action=profile;u=44">kiejan</a>
                                        </td>
                                </tr>
                                <tr class="windowbg2">
                                        <td align="center" valign="middle" width="5%">
                                                <img src="http://asianworld.pftq.com/forum/Themes/babylon/images/topic/normal_post.gif" alt="">
                                        </td>
                                        <td align="center" valign="middle" width="4%">
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                                        </td>
                                        <td class="windowbg" valign="middle">
                                                <span id="msg_34"><a href="http://asianworld.pftq.com/forum/index.php?topic=9.0">AIYA!!</a></span>
                                                <span class="smalltext" id="pages34"></span>
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                                        <td valign="middle" width="14%">
                                                <a href="http://asianworld.pftq.com/forum/index.php?action=profile;u=19" title="View the profile of VJtheDJ">VJtheDJ</a>
                                        </td>
                                        <td class="windowbg" align="center" valign="middle" width="4%">
                                                5
                                        </td>
                                        <td class="windowbg" align="center" valign="middle" width="4%">
                                                543
                                        </td>
                                        <td class="smalltext" valign="middle" width="22%">
                                                <a href="http://asianworld.pftq.com/forum/index.php?topic=9.msg147#new"><img src="http://asianworld.pftq.com/forum/Themes/babylon/images/icons/last_post.gif" alt="Last post" title="Last post" style="float: right;" border="0"></a>

                                                October 10, 2007, 11:37:50 AM<br>
                                                by <a href="http://asianworld.pftq.com/forum/index.php?action=profile;u=43">henry</a>
                                        </td>
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                                <tr class="windowbg2">
                                        <td align="center" valign="middle" width="5%">
                                                <img src="http://asianworld.pftq.com/forum/Themes/babylon/images/topic/veryhot_post.gif" alt="">
                                        </td>
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                                        </td>
                                        <td class="windowbg" valign="middle">
                                                <span id="msg_8"><a href="http://asianworld.pftq.com/forum/index.php?topic=8.0">Gone "Home"?</a></span>
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                                        </td>
                                        <td valign="middle" width="14%">
                                                <a href="http://asianworld.pftq.com/forum/index.php?action=profile;u=14" title="View the profile of hung_doy">hung_doy</a>
                                        </td>
                                        <td class="windowbg" align="center" valign="middle" width="4%">
                                                33
                                        </td>
                                        <td class="windowbg" align="center" valign="middle" width="4%">
                                                1676
                                        </td>
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                                                September 19, 2007, 04:45:50 PM<br>
                                                by <a href="http://asianworld.pftq.com/forum/index.php?action=profile;u=41">Piggy</a>
                                        </td>
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                                <tr class="windowbg2">
                                        <td align="center" valign="middle" width="5%">
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                                        <td align="center" valign="middle" width="4%">
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                                        </td>
                                        <td class="windowbg" valign="middle">
                                                <span id="msg_98"><a href="http://asianworld.pftq.com/forum/index.php?topic=16.0">Taishanese v. Korean</a></span>
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                                        <td valign="middle" width="14%">
                                                <a href="http://asianworld.pftq.com/forum/index.php?action=profile;u=35" title="View the profile of Pan Can Rong">Pan Can Rong</a>
                                        </td>
                                        <td class="windowbg" align="center" valign="middle" width="4%">
                                                2
                                        </td>
                                        <td class="windowbg" align="center" valign="middle" width="4%">
                                                271
                                        </td>
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                                                <a href="http://asianworld.pftq.com/forum/index.php?topic=16.msg133#new"><img src="http://asianworld.pftq.com/forum/Themes/babylon/images/icons/last_post.gif" alt="Last post" title="Last post" style="float: right;" border="0"></a>

                                                August 31, 2007, 05:22:35 AM<br>
                                                by <a href="http://asianworld.pftq.com/forum/index.php?action=profile;u=2">Aycweugsiqkommok</a>
                                        </td>
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                                <tr class="windowbg2">
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                                        </td>
                                        <td class="windowbg" valign="middle">
                                                <span id="msg_50"><a href="http://asianworld.pftq.com/forum/index.php?topic=11.0">Hoisan spoken in South America</a></span>
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                                        <td valign="middle" width="14%">
                                                <a href="http://asianworld.pftq.com/forum/index.php?action=profile;u=25" title="View the profile of liet8coa">liet8coa</a>
                                        </td>
                                        <td class="windowbg" align="center" valign="middle" width="4%">
                                                3
                                        </td>
                                        <td class="windowbg" align="center" valign="middle" width="4%">
                                                416
                                        </td>
                                        <td class="smalltext" valign="middle" width="22%">
                                                <a href="http://asianworld.pftq.com/forum/index.php?topic=11.msg107#new"><img src="http://asianworld.pftq.com/forum/Themes/babylon/images/icons/last_post.gif" alt="Last post" title="Last post" style="float: right;" border="0"></a>

                                                July 14, 2007, 05:52:51 AM<br>
                                                by <a href="http://asianworld.pftq.com/forum/index.php?action=profile;u=14">hung_doy</a></td></tr></tbody></table><br>

penkyamp 發表於 2008-8-6 13:00:47

<p><u><font size="5">Toisan Dialect Page</font></u></p>

<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>Toisan (Taishan) is a district in central southwest Gwongdung
(Guangdong) Province, China. The general dialect group spoken there is
Toisaan Dialect, which has minor variations throughout the district and
is akin and understood by dialect speakers in four neighboring
districts. It is an extremely important dialect, since it is usually
understood in overseas Chinese communities in the West.</p>

<p><u><font size="5">Tones</font></u></p>

<p>There are 6 tones heard in Toisanese, although Tone 2 is generally
used for saying characters when they stand alone (i.e., tone sandhi).</p>

<center><table border="1" cellpadding="7" cellspacing="1" width="472">
<tbody><tr><td valign="top" width="19%">
<p><b>Toisan Tone</b></p></td>
<td valign="top" width="20%">
<p><b>Pitch</b></p></td>
<td valign="top" width="32%">
<p><b>Cantonese Tone</b></p></td>
<td valign="top" width="29%">
<p><b>Pitch</b></p></td>
</tr>
<tr><td valign="top" width="19%">
<p>1</p></td>
<td valign="top" width="20%">
<p>55</p></td>
<td valign="top" width="32%">
<p>1</p></td>
<td valign="top" width="29%">
<p>55 or 53</p></td>
</tr>
<tr><td valign="top" width="19%">
<p>2</p></td>
<td valign="top" width="20%">
<p>35 </p></td>
<td valign="top" width="32%">
<p>2</p></td>
<td valign="top" width="29%">
<p>35</p></td>
</tr>
<tr><td valign="top" width="19%">
<p>3</p></td>
<td valign="top" width="20%">
<p>33</p></td>
<td valign="top" width="32%">
<p>3</p></td>
<td valign="top" width="29%">
<p>33</p></td>
</tr>
<tr><td valign="top" width="19%">
<p>4</p></td>
<td valign="top" width="20%">
<p>21</p></td>
<td valign="top" width="32%">
<p>4</p></td>
<td valign="top" width="29%">
<p>21</p></td>
</tr>
<tr><td valign="top" width="19%">
<p><b>5*</b></p></td>
<td valign="top" width="20%">
<p><b>11</b></p></td>
<td valign="top" width="32%">
<p>5</p></td>
<td valign="top" width="29%">
<p>13</p></td>
</tr>
<tr><td valign="top" width="19%">
<p>6</p></td>
<td valign="top" width="20%">
<p>22</p></td>
<td valign="top" width="32%">
<p>6</p></td>
<td valign="top" width="29%">
<p>22</p></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</center>


<p>*Tone 5 in Toisan dialect is not formally found in Cantonese</p>
<p>An introduction to tones is found <font size="3">at </font><a href="http://www.glossika.com/en/dict/tones/tutorial.php"><font size="3">http://www.glossika.com/en/dict/tones/tutorial.php</font></a><font size="3"> .</font></p>

<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><u><font size="5">Words</font></u></p>

<p>The pronunciations in this chart use the JyutPing romanization system:</p>

<table border="1" cellpadding="7" cellspacing="1" width="590">
<tbody><tr><td valign="top" width="25%">
<p>Chinese Word / Dialect Word</p></td>
<td valign="top" width="25%">
<p>Toisan Word</p></td>
<td valign="top" width="25%">
<p>Cantonese Word</p></td>
<td valign="top" width="25%">
<p>English meaning</p></td>
</tr>
<tr><td valign="top" width="25%">
<p>我</p></td>
<td valign="top" width="25%">
<p>Ngoi3</p></td>
<td valign="top" width="25%">
<p>Ngo5</p></td>
<td valign="top" width="25%">
<p>I, me</p></td>
</tr>
<tr><td valign="top" width="25%">
<p>你</p></td>
<td valign="top" width="25%">
<p>Nei3</p></td>
<td valign="top" width="25%">
<p>Nei5</p></td>
<td valign="top" width="25%">
<p>You</p></td>
</tr>
<tr><td valign="top" width="25%">
<p>佢 (他)</p></td>
<td valign="top" width="25%">
<p>Kui3</p></td>
<td valign="top" width="25%">
<p>Keoi5</p></td>
<td valign="top" width="25%">
<p>He, she, him, her, it</p></td>
</tr>
<tr><td valign="top" width="25%">
<p>我地 (我們)</p></td>
<td valign="top" width="25%">
<p>Ngoi<b>5</b></p></td>
<td valign="top" width="25%">
<p>Ngo5 dei6</p></td>
<td valign="top" width="25%">
<p>We, us</p></td>
</tr>
<tr><td valign="top" width="25%">
<p>你地 (你們)</p></td>
<td valign="top" width="25%">
<p>Njek<b>5</b></p></td>
<td valign="top" width="25%">
<p>Nei5 dei6</p></td>
<td valign="top" width="25%">
<p>You (plural)</p></td>
</tr>
<tr><td valign="top" width="25%">
<p>佢地 (他們)</p></td>
<td valign="top" width="25%">
<p>Kjek<b>5</b></p></td>
<td valign="top" width="25%">
<p>Keoi5 dei6 </p></td>
<td valign="top" width="25%">
<p>They, them</p></td>
</tr>
<tr><td valign="top" width="25%">
<p>有</p></td>
<td valign="top" width="25%">
<p>Jiu3</p></td>
<td valign="top" width="25%">
<p>Jau5</p></td>
<td valign="top" width="25%">
<p>To have</p></td>
</tr>
<tr><td valign="top" width="25%">
<p>冇 (沒有)</p></td>
<td valign="top" width="25%">
<p>Mou3</p></td>
<td valign="top" width="25%">
<p>Mou5</p></td>
<td valign="top" width="25%">
<p>To have not, not, no</p></td>
</tr>
<tr><td valign="top" width="25%">
<p>去</p></td>
<td valign="top" width="25%">
<p>Hui3</p></td>
<td valign="top" width="25%">
<p>Heoi3</p></td>
<td valign="top" width="25%">
<p>To go</p></td>
</tr>
<tr><td valign="top" width="25%">
<p><font face="Arial Unicode MS" lang="JA">來</font></p></td>
<td valign="top" width="25%">
<p>Lwoi4</p></td>
<td valign="top" width="25%">
<p>Lai4 / loi4</p></td>
<td valign="top" width="25%">
<p>To come</p></td>
</tr>
<tr><td valign="top" width="25%">
<p><font face="Arial Unicode MS" lang="JA">食</font> (<font face="Arial Unicode MS" lang="JA">吃</font>)</p></td>
<td valign="top" width="25%">
<p>Hjek3 (<font face="Arial Unicode MS" lang="JA">吃</font>)</p></td>
<td valign="top" width="25%">
<p>Sik6</p></td>
<td valign="top" width="25%">
<p>To eat</p></td>
</tr>
<tr><td valign="top" width="25%">
<p><font face="Arial Unicode MS" lang="JA">野</font> (<font face="Arial Unicode MS" lang="JA">東西</font>)</p></td>
<td valign="top" width="25%">
<p>Jie3</p></td>
<td valign="top" width="25%">
<p>Je5</p></td>
<td valign="top" width="25%">
<p>Thing</p></td>
</tr>
<tr><td valign="top" width="25%">
<p><font face="Arial Unicode MS" lang="JA">飲</font></p></td>
<td valign="top" width="25%">
<p>Ngim1</p></td>
<td valign="top" width="25%">
<p>Jam2</p></td>
<td valign="top" width="25%">
<p>To drink</p></td>
</tr>
<tr><td valign="top" width="25%">
<p><font face="Arial Unicode MS" lang="JA">行</font></p></td>
<td valign="top" width="25%">
<p>Haang4</p></td>
<td valign="top" width="25%">
<p>Haang4</p></td>
<td valign="top" width="25%">
<p>To walk</p></td>
</tr>
<tr><td valign="top" width="25%">
<p><font face="Arial Unicode MS" lang="JA">走</font> (<font face="Arial Unicode MS" lang="JA">砲</font>)</p></td>
<td valign="top" width="25%">
<p>Daei1, deuu1</p></td>
<td valign="top" width="25%">
<p>Zau2</p></td>
<td valign="top" width="25%">
<p>To run, to leave</p></td>
</tr>
<tr><td valign="top" width="25%">
<p><font face="Arial Unicode MS" lang="JA">砲</font></p></td>
<td valign="top" width="25%">
<p>Pou1</p></td>
<td valign="top" width="25%">
<p>Paau2</p></td>
<td valign="top" width="25%">
<p>To run</p></td>
</tr>
<tr><td valign="top" width="25%">
<p><font face="Arial Unicode MS" lang="JA">坐</font></p></td>
<td valign="top" width="25%">
<p>Tuo3</p></td>
<td valign="top" width="25%">
<p>Co5</p></td>
<td valign="top" width="25%">
<p>To sit</p></td>
</tr>
<tr><td valign="top" width="25%">
<p><font face="Arial Unicode MS" lang="JA">企</font> (<font face="Arial Unicode MS" lang="JA">立</font>)</p></td>
<td valign="top" width="25%">
<p>Kei3</p></td>
<td valign="top" width="25%">
<p>Kei5</p></td>
<td valign="top" width="25%">
<p>To stand</p></td>
</tr>
<tr><td valign="top" width="25%">
<p><font face="Arial Unicode MS" lang="JA">屋</font></p></td>
<td valign="top" width="25%">
<p>Oek1</p></td>
<td valign="top" width="25%">
<p>Uk1</p></td>
<td valign="top" width="25%">
<p>House</p></td>
</tr>
<tr><td valign="top" width="25%">
<p><font face="Arial Unicode MS" lang="JA">房</font> (<font face="Arial Unicode MS" lang="JA">房</font> <font face="Arial Unicode MS" lang="JA">間</font>)</p></td>
<td valign="top" width="25%">
<p>Fong4 / fong5**</p></td>
<td valign="top" width="25%">
<p>Fong4 / fong2</p></td>
<td valign="top" width="25%">
<p>Room</p></td>
</tr>
<tr><td valign="top" width="25%">
<p><font face="Arial Unicode MS" lang="JA">一二三</font></p></td>
<td valign="top" width="25%">
<p>Jit1 ngei6 </p>
<p>Tlaam3 ***</p></td>
<td valign="top" width="25%">
<p>Jat1 ji6</p>
<p>Saam1</p></td>
<td valign="top" width="25%">
<p>One, two, three</p></td>
</tr>
<tr><td valign="top" width="25%">
<p><font face="Arial Unicode MS" lang="JA">四五六</font></p></td>
<td valign="top" width="25%">
<p>Tlei3 m1 loek6****</p></td>
<td valign="top" width="25%">&nbsp;</td>
<td valign="top" width="25%">&nbsp;</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>


<p>**this tone becomes pitch 14 or 15 when the word stands alone or at the end of a phrase</p>
<p>***thetl- sound is like saying t and l at the same time, with fricative, but the plosiveness oftis not heard</p>
<p>**** the-oe- sound is more closed and less rounded sound, compared to HK -oe- , which is more rounded and more open</p><p><br></p><p><br></p><p>http://www.geocities.com/reformer5/toisan.html<br></p>

penkyamp 發表於 2008-8-6 13:05:20

<a href="http://www.taishanba.com/category.php?cid=1"><span>本地</span></a>
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                        <a href="http://www.taishanba.com/show.php?tid=13" target="_blank"><h1>台山话也来八级考试</h1></a>
                        <p class="pb_box_left_show"><img src="http://www.taishanba.com/images/avatars/portrait/20.gif" alt="yushanli" class="small_user_avatar"></p>
                        <p class="pb_box_right_show"><a href="http://www.taishanba.com/user.php?uid=2">yushanli</a>发表于<span class="d">28天 16小时 1分钟前</span><br>来源:<a href="http://www.taishanba.com/" target="_blank">www.taishanba.com</a>&nbsp;标签:无</p>
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                                <p><strong>单项选择(每题5分)</strong> <br>1、去剧企 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;A.去看戏&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; B.去他家&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; C.靠边站&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; D.罚站 <br><br>2、好台,哇下 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;A.好看!喝彩&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;B.好痛,大叫&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;C. 好累,大叫&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;D.好痒,挠一挠 <br><br>3、妖饭 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;A.盛饭&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;B.含着饭&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; C.煮饭&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; D.要饭 <br><br>4、翻管 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;A.上班&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;B.上学&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;C.回家&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;D.去派出所 <br><br>5、走煤 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;A.倒霉&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;B.走开点&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; C.靠近点&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;D.吃亏 <br><br>6、靠莫 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;A.这样吗&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;B.靠不住&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;C.靠你了&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;D.好吗 <br><br>7、到拧 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;A.到了&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; B.到没&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; C.到时&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; D.在那里 <br><br>8、确 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;A.惨了&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;B.确定了&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; C.看不起的意思&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; D.佩服的意思 <br><br>9、老蕉 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp; A.很拽&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; B.老男人&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; C.很有经验&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; D.老师 <br><br>10、啱爽 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; A.不开心&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; B.恰好&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; C.高兴&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; D.对了 <br><br>11、偶噶,表示 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; A.我的&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;B.他的&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;C.醒目&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;D.傻的 <br><br>12、「几浩」是什么意思? <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; A.几个&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; B.几时&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;C. 为什么&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;D.怎么样 <br><br>13、「聂唔好去善」什么意思 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; A.你们去死吧&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;B.你们不要信&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; C. 你们就做一次坏事吧&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;D.你们不要去那里 <br><br>14、「去玩」,台山话应该是 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; A.去爽&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;B.去蒲&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;C.去捞&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;D.去乃 <br><br>15、「塞声」是什么意思? <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; A.赶快&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; B.急忙&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;C.大声点&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;D.收声 <br><br>16、台山话中的「死太亡」是指 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; A.讨厌的老人&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;B.闹人的话&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;C.阴工&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;D.赞叹时用的语气助词 <br><br>17、蟹下 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; A.看一下&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; B.摸一下&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; C.床底&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;D.车底 <br><br>18、你可吾呀 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; A. 你可以吗&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;B.你要吗&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; C.你行吗&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;D.你好吗 <br><br>19、「多LIN风」是什么意思 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; A.多此一举&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;B.多管闲事&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; C. 好事多磨&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;D.啰啰嗦嗦 <br><br>20、以下那个词是指老土 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; A.麻&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; B.土&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;C.宿&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;D.野 <br><br><span style="font-family: &quot; size=&quot;;"><font size="3"><strong>填空题(20分一条)</strong></font></span> <br><br>著名台山R&amp;B歌曲《台山「好」》是台山话最经典和正宗的巨作!唱片风靡海内外! <br>它描述的是……(台山人都知道!) <br>以下问题根据其中的歌词来判断答案:(Fill in blank) <br><br>1)见到交警罚你违章骑车,你应该为自己辩护:「我冇戴___又唔系冇戴___」 <br><br>2)同事见你生病,叫你去医院检查一下,你应该讲___ <br><br>3)遇见小贩管理大队对违规摆卖的小贩进行扫荡,你应该讲___ <br><br>4)外来人对台山大量存在四五十岁的未婚女士感到疑惑,你解释道___ <br><br>5)什么人上班要经常做出「V」字的手势,答案是___ <br><br><br><span style="font-family: &quot; size=&quot;;"><font size="3">能完整答出以上所有问题的答案而且得到满分的朋友,恭喜你!<a href="http://imgcache.qq.com/qzone/em/e65.gif" title="" rel="gallery" class="thickbox"><img src="http://imgcache.qq.com/qzone/em/e65.gif" alt="" onload="if(this.width>'600')this.width='600';"></a><a href="http://imgcache.qq.com/qzone/em/e46.gif" title="" rel="gallery" class="thickbox"><img src="http://imgcache.qq.com/qzone/em/e46.gif" alt="" onload="if(this.width>'600')this.width='600';"></a> </font></span><br><span style="font-family: &quot; size=&quot;;"><font size="3">我想对你讲一句话:「喂,你台山个莫?我约系哇,聂台山乃呀?附城广海水步汶村大江公益四九五十挪裤斗山海宴端芬三合深井北陡横山沙兰还系上下川呀?我台城个哇,你去金山未呀?」</font></span> <br><a href="http://imgcache.qq.com/qzone/em/e13.gif" title="" rel="gallery" class="thickbox"><img src="http://imgcache.qq.com/qzone/em/e13.gif" alt="" onload="if(this.width>'600')this.width='600';"></a>&nbsp;<br><br><br>答案:BDABC&nbsp;&nbsp; ADCAB&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;DDACA&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;BABAC <br>1)我冇戴「帽」又唔系冇戴「套」&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <br>2)想去医院除非你系财主佬 <br>3)好心你药毛丐lin惨!聂毛得吃咯你还要扫聂个当摊!乜你个良心系咪揸去喂三!我确系真系睇唔过眼! <br>4)阿婶阿姆都想嫁个美国佬&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <br>5)摩托佬(因为V手势=两元)</p>

penkyamp 發表於 2008-8-6 13:06:17

<span id="_ctl0_PathLabel"><a href="http://www.cnts.gov.cn/" id="XfokSite_Navigation">中国台山门户网站</a> →<a href="http://www.cnts.gov.cn/Channel.Aspx?ChannelID=2" id="XfokSite_Navigation">走进台山</a>→ <a href="http://www.cnts.gov.cn/List.Aspx?ClassID=106" id="XfokSite_Navigation">侨乡侨情</a>→ <a href="http://www.cnts.gov.cn/List.Aspx?ClassID=380" id="XfokSite_Navigation">华人故事</a> </span>
                                               
                                       
                                       
                                               
                                                       
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                                                                                <div align="right">发布时间:
                                                                                        <span id="_ctl0_DateAndTimeLabel">2005年8月8日</span>
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                                                                                        <span id="_ctl0_HitsLabel">967</span>
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                                                                                <table style="table-layout: fixed;" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%">
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                                                                                                <td class="Content">
                                                                                                        <span id="_ctl0_ContentLabel">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 在缅甸的华侨中以云南、福建和广东三省的人数最多,粤闽人较云南人晚到缅甸,主要是从海路移民缅甸的。大量移民的时间在19世纪中期。<br><br> 
 葡萄牙人在明朝嘉靖十四年(公元1535年)入居澳门后,邻近的台山有不少人是从澳门乘船到马来亚的槟城,再到缅南的丹老市(墨吉Mergui)、毛淡
棉市(Moulmein),最后到达仰光市(Yangon旧译Rangoon)。现仰光市中心的广东大街(英殖时代称Dalhousie街,缅甸独立即
1948年后改为Maha
Bandoola街)就是因为广东人多、广东会馆多而获得此名。粤侨中则以四邑人最多,其中台山人占大多数,此外还有中山人、梅县人、广州人等等。台山话
是粤侨中主要的通用语言,二十世纪五六十年代,是台山话在仰光的鼎盛时期,中山人、梅县人、广州人、福建人,都可以流利地讲台山话,有少量缅甸人、印度人
也可以讲简单的台山话。<br><br>  台山人居住在缅甸首都仰光市最多,其次是第二大城市曼德勒(Mandalay华人称瓦城,缅甸古都)、缅南的
勃生市(Pegu)、毛淡棉市(Moulmein)、缅北的东枝市(Taunggyi)和腊戌市(Lashio)等数十个各中小城市。1962年之前的两
百余年,台山人移民到缅甸从没间断过,1963年后缅甸政府不接受新的移民,台山人移民到缅甸也就划上句号。<br><br>  在缅华历史上几位较有名气的台山人:<br><br>  1.李乃喜,生于清朝咸丰至同治年间。在缅甸承包赌捐及酒等税务,英国占领缅甸之后,仍用李乃喜等华人承包酒、烟、赌、屠宰、典当等行业。李乃喜是当时全缅最大的华人社团(有两万会员)「缅甸洪顺总坛」的大哥。李乃喜1891年病逝。<br><br> 
 2.李遐养,李乃喜的长子,1874年生于仰光。毕业于仰光学院后留学英国剑桥大学,获律师资格后回仰光,1908—1925年在仰光市担任议
员,1922年兼任缅甸立法议员,1925年升任市议会主席、缅甸农林部长,获英王授予K?H?H金质奖章,1929年获英国政府赐予爵士衔,1932年
4月17日病逝。<br><br>  3.李遐礼,李乃喜的六子。毕业仰光圣保罗书院,实业家,在缅甸开设米厂、矿业、橡胶园,在仰光的广东公司和宁阳会
馆地位极高,受聘仰光警察厅顾问、市府议员,1931年获印度总督的T?P?S勋章,英王银禧纪念时也授予他勋章。第二次世界大战时,日军占领缅甸,李遐
礼在逃难中病逝。<br><br>  4.黄重远, 1910年生,1941年在曼德勒市参与创办《华侨报》,1958年任缅甸南洋中学副校长、1962年任《中华商报》社长、缅华教师联合会主席等。1965年回祖国,曾任云南省侨联副主席,1997年10月在昆明病逝,享年87岁。<br><br> 
 5.黄绰卿,字宽羡,笔名阿黄、名名、台山横江堡大道村人,1911年1月6日生于缅甸仰光市。1928发表作品《弃妇》,同年认识漂泊到缅甸的作家艾
芜,开始从事抗日救亡的爱国文化工作。在缅生活期间写下大大量的古诗、散文,是诗人、作家、爱国者,有作品《万里行》、《感甄集》、《缅华大事记1950
—1966》、《祖国壮游》、《壮游漫记》等等。1968回到广州定居,1972年1月2日在武汉去世,享年61岁。他的主要作品是《黄绰卿诗文选》,由
中国华侨出版社1990年出版。<br><br>  6.黄军军,黄绰卿之女,原全国侨联副主席兼秘书长,现任全国政协委员、全国侨联顾问、中国海外交流协会常务理事。现居住北京。<br><br>  有学者估计,在缅甸的华侨每6人之中有一个是台山人。非正式统计,目前在缅甸的华侨、华人大约在130万至150万之间,那么在缅甸的台山人最少在20万以上。<br><br>  初到缅甸的台山人以木匠、铁匠为多,之后转到土木建筑业,所以缅甸首都仰光市广东大街的建筑物与广州、台城有相似之处。台山人后来遍及酒楼、饮食、五金、运输、机械、制革、中医、药材等等各行各业。<br><br> 
 在缅甸的很多广东人学做木工手艺为傍身之用,一代传一代,学徒从十三四岁就开始学做木工,到二十岁时已出师。仰光的城市在扩大,农村的人口不断地移到首
都,建房子、制做家具都要大量木工,木工是一项较辛苦的工种,但学会之后却不愁没有工作。(澳门&nbsp; 许均铨) 摘自《新宁杂志》<br></span>
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使君子 發表於 2010-1-19 21:12:58

使用jyutping应该是可以拼出几乎所有子方言音位的。

meallanfearghai 發表於 2012-6-26 02:19:07

新法蘭西粵語拼音系統,幾乎邊種粵語方言都轉寫到。
:D
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查看完整版本: 粵語區其他方言(例如台山話)有沒有拼音方案?